First Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for Second-line Anti-tuberculosis Drugs in Ghana
Identifieur interne : 000654 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000653; suivant : 000655First Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for Second-line Anti-tuberculosis Drugs in Ghana
Auteurs : Tomoko Kato [Japon] ; Kennedy Kwasi Addo [Ghana] ; Naomi Nartey [Ghana] ; Alexander Kwadwo Nyarko [Ghana] ; Frank Adae Bonsu [Ghana] ; Satoshi Mitarai [Japon]Source :
- Tropical Medicine and Health [ 1348-8945 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
We performed drug susceptibility testing on first- and second-line drugs in
Url:
DOI: 10.2149/tmh.2013-16
PubMed: 24808747
PubMed Central: 3965846
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Addo</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement><region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nartey, Naomi" sort="Nartey, Naomi" uniqKey="Nartey N" first="Naomi" last="Nartey">Naomi Nartey</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement><region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nyarko, Alexander Kwadwo" sort="Nyarko, Alexander Kwadwo" uniqKey="Nyarko A" first="Alexander Kwadwo" last="Nyarko">Alexander Kwadwo Nyarko</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><settlement type="town">Legon 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type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000654</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">First Susceptibility Testing of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> for Second-line Anti-tuberculosis Drugs in Ghana</title><author><name sortKey="Kato, Tomoko" sort="Kato, Tomoko" uniqKey="Kato T" first="Tomoko" last="Kato">Tomoko Kato</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement><region type="région">Région de Kantō</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Addo, Kennedy Kwasi" sort="Addo, Kennedy Kwasi" uniqKey="Addo K" first="Kennedy Kwasi" last="Addo">Kennedy Kwasi Addo</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement><region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nartey, Naomi" sort="Nartey, Naomi" uniqKey="Nartey N" first="Naomi" last="Nartey">Naomi Nartey</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement><region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nyarko, Alexander Kwadwo" sort="Nyarko, Alexander Kwadwo" uniqKey="Nyarko A" first="Alexander Kwadwo" last="Nyarko">Alexander Kwadwo Nyarko</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement><region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonsu, Frank Adae" sort="Bonsu, Frank Adae" uniqKey="Bonsu F" first="Frank Adae" last="Bonsu">Frank Adae Bonsu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">National Tuberculosis Programme, Ghana Health Service, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>National Tuberculosis Programme, Ghana Health Service</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ghana Health Service</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitarai, Satoshi" sort="Mitarai, Satoshi" uniqKey="Mitarai S" first="Satoshi" last="Mitarai">Satoshi Mitarai</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement><region type="région">Région de Kantō</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Tropical Medicine and Health</title><idno type="ISSN">1348-8945</idno><idno type="eISSN">1349-4147</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>We performed drug susceptibility testing on first- and second-line drugs in <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> (<italic>M. tuberculosis</italic>) for the first time in Ghana to obtain preliminary data on drug-resistant tuberculosis. Of 21 isolates (4 new cases and 17 treated cases), 5 (23.8%) were multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and 19 (90.5%) were resistant to at least one drug, but no extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) was identified. Since the target patients were Category II, IV or smear positive at follow-up microscopy, it is understandable that there were many drug-resistant TB cases. Six isolates were resistant to one or two second-line drugs, but the second-line drugs were not approved in Ghana. It is considered that the bacilli were imported from abroad. Preventing the import of drug-resistant TB bacilli is probably one of best ways to control TB in Ghana.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Forson, A" uniqKey="Forson A">A Forson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kudzawu, S" uniqKey="Kudzawu S">S Kudzawu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kwara, A" uniqKey="Kwara A">A Kwara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Flanigan, T" uniqKey="Flanigan T">T Flanigan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zignol, M" uniqKey="Zignol M">M Zignol</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Gemert, W" uniqKey="Van Gemert W">W van Gemert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Falzon, D" uniqKey="Falzon D">D Falzon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sismanidis, C" uniqKey="Sismanidis C">C Sismanidis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Glaziou, P" uniqKey="Glaziou P">P Glaziou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Floyd, K" uniqKey="Floyd K">K Floyd</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raviglione, M" uniqKey="Raviglione M">M Raviglione</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Trop Med Health</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Trop Med Health</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">TMH</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Tropical Medicine and Health</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1348-8945</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1349-4147</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Japanese Society of Tropical Medicine</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Nagasaki, Japan</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24808747</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3965846</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">tmh-2013-16</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2149/tmh.2013-16</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Short Communication</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>First Susceptibility Testing of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> for Second-line Anti-tuberculosis Drugs in Ghana</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kato</surname><given-names>Tomoko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Addo</surname><given-names>Kennedy Kwasi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nartey</surname><given-names>Naomi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nyarko</surname><given-names>Alexander Kwadwo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bonsu</surname><given-names>Frank Adae</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mitarai</surname><given-names>Satoshi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>National Tuberculosis Programme, Ghana Health