Processing of emotional information in the human subthalamic nucleus
Identifieur interne : 002253 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 002252; suivant : 002254Processing of emotional information in the human subthalamic nucleus
Auteurs : Anne Buot ; Marie-Laure Welter ; Carine Karachi ; Jean-Baptiste Pochon ; Eric Bardinet ; Jérôme Yelnik ; Luc MalletSource :
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry [ 0022-3050 ] ; 2013-12.
Abstract
Background The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an efficient target for treating patients with Parkinson's disease as well as patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) using high frequency stimulation (HFS). In both Parkinson's disease and OCD patients, STN-HFS can trigger abnormal behaviours, such as hypomania and impulsivity. Methods To investigate if this structure processes emotional information, and whether it depends on motor demands, we recorded subthalamic local field potentials in 16 patients with Parkinson's disease using deep brain stimulation electrodes. Recordings were made with and without dopaminergic treatment while patients performed an emotional categorisation paradigm in which the response varied according to stimulus valence (pleasant, unpleasant and neutral) and to the instruction given (motor, non-motor and passive). Results Pleasant, unpleasant and neutral stimuli evoked an event related potential (ERP). Without dopamine medication, ERP amplitudes were significantly larger for unpleasant compared with neutral pictures, whatever the response triggered by the stimuli; and the magnitude of this effect was maximal in the ventral part of the STN. No significant difference in ERP amplitude was observed for pleasant pictures. With dopamine medication, ERP amplitudes were significantly increased for pleasant compared with neutral pictures whatever the response triggered by the stimuli, while ERP amplitudes to unpleasant pictures were not modified. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the ventral part of the STN processes the emotional valence of stimuli independently of the motor context and that dopamine enhances processing of pleasant information. These findings confirm the specific involvement of the STN in emotional processes in human, which may underlie the behavioural changes observed in patients with deep brain stimulation.
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DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-302158
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title>Processing of emotional information in the human subthalamic nucleus</title><author><name sortKey="Buot, Anne" sort="Buot, Anne" uniqKey="Buot A" first="Anne" last="Buot">Anne Buot</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Welter, Marie Laure" sort="Welter, Marie Laure" uniqKey="Welter M" first="Marie-Laure" last="Welter">Marie-Laure Welter</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, 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Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yelnik, Jerome" sort="Yelnik, Jerome" uniqKey="Yelnik J" first="Jérôme" last="Yelnik">Jérôme Yelnik</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mallet, Luc" sort="Mallet, Luc" uniqKey="Mallet L" first="Luc" last="Mallet">Luc Mallet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:D33A19A1065CD121E47DA16D3E5717A75D4D6573</idno><date when="2013" year="2013">2013</date><idno type="doi">10.1136/jnnp-2011-302158</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/D33A19A1065CD121E47DA16D3E5717A75D4D6573/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">002253</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">Processing of emotional information in the human subthalamic nucleus</title><author><name sortKey="Buot, Anne" sort="Buot, Anne" uniqKey="Buot A" first="Anne" last="Buot">Anne Buot</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Welter, Marie Laure" sort="Welter, Marie Laure" uniqKey="Welter M" first="Marie-Laure" last="Welter">Marie-Laure Welter</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Fédération des maladies du système nerveux, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karachi, Carine" sort="Karachi, Carine" uniqKey="Karachi C" first="Carine" last="Karachi">Carine Karachi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Service de neurochirurgie, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pochon, Jean Baptiste" sort="Pochon, Jean Baptiste" uniqKey="Pochon J" first="Jean-Baptiste" last="Pochon">Jean-Baptiste Pochon</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bardinet, Eric" sort="Bardinet, Eric" uniqKey="Bardinet E" first="Eric" last="Bardinet">Eric Bardinet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yelnik, Jerome" sort="Yelnik, Jerome" uniqKey="Yelnik J" first="Jérôme" last="Yelnik">Jérôme Yelnik</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mallet, Luc" sort="Mallet, Luc" uniqKey="Mallet L" first="Luc" last="Mallet">Luc Mallet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-3050</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-330X</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2013-12">2013-12</date><biblScope unit="volume">84</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">12</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1331">1331</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0022-3050</idno></series><idno type="istex">D33A19A1065CD121E47DA16D3E5717A75D4D6573</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1136/jnnp-2011-302158</idno><idno type="href">jnnp-84-1331.pdf</idno><idno type="ArticleID">jnnp-2011-302158</idno><idno type="PMID">23100448</idno><idno type="local">jnnp;84/12/1331</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0022-3050</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Background The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an efficient target for treating patients with Parkinson's disease as well as patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) using high frequency stimulation (HFS). In both Parkinson's disease and OCD patients, STN-HFS can trigger abnormal behaviours, such as hypomania and impulsivity. Methods To investigate if this structure processes emotional information, and whether it depends on motor demands, we recorded subthalamic local field potentials in 16 patients with Parkinson's disease using deep brain stimulation electrodes. Recordings were made with and without dopaminergic treatment while patients performed an emotional categorisation paradigm in which the response varied according to stimulus valence (pleasant, unpleasant and neutral) and to the instruction given (motor, non-motor and passive). Results Pleasant, unpleasant and neutral stimuli evoked an event related potential (ERP). Without dopamine medication, ERP amplitudes were significantly larger for unpleasant compared with neutral pictures, whatever the response triggered by the stimuli; and the magnitude of this effect was maximal in the ventral part of the STN. No significant difference in ERP amplitude was observed for pleasant pictures. With dopamine medication, ERP amplitudes were significantly increased for pleasant compared with neutral pictures whatever the response triggered by the stimuli, while ERP amplitudes to unpleasant pictures were not modified. