Prevalence and Impact of Hepatitis B and C Virus Co-Infections in Antiretroviral Treatment Naive Patients With HIV Infection at a Major Treatment Center in Ghana
Identifieur interne : 000019 ( PascalFrancis/Corpus ); précédent : 000018; suivant : 000020Prevalence and Impact of Hepatitis B and C Virus Co-Infections in Antiretroviral Treatment Naive Patients With HIV Infection at a Major Treatment Center in Ghana
Auteurs : Kwamena William Coleman Sagoe ; Afrakoma Adjoa Agyei ; Francesca Ziga ; Margaret Lartey ; Theophilus K. Adiku ; Makafui Seshi Max Q. Arens ; Julius Abraham Addo MingleSource :
- Journal of medical virology [ 0146-6615 ] ; 2012.
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Abstract
Data on the effects of the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients co-infected with these viruses and HIV in West Africa are conflicting and little information is available in Ghana. A cohort of 138 treatment naïve individuals infected with HIV was screened for HBV and HCV serologic markers; HBsAg positive patients were tested for HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc IgM. The viral load of HIV-1 in the plasma was determined in 81 patients. Eighteen of the 138 patients (13%) and 5 (3.6%) had HBsAg and anti-HCV, respectively. None of the patients had anti-HBc IgM, but 10 (55.6%) and 8 (44.4%) of the 18 patients who were HBsAg positive had HBeAg and anti-HBe, respectively. In patients with measurement of CD4+ undertaken within 1 month (n = 83), CD4+ count was significantly lower in patients with HBeAg (median [IQR], 81 [22-144]) as compared to those with anti-HBe (median [IQR], 210 [197-222]) (P= 0.002, CI: -96.46 to 51.21). However, those with HIV mono-infection had similar CD4+ counts (median [IQR], 57 [14-159]) compared to those with HBeAg (P= 1.0, CI: -71.75 to 73.66). Similar results were obtained if CD4+ count was measured within 2 months prior to initiation of HAART (n = 119). Generally, HBV and anti-HCV did not affect CD4+ and viral loads of HIV-1 in plasma but patients with HIV and HBV co-infection who had HBeAg had more severe immune suppression as compared to those with anti-HBe. This may have implication for initiating HAART in HBV endemic areas.
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Format Inist (serveur)
| NO : | PASCAL 12-0195630 INIST |
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| ET : | Prevalence and Impact of Hepatitis B and C Virus Co-Infections in Antiretroviral Treatment Naive Patients With HIV Infection at a Major Treatment Center in Ghana |
| AU : | COLEMAN SAGOE (Kwamena William); ADJOA AGYEI (Afrakoma); ZIGA (Francesca); LARTEY (Margaret); ADIKU (Theophilus K.); ARENS (Makafui Seshi/ Max Q.); ADDO MINGLE (Julius Abraham) |
| AF : | Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School/Accra/Ghana (1 aut., 5 aut., 7 aut.); Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School/Accra/Ghana (2 aut., 4 aut.); Pharmacy Department, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital/Accra/Ghana (3 aut.); Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University Medical School/St. Louis, Missouri/Etats-Unis (6 aut.) |
| DT : | Publication en série; Niveau analytique |
| SO : | Journal of medical virology; ISSN 0146-6615; Coden JMVIDB; Etats-Unis; Da. 2012; Vol. 84; No. 1; Pp. 6-10; Bibl. 3/4 p. |
| LA : | Anglais |
| EA : | Data on the effects of the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients co-infected with these viruses and HIV in West Africa are conflicting and little information is available in Ghana. A cohort of 138 treatment naïve individuals infected with HIV was screened for HBV and HCV serologic markers; HBsAg positive patients were tested for HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc IgM. The viral load of HIV-1 in the plasma was determined in 81 patients. Eighteen of the 138 patients (13%) and 5 (3.6%) had HBsAg and anti-HCV, respectively. None of the patients had anti-HBc IgM, but 10 (55.6%) and 8 (44.4%) of the 18 patients who were HBsAg positive had HBeAg and anti-HBe, respectively. In patients with measurement of CD4+ undertaken within 1 month (n = 83), CD4+ count was significantly lower in patients with HBeAg (median [IQR], 81 [22-144]) as compared to those with anti-HBe (median [IQR], 210 [197-222]) (P= 0.002, CI: -96.46 to 51.21). However, those with HIV mono-infection had similar CD4+ counts (median [IQR], 57 [14-159]) compared to those with HBeAg (P= 1.0, CI: -71.75 to 73.66). Similar results were obtained if CD4+ count was measured within 2 months prior to initiation of HAART (n = 119). Generally, HBV and anti-HCV did not affect CD4+ and viral loads of HIV-1 in plasma but patients with HIV and HBV co-infection who had HBeAg had more severe immune suppression as compared to those with anti-HBe. This may have implication for initiating HAART in HBV endemic areas. |
| CC : | 002A05C10; 002B05C02J; 002A05C06 |
| FD : | Virus hépatite C; Virus hépatite B; Virus immunodéficience humaine; Prévalence; Epidémiologie; Antiviral; Antirétroviral; Traitement; Charge virale; Hépatite; Infection mixte; SIDA; Antigène CD4 |
