Key populations and human rights in the context of HIV services rendition in Ghana.
Identifieur interne : 000043 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000042; suivant : 000044Key populations and human rights in the context of HIV services rendition in Ghana.
Auteurs : Amos Laar [Ghana] ; Debra Debruin [États-Unis]Source :
- BMC international health and human rights [ 1472-698X ] ; 2017.
Abstract
In line with its half century old penal code, Ghana currently criminalizes and penalizes behaviors of some key populations - populations deemed to be at higher risk of acquiring or transmitting Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Men who have sex with men (MSM), and sex workers (SWs) fit into this categorization. This paper provides an analysis of how enactment and implementation of rights-limiting laws not only limit rights, but also amplify risk and vulnerability to HIV in key and general populations. The paper derives from a project that assessed the ethics sensitivity of key documents guiding Ghana's response to its HIV epidemic. Assessment was guided by leading frameworks from public health ethics, and relevant articles from the international bill of rights.
DOI: 10.1186/s12914-017-0129-z
PubMed: 28768541
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Key populations and human rights in the context of HIV services rendition in Ghana.</title><author><name sortKey="Laar, Amos" sort="Laar, Amos" uniqKey="Laar A" first="Amos" last="Laar">Amos Laar</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Box LG 13, Legon, Accra, Ghana. alaar@ug.edu.gh.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Box LG 13, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Debruin, Debra" sort="Debruin, Debra" uniqKey="Debruin D" first="Debra" last="Debruin">Debra Debruin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Bioethics, University of Minnesota, 410 Church Street S.E MN, Minneapolis, 55455-0346, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Bioethics, University of Minnesota, 410 Church Street S.E MN, Minneapolis, 55455-0346</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>55455-0346</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:28768541</idno><idno type="pmid">28768541</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s12914-017-0129-z</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000137</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000137</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000137</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000137</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000137</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000137</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Key populations and human rights in the context of HIV services rendition in Ghana.</title><author><name sortKey="Laar, Amos" sort="Laar, Amos" uniqKey="Laar A" first="Amos" last="Laar">Amos Laar</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Box LG 13, Legon, Accra, Ghana. alaar@ug.edu.gh.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Box LG 13, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Debruin, Debra" sort="Debruin, Debra" uniqKey="Debruin D" first="Debra" last="Debruin">Debra Debruin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Bioethics, University of Minnesota, 410 Church Street S.E MN, Minneapolis, 55455-0346, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Bioethics, University of Minnesota, 410 Church Street S.E MN, Minneapolis, 55455-0346</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>55455-0346</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC international health and human rights</title><idno type="eISSN">1472-698X</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In line with its half century old penal code, Ghana currently criminalizes and penalizes behaviors of some key populations - populations deemed to be at higher risk of acquiring or transmitting Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Men who have sex with men (MSM), and sex workers (SWs) fit into this categorization. This paper provides an analysis of how enactment and implementation of rights-limiting laws not only limit rights, but also amplify risk and vulnerability to HIV in key and general populations. The paper derives from a project that assessed the ethics sensitivity of key documents guiding Ghana's response to its HIV epidemic. Assessment was guided by leading frameworks from public health ethics, and relevant articles from the international bill of rights.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Process" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">28768541</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2017</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>03</Day></DateCreated><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>08</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1472-698X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>17</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2017</Year><Month>Aug</Month><Day>02</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>BMC international health and human rights</Title><ISOAbbreviation>BMC Int Health Hum Rights</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Key populations and human rights in the context of HIV services rendition in Ghana.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>20</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/s12914-017-0129-z</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">In line with its half century old penal code, Ghana currently criminalizes and penalizes behaviors of some key populations - populations deemed to be at higher risk of acquiring or transmitting Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Men who have sex with men (MSM), and sex workers (SWs) fit into this categorization. This paper provides an analysis of how enactment and implementation of rights-limiting laws not only limit rights, but also amplify risk and vulnerability to HIV in key and general populations. The paper derives from a project that assessed the ethics sensitivity of key documents guiding Ghana's response to its HIV epidemic. Assessment was guided by leading frameworks from public health ethics, and relevant articles from the international bill of rights.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="DISCUSSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Ghana's response to her HIV epidemic does not adequately address the rights and needs of key populations. Even though the national response has achieved some public health successes, palpable efforts to address rights issues remain nascent. Ghana's guiding documents for HIV response include no advocacy for decriminalization, depenalization or harm reduction approaches for these key populations. The impact of rights-restricting codes on the nation's HIV epidemic is real: criminalization impedes key populations' access to HIV prevention and treatment services. Given that they are bridging populations, whatever affects the Ghanaian key populations directly, affects the general population indirectly. The right to the highest attainable standard of health, without qualification, is generally acknowledged as a fundamental human right. Unfortunately, this right currently eludes the Ghanaian SW and MSM. The paper endorses decriminalization as a means of promoting this right. In the face of opposition to decriminalization, the paper proposes specific harm reduction strategies as approaches to promote health and uplift the diminished rights of key populations. Thus the authors call on Ghana to remove impediments to public health services provision to these populations. Doing so will require political will and sufficient planning toward prioritizing HIV prevention, care and treatment programming for key populations.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Laar</LastName><ForeName>Amos</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Box LG 13, Legon, Accra, Ghana. alaar@ug.edu.gh.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>DeBruin</LastName><ForeName>Debra</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Bioethics, University of Minnesota, 410 Church Street S.E MN, Minneapolis, 55455-0346, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>02</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>BMC Int Health Hum Rights</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101088678</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1472-698X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>PLoS Med. 2012;9(10):e1001325</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23091422</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Yale J Biol Med. 2005 Oct;78(5):239-54</RefSource><PMID Version="1">17132331</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2011 Dec 16;11 Suppl 3:S6</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22376152</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>AIDS Care. 2010 Apr;22(4):409-14</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20131126</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Int J Drug Policy. 2001 Jul 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