HPTN 068: A Randomized Control Trial of a Conditional Cash Transfer to Reduce HIV Infection in Young Women in South Africa-Study Design and Baseline Results.
Identifieur interne : 000946 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000945; suivant : 000947HPTN 068: A Randomized Control Trial of a Conditional Cash Transfer to Reduce HIV Infection in Young Women in South Africa-Study Design and Baseline Results.
Auteurs : Audrey Pettifor [États-Unis] ; Catherine Macphail [Afrique du Sud] ; Amanda Selin [États-Unis] ; F Xavier G Mez-Olivé [Afrique du Sud] ; Molly Rosenberg [États-Unis] ; Ryan G. Wagner [Afrique du Sud] ; Wonderful Mabuza [Afrique du Sud] ; James P. Hughes [États-Unis] ; Chirayath Suchindran [États-Unis] ; Estelle Piwowar-Manning [États-Unis] ; Jing Wang [États-Unis] ; Rhian Twine [Afrique du Sud] ; Tamu Daniel [États-Unis] ; Philip Andrew [États-Unis] ; Oliver Laeyendecker [États-Unis] ; Yaw Agyei [États-Unis] ; Stephen Tollman [Afrique du Sud] ; Kathleen Kahn [Afrique du Sud]Source :
- AIDS and behavior [ 1573-3254 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent, Adulte, Femelle, Herpès génital (), Herpès génital (épidémiologie), Humains, Incidence, Infections à VIH (), Infections à VIH (épidémiologie), Motivation, Partenaire sexuel, Pauvreté, Population d'origine africaine (), Population d'origine africaine (psychologie), Risque, Rémunération, République d'Afrique du Sud (épidémiologie), Éducation, Étudiants, Évaluation de résultat (soins).
- MESH :
- psychologie : Population d'origine africaine.
- épidémiologie : Herpès génital, Infections à VIH, République d'Afrique du Sud.
- Adolescent, Adulte, Femelle, Herpès génital, Humains, Incidence, Infections à VIH, Motivation, Partenaire sexuel, Pauvreté, Population d'origine africaine, Risque, Rémunération, Éducation, Étudiants, Évaluation de résultat (soins).
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent, Adult, African Continental Ancestry Group (psychology), African Continental Ancestry Group (statistics & numerical data), Education, Female, HIV Infections (epidemiology), HIV Infections (prevention & control), Herpes Genitalis (epidemiology), Herpes Genitalis (prevention & control), Humans, Incidence, Motivation, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Poverty, Remuneration, Risk, Sexual Partners, South Africa (epidemiology), Students.
- MESH :
- epidemiology : HIV Infections, Herpes Genitalis, South Africa.
- prevention & control : HIV Infections, Herpes Genitalis.
- psychology : African Continental Ancestry Group.
- statistics & numerical data : African Continental Ancestry Group.
- Adolescent, Adult, Education, Female, Humans, Incidence, Motivation, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Poverty, Remuneration, Risk, Sexual Partners, Students.
Abstract
Young women in South Africa are at high risk for HIV infection. Cash transfers offer promise to reduce HIV risk. We present the design and baseline results from HPTN 068, a phase III, individually randomized trial to assess the effect of a conditional cash transfer on HIV acquisition among South African young women. A total of 2533 young women were randomized to receive a monthly cash transfer conditional on school attendance or to a control group. A number of individual-, partner-, household- and school-level factors were associated with HIV and HSV-2 infection. After adjusting for age, all levels were associated with an increased odds of HIV infection with partner-level factors conveying the strongest association (aOR 3.05 95 % CI 1.84-5.06). Interventions like cash transfers that address structural factors such as schooling and poverty have the potential to reduce HIV risk in young women in South Africa.
