Community engagement strategies for genomic studies in Africa: a review of the literature.
Identifieur interne : 000260 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000259; suivant : 000261Community engagement strategies for genomic studies in Africa: a review of the literature.
Auteurs : Paulina Tindana [Ghana] ; Jantina De Vries [Afrique du Sud] ; Megan Campbell [Afrique du Sud] ; Katherine Littler [Royaume-Uni] ; Janet Seeley [Ouganda] ; Patricia Marshall [États-Unis] ; Jennifer Troyer [États-Unis] ; Morisola Ogundipe [Éthiopie] ; Vincent Pius Alibu [Ouganda] ; Aminu Yakubu [Nigeria] ; Michael Parker [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- BMC medical ethics [ 1472-6939 ] ; 2015.
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Abstract
Community engagement has been recognised as an important aspect of the ethical conduct of biomedical research, especially when research is focused on ethnically or culturally distinct populations. While this is a generally accepted tenet of biomedical research, it is unclear what components are necessary for effective community engagement, particularly in the context of genomic research in Africa.
DOI: 10.1186/s12910-015-0014-z
PubMed: 25889051
Affiliations:
- Afrique du Sud, Ghana, Nigeria, Ouganda, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis, Éthiopie
- Angleterre, Oxfordshire
- Oxford
- Université d'Oxford
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Box 49, Entebbe</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Entebbe</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marshall, Patricia" sort="Marshall, Patricia" uniqKey="Marshall P" first="Patricia" last="Marshall">Patricia Marshall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Bioethics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106-4976, USA. pam20@case.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Bioethics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106-4976</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>44106-4976</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Troyer, Jennifer" sort="Troyer, Jennifer" uniqKey="Troyer J" first="Jennifer" last="Troyer">Jennifer Troyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, USA. troyerj@mail.nih.gov.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bethesda</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ogundipe, Morisola" sort="Ogundipe, Morisola" uniqKey="Ogundipe M" first="Morisola" last="Ogundipe">Morisola Ogundipe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>West African Bioethics Training Program, Center for Bioethics, 102 Bashorun Road, Ibadan, Oyo, State. morisola.ogundipe@westafricanbioethics.net.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Éthiopie</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alibu, Vincent Pius" sort="Alibu, Vincent Pius" uniqKey="Alibu V" first="Vincent Pius" last="Alibu">Vincent Pius Alibu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, Makerere University, P.O. BOX 7062, Kampala, Uganda. vpalibu@yahoo.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, Makerere University, P.O. BOX 7062, Kampala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yakubu, Aminu" sort="Yakubu, Aminu" uniqKey="Yakubu A" first="Aminu" last="Yakubu">Aminu Yakubu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Health Research Ethics Committee, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria. yaminads@yahoo.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>National Health Research Ethics Committee, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Abuja</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parker, Michael" sort="Parker, Michael" uniqKey="Parker M" first="Michael" last="Parker">Michael Parker</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>The Ethox Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. michael.parker@ethox.ox.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Ethox Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:25889051</idno><idno type="pmid">25889051</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s12910-015-0014-z</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000950</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000950</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000948</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000948</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000948</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000948</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Community engagement strategies for genomic studies in Africa: a review of the literature.</title><author><name sortKey="Tindana, Paulina" sort="Tindana, Paulina" uniqKey="Tindana P" first="Paulina" last="Tindana">Paulina Tindana</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, P.O. Box 114, Navrongo, Ghana. ptindana@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, P.O. Box 114, Navrongo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Navrongo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Vries, Jantina" sort="De Vries, Jantina" uniqKey="De Vries J" first="Jantina" last="De Vries">Jantina De Vries</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Office J52-16, UCT Centre for Clinical Research, Old Main Building, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa. Jantina.devries@uct.ac.za.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Office J52-16, UCT Centre for Clinical Research, Old Main Building, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Megan" sort="Campbell, Megan" uniqKey="Campbell M" first="Megan" last="Campbell">Megan Campbell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, J-Block, Groote Schuur, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa. mm.campbell@uct.ac.za.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, J-Block, Groote Schuur, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Littler, Katherine" sort="Littler, Katherine" uniqKey="Littler K" first="Katherine" last="Littler">Katherine Littler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE, UK. k.littler@wellcome.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NW1 2BE</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seeley, Janet" sort="Seeley, Janet" uniqKey="Seeley J" first="Janet" last="Seeley">Janet Seeley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda. janet.seeley@lshtm.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Entebbe</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marshall, Patricia" sort="Marshall, Patricia" uniqKey="Marshall P" first="Patricia" last="Marshall">Patricia Marshall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Bioethics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106-4976, USA. pam20@case.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Bioethics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106-4976</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>44106-4976</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Troyer, Jennifer" sort="Troyer, Jennifer" uniqKey="Troyer J" first="Jennifer" last="Troyer">Jennifer Troyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, USA. troyerj@mail.nih.gov.