A cross-sectional study of 'yaws' in districts of Ghana which have previously undertaken azithromycin mass drug administration for trachoma control.
Identifieur interne : 000274 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000273; suivant : 000275A cross-sectional study of 'yaws' in districts of Ghana which have previously undertaken azithromycin mass drug administration for trachoma control.
Auteurs : Rosanna Ghinai [Royaume-Uni] ; Philip El-Duah [Ghana] ; Kai-Hua Chi [États-Unis] ; Allan Pillay [États-Unis] ; Anthony W. Solomon [Royaume-Uni] ; Robin L. Bailey [Royaume-Uni] ; Nsiire Agana [Ghana] ; David C W. Mabey [Royaume-Uni] ; Cheng-Yen Chen [États-Unis] ; Yaw Adu-Sarkodie [Ghana] ; Michael Marks [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- PLoS neglected tropical diseases [ 1935-2735 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- usage thérapeutique : Antibactériens, Azithromycine.
- Adolescent, Enfant, Enfant d'âge préscolaire, Femelle, Ghana, Humains, Mâle, Pian, Trachome, Études transversales.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Ghana.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , therapeutic use : Anti-Bacterial Agents, Azithromycin.
- geographic : Ghana.
- prevention & control : Trachoma, Yaws.
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male.
Abstract
Yaws, caused by Treponema pallidum ssp. pertenue, is reportedly endemic in Ghana. Mass distribution of azithromycin is now the cornerstone of the WHO yaws eradication campaign. Mass distribution of azithromycin at a lower target dose was previously undertaken in two regions of Ghana for the control of trachoma. Ongoing reporting of yaws raises the possibility that resistance may have emerged in T. pallidum pertenue, or that alternative infections may be responsible for some of the reported cases. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in thirty communities in two districts of Ghana where MDA for trachoma had previously been conducted. Children aged 5-17 years with ulcerative lesions compatible with yaws were enrolled. Samples for treponemal serology and lesion PCR were collected from all children. 90 children with 98 lesions were enrolled. Syphilis serology was negative in all of them. PCR for T. pallidum ssp pertenue was negative in all children, but Haemophilus ducreyi DNA was detected in 9 lesions. In these communities, previously treated for trachoma, we found no evidence of ongoing transmission of yaws. H. ducreyi was associated with a proportion of skin lesions, but the majority of lesions remain unexplained. Integration of diagnostic testing into both pre and post-MDA surveillance systems is required to better inform yaws control programmes.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003496
PubMed: 25632942
Affiliations:
- Ghana, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Grand Londres, Géorgie (États-Unis), Région du Grand Accra
- Accra, Londres
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Solomon</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bailey, Robin L" sort="Bailey, Robin L" uniqKey="Bailey R" first="Robin L" last="Bailey">Robin L. Bailey</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agana, Nsiire" sort="Agana, Nsiire" uniqKey="Agana N" first="Nsiire" last="Agana">Nsiire Agana</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Public Health Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mabey, David C W" sort="Mabey, David C W" uniqKey="Mabey D" first="David C W" last="Mabey">David C W. Mabey</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Cheng Yen" sort="Chen, Cheng Yen" uniqKey="Chen C" first="Cheng-Yen" last="Chen">Cheng-Yen Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory Reference and Research Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and Tuberculosis Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory Reference and Research Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and Tuberculosis Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adu Sarkodie, Yaw" sort="Adu Sarkodie, Yaw" uniqKey="Adu Sarkodie Y" first="Yaw" last="Adu-Sarkodie">Yaw Adu-Sarkodie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kumasi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marks, Michael" sort="Marks, Michael" uniqKey="Marks M" first="Michael" last="Marks">Michael Marks</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS neglected tropical diseases</title><idno type="eISSN">1935-2735</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Anti-Bacterial Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Azithromycin (therapeutic use)</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term><term>Female</term><term>Ghana</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Trachoma (prevention & control)</term><term>Yaws (prevention & control)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Antibactériens (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Azithromycine (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Ghana</term><term>Humains</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Pian ()</term><term>Trachome ()</term><term>Études transversales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-Bacterial Agents</term><term>Azithromycin</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Ghana</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Trachoma</term><term>Yaws</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antibactériens</term><term>Azithromycine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Ghana</term><term>Humains</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Pian</term><term>Trachome</term><term>Études transversales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Ghana</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Yaws, caused by Treponema pallidum ssp. pertenue, is reportedly endemic in Ghana. Mass distribution of azithromycin is now the cornerstone of the WHO yaws eradication campaign. Mass distribution of azithromycin at a lower target dose was previously undertaken in two regions of Ghana for the control of trachoma. Ongoing reporting of yaws raises the possibility that resistance may have emerged in T. pallidum pertenue, or that alternative infections may be responsible for some of the reported cases. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in thirty communities in two districts of Ghana where MDA for trachoma had previously been conducted. Children aged 5-17 years with ulcerative lesions compatible with yaws were enrolled. Samples for treponemal serology and lesion PCR were collected from all children. 90 children with 98 lesions were enrolled. Syphilis serology was negative in all of them. PCR for T. pallidum ssp pertenue was negative in all children, but Haemophilus ducreyi DNA was detected in 9 lesions. In these communities, previously treated for trachoma, we found no evidence of ongoing transmission of yaws. H. ducreyi was associated with a proportion of skin lesions, but the majority of lesions remain unexplained. Integration of diagnostic testing into both pre and post-MDA surveillance systems is required to better inform yaws control programmes.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25632942</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2015</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>30</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>26</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>02</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1935-2735</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>9</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2015</Year><Month>Jan</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>A cross-sectional study of 'yaws' in districts of Ghana which have previously undertaken azithromycin mass drug administration for trachoma control.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e0003496</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pntd.0003496</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Yaws, caused by Treponema pallidum ssp. pertenue, is reportedly endemic in Ghana. Mass distribution of azithromycin is now the cornerstone of the WHO yaws eradication campaign. Mass distribution of azithromycin at a lower target dose was previously undertaken in two regions of Ghana for the control of trachoma. Ongoing reporting of yaws raises the possibility that resistance may have emerged in T. pallidum pertenue, or that alternative infections may be responsible for some of the reported cases. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in thirty communities in two districts of Ghana where MDA for trachoma had previously been conducted. Children aged 5-17 years with ulcerative lesions compatible with yaws were enrolled. Samples for treponemal serology and lesion PCR were collected from all children. 90 children with 98 lesions were enrolled. Syphilis serology was negative in all of them. PCR for T. pallidum ssp pertenue was negative in all children, but Haemophilus ducreyi DNA was detected in 9 lesions. In these communities, previously treated for trachoma, we found no evidence of ongoing transmission of yaws. H. ducreyi was associated with a proportion of skin lesions, but the majority of lesions remain unexplained. Integration of diagnostic testing into both pre and post-MDA surveillance systems is required to better inform yaws control programmes.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ghinai</LastName><ForeName>Rosanna</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>El-Duah</LastName><ForeName>Philip</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chi</LastName><ForeName>Kai-Hua</ForeName><Initials>KH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory Reference and Research Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and Tuberculosis Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pillay</LastName><ForeName>Allan</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory Reference and Research Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and Tuberculosis Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Solomon</LastName><ForeName>Anthony W</ForeName><Initials>AW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bailey</LastName><ForeName>Robin L</ForeName><Initials>RL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Agana</LastName><ForeName>Nsiire</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Public Health Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mabey</LastName><ForeName>David C W</ForeName><Initials>DC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Cheng-Yen</ForeName><Initials>CY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory Reference and Research Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and Tuberculosis Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Adu-Sarkodie</LastName><ForeName>Yaw</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marks</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>WT100714</GrantID><Agency>Wellcome Trust</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>WT102807</GrantID><Agency>Wellcome Trust</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>098521</GrantID><Agency>Wellcome Trust</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2015</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>29</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101291488</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1935-2727</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000900">Anti-Bacterial Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>83905-01-5</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D017963">Azithromycin</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Sep;41(9):4231-7</RefSource><PMID Version="1">12958250</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>N Engl J Med. 2004 Jul 8;351(2):154-8</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15247355</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Clin Microbiol. 