Service, Ghana</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>Corresponding author: Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association, 3-1-24, Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan Tel: +81 42 493 5711 Fax: +81 42 492 4600 E-mail: dumbo22boko22@gmail.com</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>3</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>4</day><month>2</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>42</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>20</day><month>5</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>24</day><month>9</month><year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2014 Japanese Society of Tropical Medicine</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>We performed drug susceptibility testing on first- and second-line drugs in <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> (<italic>M. tuberculosis</italic>) for the first time in Ghana to obtain preliminary data on drug-resistant tuberculosis. Of 21 isolates (4 new cases and 17 treated cases), 5 (23.8%) were multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and 19 (90.5%) were resistant to at least one drug, but no extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) was identified. Since the target patients were Category II, IV or smear positive at follow-up microscopy, it is understandable that there were many drug-resistant TB cases. Six isolates were resistant to one or two second-line drugs, but the second-line drugs were not approved in Ghana. It is considered that the bacilli were imported from abroad. Preventing the import of drug-resistant TB bacilli is probably one of best ways to control TB in Ghana.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Ghana</kwd><kwd>Drug susceptibility testing</kwd><kwd>MDR/XDR-TB</kwd><kwd>second-line drugs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1.</label><caption><p>Result of DST of <italic>M. tuberculosis</italic> isolated in Ghana.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Drug</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">INH</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">RFP</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">SM</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">EB</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">KM</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">AMK</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPM</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">TH</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">PAS</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">CS</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">LVFX</th><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">Status</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">(µg/mL)</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">40</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">40</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">40</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">40</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NSW2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cat I</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KB3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cat II</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KB12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cat II</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KB16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cat II</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KB17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Identified as MDR-TB at PHL*</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KB18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Identified as MDR-TB at PHL</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KB20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Identified as MDR-TB at PHL</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">056</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Identified as MDR-TB at PHL</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">066</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Identified as MDR-TB at PHL</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">074</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Identified as MDR-TB at PHL</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KN14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cat I</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KN17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cat I</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KN26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cat I</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KN30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KN31</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">LG1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cat I</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">LG7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cat I</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">LG13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cat I</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">LG14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cat I</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">LG17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">LG18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New</td></tr><tr><td colspan="14" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="1">Susceptible</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="1">Resistant</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="1">Resistant (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.8</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p>S: Susceptible, R: Resistant</p><p>*PHL: Public Health Reference Laboratory</p></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Ghana</li><li>Japon</li></country><region><li>Région de Kantō</li><li>Région du Grand Accra</li></region><settlement><li>Accra</li><li>Legon (Ghana)</li><li>Tokyo</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université du Ghana</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Japon"><region name="Région de Kantō"><name sortKey="Kato, Tomoko" sort="Kato, Tomoko" uniqKey="Kato T" first="Tomoko" last="Kato">Tomoko Kato</name></region><name sortKey="Mitarai, Satoshi" sort="Mitarai, Satoshi" uniqKey="Mitarai S" first="Satoshi" last="Mitarai">Satoshi Mitarai</name></country><country name="Ghana"><region name="Région du Grand Accra"><name sortKey="Addo, Kennedy Kwasi" sort="Addo, Kennedy Kwasi" uniqKey="Addo K" first="Kennedy Kwasi" last="Addo">Kennedy Kwasi Addo</name></region><name sortKey="Bonsu, Frank Adae" sort="Bonsu, Frank Adae" uniqKey="Bonsu F" first="Frank Adae" last="Bonsu">Frank Adae Bonsu</name><name sortKey="Nartey, Naomi" sort="Nartey, Naomi" uniqKey="Nartey N" first="Naomi" last="Nartey">Naomi Nartey</name><name sortKey="Nyarko, Alexander Kwadwo" sort="Nyarko, Alexander Kwadwo" uniqKey="Nyarko A" first="Alexander Kwadwo" last="Nyarko">Alexander Kwadwo Nyarko</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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