SidaGhanaV1, PascalFrancis, Curation, bibRecord, 000088

Prevalence of Persistent and Latent Viruses in Untreated Patients Infected With HIV-1 From Ghana, West Africa

Identifieur interne : 000088 ( PascalFrancis/Curation ); précédent : 000087; suivant : 000089

Prevalence of Persistent and Latent Viruses in Untreated Patients Infected With HIV-1 From Ghana, West Africa

Auteurs : Lara Isobel Compston [Royaume-Uni] ; CHENGYAO LI [République populaire de Chine] ; Francis Sarkodie [Ghana] ; Shirley Owusu-Ofori [Ghana] ; Ohene Opare-Sem [Ghana] ; Jean-Pierre Allain [Royaume-Uni]

Source :

Journal of medical virology [ 0146-6615 ] ; 2009.

RBID : Pascal:09-0421865

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Virus immunodéficience humaine, Herpesviridae, Virus hépatite B, Virus hépatite G, Prévalence, Epidémiologie, Ghana, Afrique Ouest, Hépatite virale B, Parvovirus, Afrique subsaharienne, SIDA, Immunodéficit.
Wicri :
- geographic : Ghana.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- AIDS, Epidemiology, Ghana, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis G virus, Herpesviridae, Human immunodeficiency virus, Immune deficiency, Parvovirus, Prevalence, Sub-Saharan Africa, Viral hepatitis B, West Africa.

Abstract

Only limited epidemiological data, pertaining to the prevalence of common persistent viruses has been reported in Ghana. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of persistent viruses in individuals with untreated HIV-1 infection and uninfected blood donors. Paired plasma and cellular samples from HIV-negative blood donors, asymptomatic HIV and symptomatic/ AIDS cohorts were screened by multiplex PCR then qPCR for parvovirus B19 (B19V), hepatitis B virus (HBV), GB virus-C (GBV-C), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). IgG antibodies specific to each target virus were tested to determine exposure rates. No evidence of viraemia was found for B19V and VZV in any group. Prevalence of GBV-C plasma viraemia was significantly higher in asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV infection (16.7%) and (16.2%) than in blood donors (4%) P<0.005. Occult HBV infection was significantly more frequent in symptomatic HIV infection (10.9%) compared to asymptomatic HIV (3.6%) and blood donors (1.6%) P<0.005. Although there was a high background of EBV viraemia in cellular fractions of blood donors (8.3%), it was significantly higher in asymptomatic (44.6%) and symptomatic HIV (14.6%) P<0.0001. For CMV, the significantly increased prevalence of viraemia was only observed in the plasma fraction of the symptomatic HIV-1/AIDS patients (7.6%) compared to asymptomatic individuals (1.8%) and blood donors (0.8%) P≤0.001. The background seroprevalence in blood donors was high for B19V (≥64%), HBV (≥70%), CMV and EBV (>90%) and was significantly increased in HIV infections for HBV, CMV, VZV (symptomatic HIV), and HHV-8 (asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV).