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bethesda</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ogundipe, Morisola" sort="Ogundipe, Morisola" uniqKey="Ogundipe M" first="Morisola" last="Ogundipe">Morisola Ogundipe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>West African Bioethics Training Program, Center for Bioethics, 102 Bashorun Road, Ibadan, Oyo, State. morisola.ogundipe@westafricanbioethics.net.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Éthiopie</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alibu, Vincent Pius" sort="Alibu, Vincent Pius" uniqKey="Alibu V" first="Vincent Pius" last="Alibu">Vincent Pius Alibu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, Makerere University, P.O. BOX 7062, Kampala, Uganda. vpalibu@yahoo.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, Makerere University, P.O. BOX 7062, Kampala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yakubu, Aminu" sort="Yakubu, Aminu" uniqKey="Yakubu A" first="Aminu" last="Yakubu">Aminu Yakubu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Health Research Ethics Committee, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria. yaminads@yahoo.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>National Health Research Ethics Committee, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Abuja</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parker, Michael" sort="Parker, Michael" uniqKey="Parker M" first="Michael" last="Parker">Michael Parker</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>The Ethox Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. michael.parker@ethox.ox.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Ethox Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC medical ethics</title><idno type="eISSN">1472-6939</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa</term><term>Community Participation</term><term>Community-Based Participatory Research</term><term>Community-Institutional Relations</term><term>Genetic Research (ethics)</term><term>Genomics</term><term>Humans</term><term>Residence Characteristics</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Afrique</term><term>Caractéristiques de l'habitat</term><term>Génomique</term><term>Humains</term><term>Participation communautaire</term><term>Recherche génétique (éthique)</term><term>Recherche participative basée sur la communauté</term><term>Relations communauté-institution</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="ethics" xml:lang="en"><term>Genetic Research</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="éthique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Recherche génétique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa</term><term>Community Participation</term><term>Community-Based Participatory Research</term><term>Community-Institutional Relations</term><term>Genomics</term><term>Humans</term><term>Residence Characteristics</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Afrique</term><term>Caractéristiques de l'habitat</term><term>Génomique</term><term>Humains</term><term>Participation communautaire</term><term>Recherche participative basée sur la communauté</term><term>Relations communauté-institution</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Community engagement has been recognised as an important aspect of the ethical conduct of biomedical research, especially when research is focused on ethnically or culturally distinct populations. While this is a generally accepted tenet of biomedical research, it is unclear what components are necessary for effective community engagement, particularly in the context of genomic research in Africa.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25889051</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2015</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>23</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>13</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1472-6939</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>16</Volume><PubDate><Year>2015</Year><Month>Apr</Month><Day>12</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>BMC medical ethics</Title><ISOAbbreviation>BMC Med Ethics</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Community engagement strategies for genomic studies in Africa: a review of the literature.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>24</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/s12910-015-0014-z</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Community engagement has been recognised as an important aspect of the ethical conduct of biomedical research, especially when research is focused on ethnically or culturally distinct populations. While this is a generally accepted tenet of biomedical research, it is unclear what components are necessary for effective community engagement, particularly in the context of genomic research in Africa.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">We conducted a review of the published literature to identify the community engagement strategies that can support the successful implementation of genomic studies in Africa. Our search strategy involved using online databases, Pubmed (National Library of Medicine), Medline and Google scholar. Search terms included a combination of the following: community engagement, community advisory boards, community consultation, community participation, effectiveness, genetic and genomic research, Africa, developing countries.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">A total of 44 articles and 1 thesis were retrieved of which 38 met the selection criteria. Of these, 21 were primary studies on community engagement, while the rest were secondary reports on community engagement efforts in biomedical research studies. 34 related to biomedical research generally, while 4 were specific to genetic and genomic research in Africa.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">We concluded that there were several community engagement strategies that could support genomic studies in Africa. While many of the strategies could support the early stages of a research project such as the recruitment of research participants, further research is needed to identify effective strategies to engage research participants and their communities beyond the participant recruitment stage. Research is also needed to address how the views of local communities should be incorporated into future uses of human biological samples. Finally, studies evaluating the impact of CE on genetic research are lacking. Systematic evaluation of CE strategies is essential to determine the most effective models of CE for genetic and genomic research conducted in African settings.