| FG : | Hepacivirus; Flaviviridae; Virus; Orthohepadnavirus; Hepadnaviridae; Lentivirus; Retroviridae; Immunodéficit; Virose; Infection; Immunopathologie; Pathologie de l'appareil digestif; Pathologie du foie |
| ED : | Hepatitis C virus; Hepatitis B virus; Human immunodeficiency virus; Prevalence; Epidemiology; Antiviral; Antiretroviral agent; Treatment; Viral load; Hepatitis; Mixed infection; AIDS |
| EG : | Hepacivirus; Flaviviridae; Virus; Orthohepadnavirus; Hepadnaviridae; Lentivirus; Retroviridae; Immune deficiency; Viral disease; Infection; Immunopathology; Digestive diseases; Hepatic disease |
| SD : | Hepatitis C virus; Hepatitis B virus; Human immunodeficiency virus; Prevalencia; Epidemiología; Antiviral; Antiretroviral; Tratamiento; Carga vírica; Hepatitis; Infección mixta; SIDA |
| LO : | INIST-17422.354000509832130020 |
| ID : | 12-0195630 |
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Adiku</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School</s1><s2>Accra</s2><s3>GHA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arens, Makafui Seshi Max Q" sort="Arens, Makafui Seshi Max Q" uniqKey="Arens M" first="Makafui Seshi Max Q." last="Arens">Makafui Seshi Max Q. Arens</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University Medical School</s1><s2>St. Louis, Missouri</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Addo Mingle, Julius Abraham" sort="Addo Mingle, Julius Abraham" uniqKey="Addo Mingle J" first="Julius Abraham" last="Addo Mingle">Julius Abraham Addo Mingle</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School</s1><s2>Accra</s2><s3>GHA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of medical virology</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. med. virol.</title><idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of medical virology</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. med. virol.</title><idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>AIDS</term><term>Antiretroviral agent</term><term>Antiviral</term><term>Epidemiology</term><term>Hepatitis</term><term>Hepatitis B virus</term><term>Hepatitis C virus</term><term>Human immunodeficiency virus</term><term>Mixed infection</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Treatment</term><term>Viral load</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Virus hépatite C</term><term>Virus hépatite B</term><term>Virus immunodéficience humaine</term><term>Prévalence</term><term>Epidémiologie</term><term>Antiviral</term><term>Antirétroviral</term><term>Traitement</term><term>Charge virale</term><term>Hépatite</term><term>Infection mixte</term><term>SIDA</term><term>Antigène CD4</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Data on the effects of the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients co-infected with these viruses and HIV in West Africa are conflicting and little information is available in Ghana. A cohort of 138 treatment naïve individuals infected with HIV was screened for HBV and HCV serologic markers; HBsAg positive patients were tested for HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc IgM. The viral load of HIV-1 in the plasma was determined in 81 patients. Eighteen of the 138 patients (13%) and 5 (3.6%) had HBsAg and anti-HCV, respectively. None of the patients had anti-HBc IgM, but 10 (55.6%) and 8 (44.4%) of the 18 patients who were HBsAg positive had HBeAg and anti-HBe, respectively. In patients with measurement of CD4<sup>+</sup> undertaken within 1 month (n = 83), CD4<sup>+</sup> count was significantly lower in patients with HBeAg (median [IQR], 81 [22-144]) as compared to those with anti-HBe (median [IQR], 210 [197-222]) (P= 0.002, CI: -96.46 to 51.21). However, those with HIV mono-infection had similar CD4<sup>+</sup> counts (median [IQR], 57 [14-159]) compared to those with HBeAg (P= 1.0, CI: -71.75 to 73.66). Similar results were obtained if CD4<sup>+</sup> count was measured within 2 months prior to initiation of HAART (n = 119). Generally, HBV and anti-HCV did not affect CD4<sup>+</sup> and viral loads of HIV-1 in plasma but patients with HIV and HBV co-infection who had HBeAg had more severe immune suppression as compared to those with anti-HBe. This may have implication for initiating HAART in HBV endemic areas.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0146-6615</s0></fA01><fA02 i1="01"><s0>JMVIDB</s0></fA02><fA03 i2="1"><s0>J. med. virol.</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>84</s2></fA05><fA06><s2>1</s2></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Prevalence and Impact of Hepatitis B and C Virus Co-Infections in Antiretroviral Treatment Naive Patients With HIV Infection at a Major Treatment Center in Ghana</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>COLEMAN SAGOE (Kwamena William)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>ADJOA AGYEI (Afrakoma)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>ZIGA (Francesca)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>LARTEY (Margaret)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>ADIKU (Theophilus K.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>ARENS (Makafui Seshi/ Max Q.