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C03	`01`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Virus immunodéficience humaine @2 NW @5 01`
C03	`01`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Human immunodeficiency virus @2 NW @5 01`
C03	`01`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Human immunodeficiency virus @2 NW @5 01`
C03	`02`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Herpesviridae @2 NW @5 02`
C03	`02`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Herpesviridae @2 NW @5 02`
C03	`02`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Herpesviridae @2 NW @5 02`
C03	`03`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Virus hépatite B @2 NW @5 03`
C03	`03`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Hepatitis B virus @2 NW @5 03`
C03	`03`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Hepatitis B virus @2 NW @5 03`
C03	`04`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Virus hépatite G @2 NW @5 04`
C03	`04`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Hepatitis G virus @2 NW @5 04`
C03	`04`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Hepatitis G virus @2 NW @5 04`
C03	`05`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Prévalence @5 05`
C03	`05`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Prevalence @5 05`
C03	`05`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Prevalencia @5 05`
C03	`06`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Epidémiologie @5 06`
C03	`06`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Epidemiology @5 06`
C03	`06`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Epidemiología @5 06`
C03	`07`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Ghana @2 NG @5 07`
C03	`07`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Ghana @2 NG @5 07`
C03	`07`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Ghana @2 NG @5 07`
C03	`08`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Afrique Ouest @2 NG @5 08`
C03	`08`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 West Africa @2 NG @5 08`
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C03	`09`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Hépatite virale B @5 09`
C03	`09`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Viral hepatitis B @5 09`
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C03	`10`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Parvovirus @2 NW @5 10`
C03	`10`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Parvovirus @2 NW @5 10`
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C03	`11`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Afrique subsaharienne @2 NG @5 11`
C03	`11`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Sub-Saharan Africa @2 NG @5 11`
C03	`11`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Africa subsahariana @2 NG @5 11`
C03	`12`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 SIDA @5 14`
C03	`12`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 AIDS @5 14`
C03	`12`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 SIDA @5 14`
C03	`13`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Immunodéficit @5 15`
C03	`13`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Immune deficiency @5 15`
C03	`13`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Inmunodeficiencia @5 15`
C07	`01`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Lentivirus @2 NW`
C07	`01`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Lentivirus @2 NW`
C07	`01`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Lentivirus @2 NW`
C07	`02`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Retroviridae @2 NW`
C07	`02`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Retroviridae @2 NW`
C07	`02`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Retroviridae @2 NW`
C07	`03`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Virus @2 NW`
C07	`03`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Virus @2 NW`
C07	`03`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Virus @2 NW`
C07	`04`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Orthohepadnavirus @2 NW`
C07	`04`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Orthohepadnavirus @2 NW`
C07	`04`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Orthohepadnavirus @2 NW`
C07	`05`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Hepadnaviridae @2 NW`
C07	`05`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Hepadnaviridae @2 NW`
C07	`05`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Hepadnaviridae @2 NW`
C07	`06`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Flavivirus @2 NW`
C07	`06`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Flavivirus @2 NW`
C07	`06`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Flavivirus @2 NW`
C07	`07`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Flaviviridae @2 NW`
C07	`07`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Flaviviridae @2 NW`
C07	`07`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Flaviviridae @2 NW`
C07	`08`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Afrique @2 NG`
C07	`08`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Africa @2 NG`
C07	`08`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Africa @2 NG`
C07	`09`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Virose`
C07	`09`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Viral disease`
C07	`09`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Virosis`
C07	`10`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Infection`
C07	`10`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Infection`
C07	`10`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Infección`
C07	`11`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Parvovirinae @2 NW`
C07	`11`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Parvovirinae @2 NW`
C07	`11`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Parvovirinae @2 NW`
C07	`12`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Parvoviridae @2 NW`
C07	`12`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Parvoviridae @2 NW`
C07	`12`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Parvoviridae @2 NW`
C07	`13`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Immunopathologie @5 16`
C07	`13`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Immunopathology @5 16`
C07	`13`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Inmunopatología @5 16`
C07	`14`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Pathologie de l'appareil digestif @5 17`
C07	`14`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Digestive diseases @5 17`
C07	`14`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Aparato digestivo patología @5 17`
C07	`15`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Pathologie du foie @5 18`
C07	`15`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Hepatic disease @5 18`
C07	`15`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Hígado patología @5 18`