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tindana</LastName><ForeName>Paulina</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, P.O. Box 114, Navrongo, Ghana. ptindana@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Vries</LastName><ForeName>Jantina</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Office J52-16, UCT Centre for Clinical Research, Old Main Building, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa. Jantina.devries@uct.ac.za.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Campbell</LastName><ForeName>Megan</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, J-Block, Groote Schuur, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa. mm.campbell@uct.ac.za.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Littler</LastName><ForeName>Katherine</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE, UK. k.littler@wellcome.ac.uk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Seeley</LastName><ForeName>Janet</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda. janet.seeley@lshtm.ac.uk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marshall</LastName><ForeName>Patricia</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Bioethics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106-4976, USA. pam20@case.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Troyer</LastName><ForeName>Jennifer</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, USA. troyerj@mail.nih.gov.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ogundipe</LastName><ForeName>Morisola</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>West African Bioethics Training Program, Center for Bioethics, 102 Bashorun Road, Ibadan, Oyo, State. morisola.ogundipe@westafricanbioethics.net.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alibu</LastName><ForeName>Vincent Pius</ForeName><Initials>VP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, Makerere University, P.O. BOX 7062, Kampala, Uganda. vpalibu@yahoo.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yakubu</LastName><ForeName>Aminu</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Health Research Ethics Committee, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria. yaminads@yahoo.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Parker</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Ethox Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. michael.parker@ethox.ox.ac.uk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>as members of the H3A Working Group on Ethics</CollectiveName></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><Agency>Wellcome Trust</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2015</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>12</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>BMC Med Ethics</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101088680</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1472-6939</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>E</CitationSubset><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Acta Trop. 2009 Nov;112 Suppl 1:S21-31</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19665983</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Public Health Ethics. 2011 Apr;4(1):26-39</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21416064</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Trends Parasitol. 2010 Jun;26(6):279-83</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20299285</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Dev 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Version="1">15153999</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Clin Trials. 2008;5(2):147-56</RefSource><PMID Version="1">18375653</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000349" MajorTopicYN="N">Africa</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003256" MajorTopicYN="Y">Community Participation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055812" MajorTopicYN="N">Community-Based Participatory Research</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003159" MajorTopicYN="N">Community-Institutional Relations</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D036281" MajorTopicYN="N">Genetic Research</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000941" MajorTopicYN="Y">ethics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D023281" MajorTopicYN="Y">Genomics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName 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IdType="doi">10.1186/s12910-015-0014-z</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">10.1186/s12910-015-0014-z</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4407431</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li><li>Ghana</li><li>Nigeria</li><li>Ouganda</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>États-Unis</li><li>Éthiopie</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Oxfordshire</li></region><settlement><li>Oxford</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Oxford</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Ghana"><noRegion><name sortKey="Tindana, Paulina" sort="Tindana, Paulina" uniqKey="Tindana P" first="Paulina" last="Tindana">Paulina Tindana</name></noRegion></country><country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="De Vries, Jantina" sort="De Vries, Jantina" uniqKey="De Vries J" first="Jantina" last="De Vries">Jantina De Vries</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Campbell, Megan" sort="Campbell, Megan" uniqKey="Campbell M" first="Megan" last="Campbell">Megan Campbell</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Littler, Katherine" sort="Littler, Katherine" uniqKey="Littler K" first="Katherine" last="Littler">Katherine Littler</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Parker, Michael" sort="Parker, Michael" uniqKey="Parker M" first="Michael" last="Parker">Michael Parker</name></country><country name="Ouganda"><noRegion><name sortKey="Seeley, Janet" sort="Seeley, Janet" uniqKey="Seeley J" first="Janet" last="Seeley">Janet Seeley</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Alibu, Vincent Pius" sort="Alibu, Vincent Pius" uniqKey="Alibu V" first="Vincent Pius" last="Alibu">Vincent Pius Alibu</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Marshall, Patricia" sort="Marshall, Patricia" uniqKey="Marshall P" first="Patricia" last="Marshall">Patricia Marshall</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Troyer, Jennifer" sort="Troyer, Jennifer" uniqKey="Troyer J" first="Jennifer" last="Troyer">Jennifer Troyer</name></country><country name="Éthiopie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ogundipe, Morisola" sort="Ogundipe, Morisola" uniqKey="Ogundipe M" first="Morisola" last="Ogundipe">Morisola Ogundipe</name></noRegion></country><country name="Nigeria"><noRegion><name sortKey="Yakubu, Aminu" sort="Yakubu, Aminu" uniqKey="Yakubu A" first="Aminu" last="Yakubu">Aminu Yakubu</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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