Diet and mortality rates in Sub-Saharan Africa: Stages in the nutrition transition
Identifieur interne : 000390 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000389; suivant : 000391Diet and mortality rates in Sub-Saharan Africa: Stages in the nutrition transition
Auteurs : Zulfa Abrahams [Afrique du Sud] ; Zandile Mchiza [Afrique du Sud] ; Nelia P. Steyn [Afrique du Sud]Source :
- BMC Public Health [ 1471-2458 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
During the last century we have seen wide-reaching changes in diet, nutritional status and life expectancy. The change in diet and physical activity patterns has become known as the nutrition transition. At any given time, a country or region within a country may be at different stages within this transition. This paper examines a range of nutrition-related indicators for countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and attempts to develop a typical model of a country in transition.
Based on the availability of data, 40 countries in SSA were selected for analysis. Data were obtained from the World Health Organisation, Demographic and Health Surveys and the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) was used to explore the determinants of infant mortality. A six point score was developed to identify each country's stage in the nutrition transition.
MLRA showed that underweight-for-age, protein and the percentage of exclusively breastfed infants were associated with the infant mortality rate (IMR). The majority of countries (n = 26) used in the analysis had nutrition transition scores of zero and one. Most of them had a high prevalence of infant mortality, children that were stunted or underweight-for-age, small percentages of women that were overweight and obese, and low intakes of energy, protein, and fat. Countries with the highest scores include South Africa, Ghana, Gabon, Cape Verde and Senegal which had relatively low IMRs, high levels of obesity/overweight, and low levels of underweight in women, as well as high intakes of energy and fat. These countries display classic signs of a population well established in the nutrition-related non-communicable disease phase of the nutrition transition.
Countries in SSA are clearly undergoing a nutrition transition. More than half of them are still in the early stage, while a few have reached a point where changes in dietary patterns are affecting health outcomes in a large portion of the population. Those in the early stage of the transition are especially important, since primordial prevention can still be introduced.
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DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-801
PubMed: 21995618
PubMed Central: 3209469
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Steyn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Centre for the Study of Social and Environmental Determinants of Nutrition, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for the Study of Social and Environmental Determinants of Nutrition, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC Public Health</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-2458</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>During the last century we have seen wide-reaching changes in diet, nutritional status and life expectancy. The change in diet and physical activity patterns has become known as the nutrition transition. At any given time, a country or region within a country may be at different stages within this transition. This paper examines a range of nutrition-related indicators for countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and attempts to develop a typical model of a country in transition.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Based on the availability of data, 40 countries in SSA were selected for analysis. Data were obtained from the World Health Organisation, Demographic and Health Surveys and the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) was used to explore the determinants of infant mortality. A six point score was developed to identify each country's stage in the nutrition transition.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>MLRA showed that underweight-for-age, protein and the percentage of exclusively breastfed infants were associated with the infant mortality rate (IMR). The majority of countries (n = 26) used in the analysis had nutrition transition scores of zero and one. Most of them had a high prevalence of infant mortality, children that were stunted or underweight-for-age, small percentages of women that were overweight and obese, and low intakes of energy, protein, and fat. Countries with the highest scores include South Africa, Ghana, Gabon, Cape Verde and Senegal which had relatively low IMRs, high levels of obesity/overweight, and low levels of underweight in women, as well as high intakes of energy and fat. These countries display classic signs of a population well established in the nutrition-related non-communicable disease phase of the nutrition transition.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Countries in SSA are clearly undergoing a nutrition transition. More than half of them are still in the early stage, while a few have reached a point where changes in dietary patterns are affecting health outcomes in a large portion of the population. Those in the early stage of the transition are especially important, since primordial prevention can still be introduced.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Amuna, P" uniqKey="Amuna P">P Amuna</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zotor, F" uniqKey="Zotor F">F Zotor</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Omran, Ar" uniqKey="Omran A">AR Omran</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Popkin, Bm" uniqKey="Popkin B">BM Popkin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Popkin, Bm" uniqKey="Popkin B">BM Popkin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Popkin, Bm" uniqKey="Popkin B">BM Popkin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Unwin, N" uniqKey="Unwin N">N Unwin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alberti, G" uniqKey="Alberti G">G Alberti</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Popkin, Bm" uniqKey="Popkin B">BM Popkin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Doak, Cm" uniqKey="Doak C">CM Doak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adair, Ls" uniqKey="Adair L">LS Adair</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bentley, M" uniqKey="Bentley M">M Bentley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Monteiro, C" uniqKey="Monteiro C">C Monteiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Popkin, Bm" uniqKey="Popkin B">BM Popkin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maher, D" uniqKey="Maher D">D Maher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smeeth, L" uniqKey="Smeeth L">L Smeeth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sekajugo, J" uniqKey="Sekajugo J">J Sekajugo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bourne, Lt" uniqKey="Bourne L">LT Bourne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langenhoven, Ml" uniqKey="Langenhoven M">ML Langenhoven</name></author><author><name sortKey="Steyn, K" uniqKey="Steyn K">K Steyn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jooste, Pl" uniqKey="Jooste P">PL Jooste</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laubscher, Ja" uniqKey="Laubscher J">JA Laubscher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bourne, De" uniqKey="Bourne D">DE Bourne</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Steyn, K" uniqKey="Steyn K">K Steyn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bourne, L" uniqKey="Bourne L">L