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Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Sarkodie, Francis" sort="Sarkodie, Francis" uniqKey="Sarkodie F" first="Francis" last="Sarkodie">Francis Sarkodie</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Owusu Ofori, Shirley" sort="Owusu Ofori, Shirley" uniqKey="Owusu Ofori S" first="Shirley" last="Owusu-Ofori">Shirley Owusu-Ofori</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Allain, Jean Pierre" sort="Allain, Jean Pierre" uniqKey="Allain J" first="Jean-Pierre" last="Allain">Jean-Pierre Allain</name>
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<series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of medical virology</title>
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<term>Hepatitis B virus</term>
<term>Hepatitis G virus</term>
<term>Herpesviridae</term>
<term>Human immunodeficiency virus</term>
<term>Immune deficiency</term>
<term>Parvovirus</term>
<term>Prevalence</term>
<term>Sub-Saharan Africa</term>
<term>Viral hepatitis B</term>
<term>West Africa</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Virus immunodéficience humaine</term>
<term>Herpesviridae</term>
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<term>Prévalence</term>
<term>Epidémiologie</term>
<term>Ghana</term>
<term>Afrique Ouest</term>
<term>Hépatite virale B</term>
<term>Parvovirus</term>
<term>Afrique subsaharienne</term>
<term>SIDA</term>
<term>Immunodéficit</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Only limited epidemiological data, pertaining to the prevalence of common persistent viruses has been reported in Ghana. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of persistent viruses in individuals with untreated HIV-1 infection and uninfected blood donors. Paired plasma and cellular samples from HIV-negative blood donors, asymptomatic HIV and symptomatic/ AIDS cohorts were screened by multiplex PCR then qPCR for parvovirus B19 (B19V), hepatitis B virus (HBV), GB virus-C (GBV-C), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). IgG antibodies specific to each target virus were tested to determine exposure rates. No evidence of viraemia was found for B19V and VZV in any group. Prevalence of GBV-C plasma viraemia was significantly higher in asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV infection (16.7%) and (16.2%) than in blood donors (4%) P<0.005. Occult HBV infection was significantly more frequent in symptomatic HIV infection (10.9%) compared to asymptomatic HIV (3.6%) and blood donors (1.6%) P<0.005. Although there was a high background of EBV viraemia in cellular fractions of blood donors (8.3%), it was significantly higher in asymptomatic (44.6%) and symptomatic HIV (14.6%) P<0.0001. For CMV, the significantly increased prevalence of viraemia was only observed in the plasma fraction of the symptomatic HIV-1/AIDS patients (7.6%) compared to asymptomatic individuals (1.8%) and blood donors (0.8%) P≤0.001. The background seroprevalence in blood donors was high for B19V (≥64%), HBV (≥70%), CMV and EBV (>90%) and was significantly increased in HIV infections for HBV, CMV, VZV (symptomatic HIV), and HHV-8 (asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV).</div>
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</fA06>
<fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Prevalence of Persistent and Latent Viruses in Untreated Patients Infected With HIV-1 From Ghana, West Africa</s1>
</fA08>
<fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>ISOBEL COMPSTON (Lara)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>CHENGYAO LI</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>SARKODIE (Francis)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>OWUSU-OFORI (Shirley)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>OPARE-SEM (Ohene)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>ALLAIN (Jean-Pierre)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Haematology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Blood Centre</s1>
<s2>Cambridge</s2>
<s3>GBR</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="02"><s1>School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University</s1>
<s2>Guangzhou</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="03"><s1>Transfusion Medicine Unit, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital</s1>
<s2>Kumasi</s2>
<s3>GHA</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital</s1>
<s2>Kumasi</s2>
<s3>GHA</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA20><s1>1860-1868</s1>
</fA20>
<fA21><s1>2009</s1>
</fA21>
<fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0>
</fA23>
<fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1>
<s2>17422</s2>
<s5>354000170266010030</s5>
</fA43>
<fA44><s0>0000</s0>
<s1>© 2009 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1>
</fA44>
<fA45><s0>1 p.1/4</s0>
</fA45>
<fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>09-0421865</s0>
</fA47>
<fA60><s1>P</s1>
</fA60>
<fA61><s0>A</s0>
</fA61>
<fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Journal of medical virology</s0>
</fA64>
<fA66 i1="01"><s0>USA</s0>
</fA66>
<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Only limited epidemiological data, pertaining to the prevalence of common persistent viruses has been reported in Ghana. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of persistent viruses in individuals with untreated HIV-1 infection and uninfected blood donors. Paired plasma and cellular samples from HIV-negative blood donors, asymptomatic HIV and symptomatic/ AIDS cohorts were screened by multiplex PCR then qPCR for parvovirus B19 (B19V), hepatitis B virus (HBV), GB virus-C (GBV-C), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). IgG antibodies specific to each target virus were tested to determine exposure rates. No evidence of viraemia was found for B19V and VZV in any group. Prevalence of GBV-C plasma viraemia was significantly higher in asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV infection (16.7%) and (16.2%) than in blood donors (4%) P<0.005. Occult HBV infection was significantly more frequent in symptomatic HIV infection (10.9%) compared to asymptomatic HIV (3.6%) and blood donors (1.6%) P<0.005. Although there was a high background of EBV viraemia in cellular fractions of blood donors (8.3%), it was significantly higher in asymptomatic (44.6%) and symptomatic HIV (14.6%) P<0.0001. For CMV, the significantly increased prevalence of viraemia was only observed in the plasma fraction of the symptomatic HIV-1/AIDS patients (7.6%) compared to asymptomatic individuals (1.8%) and blood donors (0.8%) P≤0.001. The background seroprevalence in blood donors was high for B19V (≥64%), HBV (≥70%), CMV and EBV (>90%) and was significantly increased in HIV infections for HBV, CMV, VZV (symptomatic HIV), and HHV-8 (asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV).</s0>
</fC01>
<fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002A05C10</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="02" i2="X"><s0>002B05C02J</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="03" i2="X"><s0>002A05C06</s0>
</fC02>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virus immunodéficience humaine</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Human immunodeficiency virus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Human immunodeficiency virus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Herpesviridae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Herpesviridae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Herpesviridae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virus hépatite B</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hepatitis B virus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hepatitis B virus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virus hépatite G</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hepatitis G virus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hepatitis G virus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Prévalence</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Prevalence</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Prevalencia</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Epidémiologie</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Epidemiology</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Epidemiología</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Ghana</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Ghana</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Ghana</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Afrique Ouest</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>West Africa</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Africa occidental</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Hépatite virale B</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Viral hepatitis B</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hepatitis vírica B</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Parvovirus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Parvovirus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Parvovirus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Afrique subsaharienne</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Sub-Saharan Africa</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Africa subsahariana</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>SIDA</s0>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>AIDS</s0>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>SIDA</s0>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Immunodéficit</s0>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Immune deficiency</s0>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Inmunodeficiencia</s0>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Lentivirus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Lentivirus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Lentivirus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Retroviridae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Retroviridae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Retroviridae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Virus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Virus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Orthohepadnavirus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Orthohepadnavirus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Orthohepadnavirus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Hepadnaviridae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hepadnaviridae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hepadnaviridae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Flavivirus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Flavivirus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Flavivirus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Flaviviridae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Flaviviridae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Flaviviridae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Afrique</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Africa</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Africa</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virose</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Viral disease</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Virosis</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Infection</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Infection</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Infección</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Parvovirinae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Parvovirinae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Parvovirinae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Parvoviridae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Parvoviridae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Parvoviridae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="13" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Immunopathologie</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="13" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Immunopathology</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="13" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Inmunopatología</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="14" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pathologie de l'appareil digestif</s0>
<s5>17</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="14" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Digestive diseases</s0>
<s5>17</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="14" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Aparato digestivo patología</s0>
<s5>17</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="15" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pathologie du foie</s0>
<s5>18</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="15" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hepatic disease</s0>
<s5>18</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="15" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hígado patología</s0>
<s5>18</s5>
</fC07>
<fN21><s1>306</s1>
</fN21>
<fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1>
</fN44>
<fN82><s1>OTO</s1>
</fN82>
</pA>
</standard>
</inist>
</record>

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	Le SIDA au Ghana (serveur d'exploration)
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Le SIDA au Ghana (serveur d'exploration)

Prevalence of Persistent and Latent Viruses in Untreated Patients Infected With HIV-1 From Ghana, West Africa

Prevalence of Persistent and Latent Viruses in Untreated Patients Infected With HIV-1 From Ghana, West Africa

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