DOI: 10.1007/s10461-015-1270-0
PubMed: 26891839
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Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andrew, Philip" sort="Andrew, Philip" uniqKey="Andrew P" first="Philip" last="Andrew">Philip Andrew</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>FHI360, Durham, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>FHI360, Durham, NC</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laeyendecker, Oliver" sort="Laeyendecker, Oliver" uniqKey="Laeyendecker O" first="Oliver" last="Laeyendecker">Oliver Laeyendecker</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agyei, Yaw" sort="Agyei, Yaw" uniqKey="Agyei Y" first="Yaw" last="Agyei">Yaw Agyei</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>HPTN Laboratory Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>HPTN Laboratory Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tollman, Stephen" sort="Tollman, Stephen" uniqKey="Tollman S" first="Stephen" last="Tollman">Stephen Tollman</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, 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Results.</title><author><name sortKey="Pettifor, Audrey" sort="Pettifor, Audrey" uniqKey="Pettifor A" first="Audrey" last="Pettifor">Audrey Pettifor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, McGavran Greenberg Building CB#7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. apettif@email.unc.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, McGavran Greenberg Building CB#7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>27599</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macphail, Catherine" sort="Macphail, Catherine" uniqKey="Macphail C" first="Catherine" last="Macphail">Catherine Macphail</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Selin, Amanda" sort="Selin, Amanda" uniqKey="Selin A" first="Amanda" last="Selin">Amanda Selin</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="G Mez Olive, F Xavier" sort="G Mez Olive, F Xavier" uniqKey="G Mez Olive F" first="F Xavier" last="G Mez-Olivé">F Xavier G Mez-Olivé</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenberg, Molly" sort="Rosenberg, Molly" uniqKey="Rosenberg M" first="Molly" last="Rosenberg">Molly Rosenberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region><settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Ryan G" sort="Wagner, Ryan G" uniqKey="Wagner R" first="Ryan G" last="Wagner">Ryan G. Wagner</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mabuza, Wonderful" sort="Mabuza, Wonderful" uniqKey="Mabuza W" first="Wonderful" last="Mabuza">Wonderful Mabuza</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hughes, James P" sort="Hughes, James P" uniqKey="Hughes J" first="James P" last="Hughes">James P. Hughes</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>SCHARP, Seattle, WA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>SCHARP, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suchindran, Chirayath" sort="Suchindran, Chirayath" uniqKey="Suchindran C" first="Chirayath" last="Suchindran">Chirayath Suchindran</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piwowar Manning, Estelle" sort="Piwowar Manning, Estelle" uniqKey="Piwowar Manning E" first="Estelle" last="Piwowar-Manning">Estelle Piwowar-Manning</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>HPTN Laboratory Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>HPTN Laboratory Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jing" sort="Wang, Jing" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jing" last="Wang">Jing Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>SCHARP, Seattle, WA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>SCHARP, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Twine, Rhian" sort="Twine, Rhian" uniqKey="Twine R" first="Rhian" last="Twine">Rhian Twine</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Daniel, Tamu" sort="Daniel, Tamu" uniqKey="Daniel T" first="Tamu" last="Daniel">Tamu Daniel</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andrew, Philip" sort="Andrew, Philip" uniqKey="Andrew P" first="Philip" last="Andrew">Philip Andrew</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>FHI360, Durham, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>FHI360, Durham, NC</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laeyendecker, Oliver" sort="Laeyendecker, Oliver" uniqKey="Laeyendecker O" first="Oliver" last="Laeyendecker">Oliver Laeyendecker</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agyei, Yaw" sort="Agyei, Yaw" uniqKey="Agyei Y" first="Yaw" last="Agyei">Yaw Agyei</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>HPTN Laboratory Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>HPTN Laboratory Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tollman, Stephen" sort="Tollman, Stephen" uniqKey="Tollman S" first="Stephen" last="Tollman">Stephen Tollman</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kahn, Kathleen" sort="Kahn, Kathleen" uniqKey="Kahn K" first="Kathleen" last="Kahn">Kathleen Kahn</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">AIDS and behavior</title><idno type="eISSN">1573-3254</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>African Continental Ancestry Group (psychology)</term><term>African Continental Ancestry Group (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Education</term><term>Female</term><term>HIV Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>HIV Infections (prevention & control)</term><term>Herpes Genitalis (epidemiology)</term><term>Herpes Genitalis (prevention & control)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Incidence</term><term>Motivation</term><term>Outcome Assessment (Health Care)</term><term>Poverty</term><term>Remuneration</term><term>Risk</term><term>Sexual Partners</term><term>South Africa (epidemiology)</term><term>Students</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Herpès génital ()</term><term>Herpès génital (épidémiologie)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Incidence</term><term>Infections à VIH ()</term><term>Infections à VIH (épidémiologie)</term><term>Motivation</term><term>Partenaire sexuel</term><term>Pauvreté</term><term>Population d'origine africaine ()</term><term>Population d'origine africaine (psychologie)</term><term>Risque</term><term>Rémunération</term><term>République d'Afrique du Sud (épidémiologie)</term><term>Éducation</term><term>Étudiants</term><term>Évaluation de résultat (soins)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term><term>Herpes Genitalis</term><term>South Africa</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term><term>Herpes Genitalis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Population d'origine africaine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychology" xml:lang="en"><term>African Continental Ancestry