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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Lay Representations of Chronic Diseases in Ghana: Implications for Primary Prevention</title>
<author><name sortKey="De Graft Aikins, A" sort="De Graft Aikins, A" uniqKey="De Graft Aikins A" first="A" last="De Graft Aikins">A. De Graft Aikins</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anum, A" sort="Anum, A" uniqKey="Anum A" first="A" last="Anum">A. Anum</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Agyemang, C" sort="Agyemang, C" uniqKey="Agyemang C" first="C" last="Agyemang">C. Agyemang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Social Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Addo, J" sort="Addo, J" uniqKey="Addo J" first="J" last="Addo">J. Addo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ogedegbe, O" sort="Ogedegbe, O" uniqKey="Ogedegbe O" first="O" last="Ogedegbe">O. Ogedegbe</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Division of General Internal Medicine at the School of Medicine, New York University, New York, US</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">23661819</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3645147</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3645147</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3645147</idno>
<date when="2012">2012</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000334</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000334</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Lay Representations of Chronic Diseases in Ghana: Implications for Primary Prevention</title>
<author><name sortKey="De Graft Aikins, A" sort="De Graft Aikins, A" uniqKey="De Graft Aikins A" first="A" last="De Graft Aikins">A. De Graft Aikins</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anum, A" sort="Anum, A" uniqKey="Anum A" first="A" last="Anum">A. Anum</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Agyemang, C" sort="Agyemang, C" uniqKey="Agyemang C" first="C" last="Agyemang">C. Agyemang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Social Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Addo, J" sort="Addo, J" uniqKey="Addo J" first="J" last="Addo">J. Addo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ogedegbe, O" sort="Ogedegbe, O" uniqKey="Ogedegbe O" first="O" last="Ogedegbe">O. Ogedegbe</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Division of General Internal Medicine at the School of Medicine, New York University, New York, US</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Ghana Medical Journal</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0016-9560</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Summary</title>
<sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Ghana's health system is ill-equipped to tackle the country's double burden of infectious and chronic diseases. The current focus is on empowering lay communities to adopt healthy practices to prevent chronic diseases. Understanding how individuals make sense of health, illness and chronic illnesses is an important first step to developing practical interventions.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title>
<p>Six focus group discussions with lay people (N= 51) in Accra, Nkoranza and Kintampo to explore: (1) knowledge of prevalent chronic diseases in Ghana; (2) chronic disease causal theories; and (3) chronic disease treatment.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="results"><title>Results</title>
<p>Nineteen conditions were listed cumulatively. Diabetes and hypertension were listed by all groups. Rural groups included HIV/AIDS on their list as well as diseases with alleged spiritual roots, in particular epilepsy and sickle cell disease. Multiple causal theories were presented for diabetes and hypertension; cancers were attributed to toxic foods; asthma attributed to environmental pollution. Biomedical care was preferred by the majority. Lay representations were drawn from multiple sources: medical professionals and chronically ill individuals were the most legitimate knowledge sources.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusions"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>This study provides insights on how lay representations of common chronic diseases and their major risk factors provide public health specialists with the conceptual tools to develop primary prevention strategies. The first challenge will be to train health experts to provide accurate information in practical language that lay people can understand and apply to their daily lives. A second challenge will be to develop sustainable behaviour-change interventions. Best practices from other African countries can inform interventions in Ghana.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Ghana Med J</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Ghana Medical Journal</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9560</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Ghana Medical Association</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23661819</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3645147</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jGMJ.v46.i2S.pg59</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Articles</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Lay Representations of Chronic Diseases in Ghana: Implications for Primary Prevention</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Graft Aikins</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Anum</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Agyemang</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Addo</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ogedegbe</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>1</label>
Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>2</label>
LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>
Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>4</label>
Department of Social Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A5"><label>5</label>
Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, UK</aff>
<aff id="A6"><label>6</label>
Division of General Internal Medicine at the School of Medicine, New York University, New York, US</aff>
<author-notes><corresp><bold>Corresponding Author:</bold>
Dr. Ama de-Graft Aikins <bold>Email:</bold>
<email>adaikins@ug.edu.gh</email>
; <email>a.de-graft-aikins@lse.ac.uk</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Conflict of Interest:</bold>
None declared</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>6</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<issue>2 Suppl</issue>
<fpage>59</fpage>
<lpage>68</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © Ghana Medical Association 2012</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract abstract-type="executive-summary"><title>Summary</title>
<sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Ghana's health system is ill-equipped to tackle the country's double burden of infectious and chronic diseases. The current focus is on empowering lay communities to adopt healthy practices to prevent chronic diseases. Understanding how individuals make sense of health, illness and chronic illnesses is an important first step to developing practical interventions.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title>
<p>Six focus group discussions with lay people (N= 51) in Accra, Nkoranza and Kintampo to explore: (1) knowledge of prevalent chronic diseases in Ghana; (2) chronic disease causal theories; and (3) chronic disease treatment.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="results"><title>Results</title>
<p>Nineteen conditions were listed cumulatively. Diabetes and hypertension were listed by all groups. Rural groups included HIV/AIDS on their list as well as diseases with alleged spiritual roots, in particular epilepsy and sickle cell disease. Multiple causal theories were presented for diabetes and hypertension; cancers were attributed to toxic foods; asthma attributed to environmental pollution. Biomedical care was preferred by the majority. Lay representations were drawn from multiple sources: medical professionals and chronically ill individuals were the most legitimate knowledge sources.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusions"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>This study provides insights on how lay representations of common chronic diseases and their major risk factors provide public health specialists with the conceptual tools to develop primary prevention strategies. The first challenge will be to train health experts to provide accurate information in practical language that lay people can understand and apply to their daily lives. A second challenge will be to develop sustainable behaviour-change interventions. Best practices from other African countries can inform interventions in Ghana.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>lay representations</kwd>
<kwd>chronic diseases</kwd>
<kwd>primary prevention</kwd>
<kwd>lifestyle modification</kwd>
<kwd>Ghana</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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