1996 Jan;34(1):49-54</RefSource><PMID Version="1">8748271</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Infect Dis. 1998 Jun;177(6):1608-13</RefSource><PMID Version="1">9607840</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Bull World Health Organ. 2006 Aug;84(8):613-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">16917648</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Bull World Health Organ. 2008 Jul;86(7):499-499A</RefSource><PMID Version="1">18670655</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Jun;47(6):1668-73</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19339468</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Oct;103(10):993-1000</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19286239</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Lancet. 2012 Jan 28;379(9813):342-7</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22240407</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Clin Microbiol. 2013 Mar;51(3):908-13</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23284026</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013 Oct;19(10):975-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23231450</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2012 May 18;87(20):189-94</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24340400</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Clin Microbiol. 2014 Aug;52(8):2776-81</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24850356</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Lancet Glob Health. 2014 Apr;2(4):e235-41</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25103064</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Lancet Glob Health. 2014 Jul;2(7):e415-21</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25103395</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Sep;8(9):e3156</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25211018</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2014 Oct;108(10):601-7</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25157125</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Emerg Infect Dis. 2014 Oct;20(10):1705-7</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25271477</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015 Jan;92(1):134-8</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25404075</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000293" MajorTopicYN="N">Adolescent</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000900" MajorTopicYN="N">Anti-Bacterial Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017963" MajorTopicYN="N">Azithromycin</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002648" MajorTopicYN="N">Child</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002675" MajorTopicYN="N">Child, Preschool</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003430" MajorTopicYN="N">Cross-Sectional Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005869" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Ghana</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014141" MajorTopicYN="N">Trachoma</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015001" MajorTopicYN="N">Yaws</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><OtherID Source="NLM">PMC4310597</OtherID></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2014</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>24</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2014</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>23</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2015</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>31</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2015</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>31</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>27</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25632942</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1371/journal.pntd.0003496</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">PNTD-D-14-01883</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4310597</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Ghana</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Géorgie (États-Unis)</li><li>Région du Grand Accra</li></region><settlement><li>Accra</li><li>Londres</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Ghinai, Rosanna" sort="Ghinai, Rosanna" uniqKey="Ghinai R" first="Rosanna" last="Ghinai">Rosanna Ghinai</name></region><name sortKey="Bailey, Robin L" sort="Bailey, Robin L" uniqKey="Bailey R" first="Robin L" last="Bailey">Robin L. Bailey</name><name sortKey="Mabey, David C W" sort="Mabey, David C W" uniqKey="Mabey D" first="David C W" last="Mabey">David C W. Mabey</name><name sortKey="Marks, Michael" sort="Marks, Michael" uniqKey="Marks M" first="Michael" last="Marks">Michael Marks</name><name sortKey="Solomon, Anthony W" sort="Solomon, Anthony W" uniqKey="Solomon A" first="Anthony W" last="Solomon">Anthony W. Solomon</name></country><country name="Ghana"><noRegion><name sortKey="El Duah, Philip" sort="El Duah, Philip" uniqKey="El Duah P" first="Philip" last="El-Duah">Philip El-Duah</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Adu Sarkodie, Yaw" sort="Adu Sarkodie, Yaw" uniqKey="Adu Sarkodie Y" first="Yaw" last="Adu-Sarkodie">Yaw Adu-Sarkodie</name><name sortKey="Agana, Nsiire" sort="Agana, Nsiire" uniqKey="Agana N" first="Nsiire" last="Agana">Nsiire Agana</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Géorgie (États-Unis)"><name sortKey="Chi, Kai Hua" sort="Chi, Kai Hua" uniqKey="Chi K" first="Kai-Hua" last="Chi">Kai-Hua Chi</name></region><name sortKey="Chen, Cheng Yen" sort="Chen, Cheng Yen" uniqKey="Chen C" first="Cheng-Yen" last="Chen">Cheng-Yen Chen</name><name sortKey="Pillay, Allan" sort="Pillay, Allan" uniqKey="Pillay A" first="Allan" last="Pillay">Allan Pillay</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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