Group</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>African Continental Ancestry Group</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Herpès génital</term><term>Infections à VIH</term><term>République d'Afrique du Sud</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Education</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Incidence</term><term>Motivation</term><term>Outcome Assessment (Health Care)</term><term>Poverty</term><term>Remuneration</term><term>Risk</term><term>Sexual Partners</term><term>Students</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Herpès génital</term><term>Humains</term><term>Incidence</term><term>Infections à VIH</term><term>Motivation</term><term>Partenaire sexuel</term><term>Pauvreté</term><term>Population d'origine africaine</term><term>Risque</term><term>Rémunération</term><term>Éducation</term><term>Étudiants</term><term>Évaluation de résultat (soins)</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Young women in South Africa are at high risk for HIV infection. Cash transfers offer promise to reduce HIV risk. We present the design and baseline results from HPTN 068, a phase III, individually randomized trial to assess the effect of a conditional cash transfer on HIV acquisition among South African young women. A total of 2533 young women were randomized to receive a monthly cash transfer conditional on school attendance or to a control group. A number of individual-, partner-, household- and school-level factors were associated with HIV and HSV-2 infection. After adjusting for age, all levels were associated with an increased odds of HIV infection with partner-level factors conveying the strongest association (aOR 3.05 95 % CI 1.84-5.06). Interventions like cash transfers that address structural factors such as schooling and poverty have the potential to reduce HIV risk in young women in South Africa.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26891839</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>24</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>17</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>02</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1573-3254</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>20</Volume><Issue>9</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Sep</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>AIDS and behavior</Title><ISOAbbreviation>AIDS Behav</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>HPTN 068: A Randomized Control Trial of a Conditional Cash Transfer to Reduce HIV Infection in Young Women in South Africa-Study Design and Baseline Results.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1863-82</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s10461-015-1270-0</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Young women in South Africa are at high risk for HIV infection. Cash transfers offer promise to reduce HIV risk. We present the design and baseline results from HPTN 068, a phase III, individually randomized trial to assess the effect of a conditional cash transfer on HIV acquisition among South African young women. A total of 2533 young women were randomized to receive a monthly cash transfer conditional on school attendance or to a control group. A number of individual-, partner-, household- and school-level factors were associated with HIV and HSV-2 infection. After adjusting for age, all levels were associated with an increased odds of HIV infection with partner-level factors conveying the strongest association (aOR 3.05 95 % CI 1.84-5.06). Interventions like cash transfers that address structural factors such as schooling and poverty have the potential to reduce HIV risk in young women in South Africa.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pettifor</LastName><ForeName>Audrey</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, McGavran Greenberg Building CB#7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. apettif@email.unc.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. apettif@email.unc.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. apettif@email.unc.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. apettif@email.unc.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>MacPhail</LastName><ForeName>Catherine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Selin</LastName><ForeName>Amanda</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gómez-Olivé</LastName><ForeName>F Xavier</ForeName><Initials>FX</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rosenberg</LastName><ForeName>Molly</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wagner</LastName><ForeName>Ryan G</ForeName><Initials>RG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mabuza</LastName><ForeName>Wonderful</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hughes</LastName><ForeName>James P</ForeName><Initials>JP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>SCHARP, Seattle, WA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Suchindran</LastName><ForeName>Chirayath</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Piwowar-Manning</LastName><ForeName>Estelle</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>HPTN Laboratory Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Jing</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>SCHARP, Seattle, WA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Twine</LastName><ForeName>Rhian</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Daniel</LastName><ForeName>Tamu</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Andrew</LastName><ForeName>Philip</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>FHI360, Durham, NC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Laeyendecker</LastName><ForeName>Oliver</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Agyei</LastName><ForeName>Yaw</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>HPTN Laboratory Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tollman</LastName><ForeName>Stephen</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kahn</LastName><ForeName>Kathleen</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>HPTN 068 protocol team</CollectiveName></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>UM1 AI069423</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>U01 AI068619</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 MH087118</GrantID><Acronym>MH</Acronym><Agency>NIMH NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>UM1 AI068619</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>UM1 AI068613</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R24 HD050924</GrantID><Acronym>HD</Acronym><Agency>NICHD NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>P2C HD050924</GrantID><Acronym>HD</Acronym><Agency>NICHD NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>UM1 AI068617</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D017428">Clinical Trial, Phase III</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016449">Randomized Controlled Trial</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>AIDS Behav</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9712133</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1090-7165</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Trop Med Int Health. 