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>ADDO MINGLE (Julius Abraham)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School</s1><s2>Accra</s2><s3>GHA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School</s1><s2>Accra</s2><s3>GHA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="03"><s1>Pharmacy Department, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital</s1><s2>Accra</s2><s3>GHA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="04"><s1>Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University Medical School</s1><s2>St. Louis, Missouri</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA20><s1>6-10</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2012</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>17422</s2><s5>354000509832130020</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2012 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>3/4 p.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>12-0195630</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Journal of medical virology</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>USA</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Data on the effects of the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients co-infected with these viruses and HIV in West Africa are conflicting and little information is available in Ghana. A cohort of 138 treatment naïve individuals infected with HIV was screened for HBV and HCV serologic markers; HBsAg positive patients were tested for HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc IgM. The viral load of HIV-1 in the plasma was determined in 81 patients. Eighteen of the 138 patients (13%) and 5 (3.6%) had HBsAg and anti-HCV, respectively. None of the patients had anti-HBc IgM, but 10 (55.6%) and 8 (44.4%) of the 18 patients who were HBsAg positive had HBeAg and anti-HBe, respectively. In patients with measurement of CD4<sup>+</sup> undertaken within 1 month (n = 83), CD4<sup>+</sup> count was significantly lower in patients with HBeAg (median [IQR], 81 [22-144]) as compared to those with anti-HBe (median [IQR], 210 [197-222]) (P= 0.002, CI: -96.46 to 51.21). However, those with HIV mono-infection had similar CD4<sup>+</sup> counts (median [IQR], 57 [14-159]) compared to those with HBeAg (P= 1.0, CI: -71.75 to 73.66). Similar results were obtained if CD4<sup>+</sup> count was measured within 2 months prior to initiation of HAART (n = 119). Generally, HBV and anti-HCV did not affect CD4<sup>+</sup> and viral loads of HIV-1 in plasma but patients with HIV and HBV co-infection who had HBeAg had more severe immune suppression as compared to those with anti-HBe. This may have implication for initiating HAART in HBV endemic areas.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002A05C10</s0></fC02><fC02 i1="02" i2="X"><s0>002B05C02J</s0></fC02><fC02 i1="03" i2="X"><s0>002A05C06</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virus hépatite C</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hepatitis C virus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hepatitis C virus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virus hépatite B</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hepatitis B virus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hepatitis B virus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virus immunodéficience humaine</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Human immunodeficiency virus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Human immunodeficiency 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i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hepacivirus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hepacivirus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Flaviviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Flaviviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Flaviviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Virus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Virus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Orthohepadnavirus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Orthohepadnavirus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Orthohepadnavirus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Hepadnaviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hepadnaviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hepadnaviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Lentivirus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Lentivirus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Lentivirus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Retroviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Retroviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Retroviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Immunodéficit</s0><s5>13</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Immune deficiency</s0><s5>13</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Inmunodeficiencia</s0><s5>13</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virose</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Viral