Do unsafe tetanus toxoid injections play a significant role in the transmission of HIV/AIDS? Evidence from seven African countries.
Identifieur interne : 000403 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000402; suivant : 000404Do unsafe tetanus toxoid injections play a significant role in the transmission of HIV/AIDS? Evidence from seven African countries.
Auteurs : D. De WalqueSource :
- Sexually transmitted infections [ 1472-3263 ] ; 2008.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult, Africa (epidemiology), Female, HIV Infections (epidemiology), HIV Infections (transmission), Humans, Injections, Odds Ratio, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious (epidemiology), Pregnancy Complications, Infectious (prevention & control), Prevalence, Risk Factors, Tetanus (prevention & control), Tetanus Toxoid (adverse effects).
- MESH :
- chemical , adverse effects : Tetanus Toxoid.
- geographic , epidemiology : Africa.
- epidemiology : HIV Infections, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious.
- prevention & control : Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Tetanus.
- transmission : HIV Infections.
- Adult, Female, Humans, Injections, Odds Ratio, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Risk Factors.
Abstract
Although sexual transmission is generally considered to be the main factor driving the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa, recent studies have claimed that iatrogenic transmission should be considered as an important source of HIV infection. In particular, receipt of tetanus toxoid injections during pregnancy has been reported to be associated with HIV infection in Kenya. The objective of this paper is to assess the robustness of this association among women in nationally representative HIV surveys in seven African countries.
DOI: 10.1136/sti.2007.028167
PubMed: 18192293
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pubmed:18192293Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Do unsafe tetanus toxoid injections play a significant role in the transmission of HIV/AIDS? Evidence from seven African countries.</title><author><name sortKey="De Walque, D" sort="De Walque, D" uniqKey="De Walque D" first="D" last="De Walque">D. De Walque</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Development Research Group, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433, USA. ddewalque@worldbank.org</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:18192293</idno><idno type="pmid">18192293</idno><idno type="doi">10.1136/sti.2007.028167</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000403</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000403</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Do unsafe tetanus toxoid injections play a significant role in the transmission of HIV/AIDS? Evidence from seven African countries.</title><author><name sortKey="De Walque, D" sort="De Walque, D" uniqKey="De Walque D" first="D" last="De Walque">D. De Walque</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Development Research Group, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433, USA. ddewalque@worldbank.org</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Sexually transmitted infections</title><idno type="eISSN">1472-3263</idno><imprint><date when="2008" type="published">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Africa (epidemiology)</term><term>Female</term><term>HIV Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>HIV Infections (transmission)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Injections</term><term>Odds Ratio</term><term>Pregnancy</term><term>Pregnancy Complications, Infectious (epidemiology)</term><term>Pregnancy Complications, Infectious (prevention & control)</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Risk Factors</term><term>Tetanus (prevention & control)</term><term>Tetanus Toxoid (adverse effects)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Tetanus Toxoid</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term><term>Pregnancy Complications, Infectious</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Pregnancy Complications, Infectious</term><term>Tetanus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Injections</term><term>Odds Ratio</term><term>Pregnancy</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Risk Factors</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Although sexual transmission is generally considered to be the main factor driving the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa, recent studies have claimed that iatrogenic transmission should be considered as an important source of HIV infection. In particular, receipt of tetanus toxoid injections during pregnancy has been reported to be associated with HIV infection in Kenya. The objective of this paper is to assess the robustness of this association among women in nationally representative HIV surveys in seven African countries.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">18192293</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2008</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>28</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2008</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>28</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2008</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>28</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1472-3263</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>84</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2008</Year><Month>Apr</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Sexually transmitted infections</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Sex Transm Infect</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Do unsafe tetanus toxoid injections play a significant role in the transmission of HIV/AIDS? Evidence from seven African countries.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>122-5</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1136/sti.2007.028167</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVES" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">Although sexual transmission is generally considered to be the main factor driving the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa, recent studies have claimed that iatrogenic transmission should be considered as an important source of HIV infection. In particular, receipt of tetanus toxoid injections during pregnancy has been reported to be associated with HIV infection in Kenya. The objective of this paper is to assess the robustness of this association among women in nationally representative HIV surveys in seven African countries.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">The association between prophylactic tetanus toxoid injections during pregnancy and HIV infection was analysed, using individual-level data from women who gave birth in the past five years. These data are from the nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys, which included HIV testing in seven African countries: Burkina Faso 2003 (N = 2424), Cameroon 2004 (N = 2600), Ethiopia 2005 (N = 2886), Ghana 2003 (N = 2560), Kenya 2003 (N = 1617), Lesotho 2004 (N = 1278) and Senegal 2005 (N = 2126).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Once the odds ratios (OR) were adjusted for five-year age groups and for ethnic, urban and regional indicators, the association between prophylactic tetanus toxoid injections during pregnancy and HIV infection was never statistically significant in any of the seven countries. Only in Cameroon was there an association between previous tetanus toxoid injection and HIV positivity but it became weaker (OR 1.53, 95% CI 0.91 to 2.57) once urban location and ethnic group were adjusted for.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Although the risk of HIV infection through unsafe injections and healthcare should not be ignored and should be reduced, it does not seem that there is, at present and in the seven countries studied, strong evidence supporting the claim that unsafe tetanus toxoid injections are a major factor driving the HIV epidemic.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Walque</LastName><ForeName>D</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Development Research Group, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433, USA. ddewalque@worldbank.org</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016448">Multicenter Study</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2008</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>11</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Sex Transm Infect</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9805554</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1368-4973</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D013745">Tetanus Toxoid</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000349" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Africa</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015658" MajorTopicYN="N">HIV Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000635" MajorTopicYN="Y">transmission</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007267" MajorTopicYN="N">Injections</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016017" MajorTopicYN="N">Odds Ratio</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011247" MajorTopicYN="N">Pregnancy</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011251" MajorTopicYN="N">Pregnancy Complications, Infectious</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015995" MajorTopicYN="N">Prevalence</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012307" MajorTopicYN="N">Risk Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013742" MajorTopicYN="N">Tetanus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013745" MajorTopicYN="N">Tetanus Toxoid</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="Y">adverse effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2008</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2008</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>29</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2008</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18192293</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">sti.2007.028167</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1136/sti.2007.028167</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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