2010 Mar;15(3):362-81</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20409291</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007 Aug;48(8):755-63</RefSource><PMID 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Version="1">24454875</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Lancet Glob Health. 2013 Dec;1(6):e362-70</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25104601</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Int J Epidemiol. 2012 Aug;41(4):988-1001</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22933647</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>AIDS. 2008 Dec;22 Suppl 4:S41-56</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19033754</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>AIDS Behav. 2005 Jun;9(2):135-43</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15933833</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Adolesc Health. 2015 Jan;56(1):79-84</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25530603</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000293" MajorTopicYN="N">Adolescent</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D044383" MajorTopicYN="N">African Continental Ancestry Group</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="Y">psychology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="N">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004493" MajorTopicYN="N">Education</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015658" MajorTopicYN="N">HIV Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006558" MajorTopicYN="N">Herpes Genitalis</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="N">prevention & control</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015994" MajorTopicYN="N">Incidence</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009042" MajorTopicYN="Y">Motivation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017063" MajorTopicYN="N">Outcome Assessment (Health Care)</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011203" MajorTopicYN="N">Poverty</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D060926" MajorTopicYN="Y">Remuneration</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012306" MajorTopicYN="N">Risk</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012747" MajorTopicYN="N">Sexual Partners</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013019" MajorTopicYN="N">South Africa</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013334" MajorTopicYN="Y">Students</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><OtherID Source="NLM">NIHMS761545 [Available on 09/01/17]</OtherID><OtherID Source="NLM">PMC4990514 [Available on 09/01/17]</OtherID><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Adolescents</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Cash transfers</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Education</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">HIV</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">HIV prevention</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">South Africa</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Young women</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>20</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>20</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26891839</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1007/s10461-015-1270-0</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">10.1007/s10461-015-1270-0</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4990514</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="mid">NIHMS761545</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Caroline du Nord</li><li>Gauteng</li><li>Maryland</li><li>Massachusetts</li><li>Washington (État)</li></region><settlement><li>Cambridge (Massachusetts)</li><li>Johannesbourg</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Harvard</li><li>Université du Witwatersrand</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Pettifor, Audrey" sort="Pettifor, Audrey" uniqKey="Pettifor A" first="Audrey" last="Pettifor">Audrey Pettifor</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Agyei, Yaw" sort="Agyei, Yaw" uniqKey="Agyei Y" first="Yaw" last="Agyei">Yaw Agyei</name><name sortKey="Andrew, Philip" sort="Andrew, Philip" uniqKey="Andrew P" first="Philip" last="Andrew">Philip Andrew</name><name sortKey="Daniel, Tamu" sort="Daniel, Tamu" uniqKey="Daniel T" first="Tamu" last="Daniel">Tamu Daniel</name><name sortKey="Hughes, James P" sort="Hughes, James P" uniqKey="Hughes J" first="James P" last="Hughes">James P. Hughes</name><name sortKey="Laeyendecker, Oliver" sort="Laeyendecker, Oliver" uniqKey="Laeyendecker O" first="Oliver" last="Laeyendecker">Oliver Laeyendecker</name><name sortKey="Piwowar Manning, Estelle" sort="Piwowar Manning, Estelle" uniqKey="Piwowar Manning E" first="Estelle" last="Piwowar-Manning">Estelle Piwowar-Manning</name><name sortKey="Rosenberg, Molly" sort="Rosenberg, Molly" uniqKey="Rosenberg M" first="Molly" last="Rosenberg">Molly Rosenberg</name><name sortKey="Selin, Amanda" sort="Selin, Amanda" uniqKey="Selin A" first="Amanda" last="Selin">Amanda Selin</name><name sortKey="Suchindran, Chirayath" sort="Suchindran, Chirayath" uniqKey="Suchindran C" first="Chirayath" last="Suchindran">Chirayath Suchindran</name><name sortKey="Wang, Jing" sort="Wang, Jing" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jing" last="Wang">Jing Wang</name></country><country name="Afrique du Sud"><region name="Gauteng"><name sortKey="Macphail, Catherine" sort="Macphail, Catherine" uniqKey="Macphail C" first="Catherine" last="Macphail">Catherine Macphail</name></region><name sortKey="G Mez Olive, F Xavier" sort="G Mez Olive, F Xavier" uniqKey="G Mez Olive F" first="F Xavier" last="G Mez-Olivé">F Xavier G Mez-Olivé</name><name sortKey="Kahn, Kathleen" sort="Kahn, Kathleen" uniqKey="Kahn K" first="Kathleen" last="Kahn">Kathleen Kahn</name><name sortKey="Mabuza, Wonderful" sort="Mabuza, Wonderful" uniqKey="Mabuza W" first="Wonderful" last="Mabuza">Wonderful Mabuza</name><name sortKey="Tollman, Stephen" sort="Tollman, Stephen" uniqKey="Tollman S" first="Stephen" last="Tollman">Stephen Tollman</name><name sortKey="Twine, Rhian" sort="Twine, Rhian" uniqKey="Twine R" first="Rhian" last="Twine">Rhian Twine</name><name sortKey="Wagner, Ryan G" sort="Wagner, Ryan G" uniqKey="Wagner R" first="Ryan G" last="Wagner">Ryan G. 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