disease</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Virosis</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Infection</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Infection</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Infección</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Immunopathologie</s0><s5>17</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Immunopathology</s0><s5>17</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Inmunopatología</s0><s5>17</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pathologie de l'appareil digestif</s0><s5>18</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Digestive diseases</s0><s5>18</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Aparato digestivo patología</s0><s5>18</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="13" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pathologie du foie</s0><s5>19</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="13" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hepatic disease</s0><s5>19</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="13" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hígado patología</s0><s5>19</s5></fC07><fN21><s1>149</s1></fN21><fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1></fN44><fN82><s1>OTO</s1></fN82></pA></standard><server><NO>PASCAL 12-0195630 INIST</NO><ET>Prevalence and Impact of Hepatitis B and C Virus Co-Infections in Antiretroviral Treatment Naive Patients With HIV Infection at a Major Treatment Center in Ghana</ET><AU>COLEMAN SAGOE (Kwamena William); ADJOA AGYEI (Afrakoma); ZIGA (Francesca); LARTEY (Margaret); ADIKU (Theophilus K.); ARENS (Makafui Seshi/ Max Q.); ADDO MINGLE (Julius Abraham)</AU><AF>Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School/Accra/Ghana (1 aut., 5 aut., 7 aut.); Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School/Accra/Ghana (2 aut., 4 aut.); Pharmacy Department, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital/Accra/Ghana (3 aut.); Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University Medical School/St. Louis, Missouri/Etats-Unis (6 aut.)</AF><DT>Publication en série; Niveau analytique</DT><SO>Journal of medical virology; ISSN 0146-6615; Coden JMVIDB; Etats-Unis; Da. 2012; Vol. 84; No. 1; Pp. 6-10; Bibl. 3/4 p.</SO><LA>Anglais</LA><EA>Data on the effects of the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients co-infected with these viruses and HIV in West Africa are conflicting and little information is available in Ghana. A cohort of 138 treatment naïve individuals infected with HIV was screened for HBV and HCV serologic markers; HBsAg positive patients were tested for HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc IgM. The viral load of HIV-1 in the plasma was determined in 81 patients. Eighteen of the 138 patients (13%) and 5 (3.6%) had HBsAg and anti-HCV, respectively. None of the patients had anti-HBc IgM, but 10 (55.6%) and 8 (44.4%) of the 18 patients who were HBsAg positive had HBeAg and anti-HBe, respectively. In patients with measurement of CD4<sup>+</sup> undertaken within 1 month (n = 83), CD4<sup>+</sup> count was significantly lower in patients with HBeAg (median [IQR], 81 [22-144]) as compared to those with anti-HBe (median [IQR], 210 [197-222]) (P= 0.002, CI: -96.46 to 51.21). However, those with HIV mono-infection had similar CD4<sup>+</sup> counts (median [IQR], 57 [14-159]) compared to those with HBeAg (P= 1.0, CI: -71.75 to 73.66). Similar results were obtained if CD4<sup>+</sup> count was measured within 2 months prior to initiation of HAART (n = 119). Generally, HBV and anti-HCV did not affect CD4<sup>+</sup> and viral loads of HIV-1 in plasma but patients with HIV and HBV co-infection who had HBeAg had more severe immune suppression as compared to those with anti-HBe. This may have implication for initiating HAART in HBV endemic areas.</EA><CC>002A05C10; 002B05C02J; 002A05C06</CC><FD>Virus hépatite C; Virus hépatite B; Virus immunodéficience humaine; Prévalence; Epidémiologie; Antiviral; Antirétroviral; Traitement; Charge virale; Hépatite; Infection mixte; SIDA; Antigène CD4</FD><FG>Hepacivirus; Flaviviridae; Virus; Orthohepadnavirus; Hepadnaviridae; Lentivirus; Retroviridae; Immunodéficit; Virose; Infection; Immunopathologie; Pathologie de l'appareil digestif; Pathologie du foie</FG><ED>Hepatitis C virus; Hepatitis B virus; Human immunodeficiency virus; Prevalence; Epidemiology; Antiviral; Antiretroviral agent; Treatment; Viral load; Hepatitis; Mixed infection; AIDS</ED><EG>Hepacivirus; Flaviviridae; Virus; Orthohepadnavirus; Hepadnaviridae; Lentivirus; Retroviridae; Immune deficiency; Viral disease; Infection; Immunopathology; Digestive diseases; Hepatic disease</EG><SD>Hepatitis C virus; Hepatitis B virus; Human immunodeficiency virus; Prevalencia; Epidemiología; Antiviral; Antiretroviral; Tratamiento; Carga vírica; Hepatitis; Infección mixta; SIDA</SD><LO>INIST-17422.354000509832130020</LO><ID>12-0195630</ID></server></inist></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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