Bourne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jooste, P" uniqKey="Jooste P">P Jooste</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fourie, Jm" uniqKey="Fourie J">JM Fourie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rossouw, K" uniqKey="Rossouw K">K Rossouw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lombard, C" uniqKey="Lombard C">C Lombard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Garrett, J" uniqKey="Garrett J">J Garrett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ruel, M" uniqKey="Ruel M">M Ruel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zere, A" uniqKey="Zere A">A Zere</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcintyre, D" uniqKey="Mcintyre D">D McIntyre</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Unwin, N" uniqKey="Unwin N">N Unwin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Setel, P" uniqKey="Setel P">P Setel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rashid, S" uniqKey="Rashid S">S Rashid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Magusi, F" uniqKey="Magusi F">F Magusi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mbanya, J" uniqKey="Mbanya J">J Mbanya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kitange, H" uniqKey="Kitange H">H Kitange</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, L" uniqKey="Hayes L">L Hayes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Edwards, R" uniqKey="Edwards R">R Edwards</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aspray, T" uniqKey="Aspray T">T Aspray</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alberti" uniqKey="Alberti">Alberti</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Earl, R" uniqKey="Earl R">R Earl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Borra, St" uniqKey="Borra S">ST Borra</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Laquatra, I" uniqKey="Laquatra I">I Laquatra</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Masuy Stroobant, G" uniqKey="Masuy Stroobant G">G Masuy-Stroobant</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gourbin, C" uniqKey="Gourbin C">C Gourbin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harrtgen, K" uniqKey="Harrtgen K">K Harrtgen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Misselhorn, M" uniqKey="Misselhorn M">M Misselhorn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adetunji, J" uniqKey="Adetunji J">J Adetunji</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bos, Er" uniqKey="Bos E">ER Bos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Garenne, M" uniqKey="Garenne M">M Garenne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gakusi, E" uniqKey="Gakusi E">E Gakusi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chopra, M" uniqKey="Chopra M">M Chopra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Darnton Hill, I" uniqKey="Darnton Hill I">I Darnton-Hill</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adair, Ls" uniqKey="Adair L">LS Adair</name></author><author><name sortKey="Prentice, Am" uniqKey="Prentice A">AM Prentice</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">BMC Public Health</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>BMC Public Health</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1471-2458</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21995618</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3209469</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1471-2458-11-801</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1471-2458-11-801</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Diet and mortality rates in Sub-Saharan Africa: Stages in the nutrition transition</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="A1"><name><surname>Abrahams</surname><given-names>Zulfa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>zabrahams@hsrc.ac.za</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A2"><name><surname>Mchiza</surname><given-names>Zandile</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>zmchiza@hsrc.ac.za</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A3"><name><surname>Steyn</surname><given-names>Nelia P</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>npsteyn@hsrc.ac.za</email></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><label>1</label>Centre for the Study of Social and Environmental Determinants of Nutrition, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Cape Town, South Africa</aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><fpage>801</fpage><lpage>801</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>30</day><month>6</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright ©2011 Abrahams et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Abrahams et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/801"></self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>During the last century we have seen wide-reaching changes in diet, nutritional status and life expectancy. The change in diet and physical activity patterns has become known as the nutrition transition. At any given time, a country or region within a country may be at different stages within this transition. This paper examines a range of nutrition-related indicators for countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and attempts to develop a typical model of a country in transition.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Based on the availability of data, 40 countries in SSA were selected for analysis. Data were obtained from the World Health Organisation, Demographic and Health Surveys and the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) was used to explore the determinants of infant mortality. A six point score was developed to identify each country's stage in the nutrition transition.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>MLRA showed that underweight-for-age, protein and the percentage of exclusively breastfed infants were associated with the infant mortality rate (IMR). The majority of countries (n = 26) used in the analysis had nutrition transition scores of zero and one. Most of them had a high prevalence of infant mortality, children that were stunted or underweight-for-age, small percentages of women that were overweight and obese, and low intakes of energy, protein, and fat. Countries with the highest scores include South Africa, Ghana, Gabon, Cape Verde and Senegal which had relatively low IMRs, high levels of obesity/overweight, and low levels of underweight in women, as well as high intakes of energy and fat. These countries display classic signs of a population well established in the nutrition-related non-communicable disease phase of the nutrition transition.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Countries in SSA are clearly undergoing a nutrition transition. More than half of them are still in the early stage, while a few have reached a point where changes in dietary patterns are affecting health outcomes in a large portion of the population. Those in the early stage of the transition are especially important, since primordial prevention can still be introduced.</p></sec></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li></country></list><tree><country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Abrahams, Zulfa" sort="Abrahams, Zulfa" uniqKey="Abrahams Z" first="Zulfa" last="Abrahams">Zulfa Abrahams</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Mchiza, Zandile" sort="Mchiza, Zandile" uniqKey="Mchiza Z" first="Zandile" last="Mchiza">Zandile Mchiza</name><name sortKey="Steyn, Nelia P" sort="Steyn, Nelia P" uniqKey="Steyn N" first="Nelia P" last="Steyn">Nelia P. Steyn</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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