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the ventral part of the STN processes the emotional valence of stimuli independently of the motor context and that dopamine enhances processing of pleasant information. These findings confirm the specific involvement of the STN in emotional processes in human, which may underlie the behavioural changes observed in patients with deep brain stimulation.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>bmj</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Anne Buot</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>Inserm, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>CNRS, Paris, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Marie-Laure Welter</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>Inserm, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>CNRS, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Fédération des maladies du système nerveux, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Carine Karachi</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>Inserm, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>CNRS, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Service de neurochirurgie, Paris, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jean-Baptiste Pochon</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>Inserm, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>CNRS, Paris, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Eric Bardinet</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>Inserm, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>CNRS, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jérôme Yelnik</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>Inserm, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>CNRS, Paris, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Luc Mallet</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>Inserm, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>CNRS, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Cognitive neurology</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Parkinson's Disease</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Behavioural Disorder</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Cognitive Electrophysiology</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Evoked Potentials</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Psychology, Experimental</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Background The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an efficient target for treating patients with Parkinson's disease as well as patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) using high frequency stimulation (HFS). In both Parkinson's disease and OCD patients, STN-HFS can trigger abnormal behaviours, such as hypomania and impulsivity. Methods To investigate if this structure processes emotional information, and whether it depends on motor demands, we recorded subthalamic local field potentials in 16 patients with Parkinson's disease using deep brain stimulation electrodes. Recordings were made with and without dopaminergic treatment while patients performed an emotional categorisation paradigm in which the response varied according to stimulus valence (pleasant, unpleasant and neutral) and to the instruction given (motor, non-motor and passive). Results Pleasant, unpleasant and neutral stimuli evoked an event related potential (ERP). Without dopamine medication, ERP amplitudes were significantly larger for unpleasant compared with neutral pictures, whatever the response triggered by the stimuli; and the magnitude of this effect was maximal in the ventral part of the STN. No significant difference in ERP amplitude was observed for pleasant pictures. With dopamine medication, ERP amplitudes were significantly increased for pleasant compared with neutral pictures whatever the response triggered by the stimuli, while ERP amplitudes to unpleasant pictures were not modified. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the ventral part of the STN processes the emotional valence of stimuli independently of the motor context and that dopamine enhances processing of pleasant information. These findings confirm the specific involvement of the STN in emotional processes in human, which may underlie the behavioural changes observed in patients with deep brain stimulation.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>9.5</score><pdfVersion>1.6</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 793.701 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>6</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1887</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>5011</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>33593</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>8</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>261</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Processing of emotional information in the human subthalamic nucleus</title><pmid><json:string>23100448</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>84</volume><pages><first>1331</first></pages><issn><json:string>0022-3050</json:string></issn><issue>12</issue><genre></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1468-330X</json:string></eissn><title>Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</title></host><publicationDate>2013</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2013</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1136/jnnp-2011-302158</json:string></doi><id>D33A19A1065CD121E47DA16D3E5717A75D4D6573</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/D33A19A1065CD121E47DA16D3E5717A75D4D6573/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/D33A19A1065CD121E47DA16D3E5717A75D4D6573/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/D33A19A1065CD121E47DA16D3E5717A75D4D6573/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">Processing of emotional information in the human subthalamic nucleus</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><availability><p>BMJ</p></availability><date>2012-10-25</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Processing of emotional information in the human subthalamic nucleus</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Anne</forename><surname>Buot</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Marie-Laure</forename><surname>Welter</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Fédération des maladies du système nerveux, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Carine</forename><surname>Karachi</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Service de neurochirurgie, Paris, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Jean-Baptiste</forename><surname>Pochon</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Eric</forename><surname>Bardinet</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Jérôme</forename><surname>Yelnik</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Luc</forename><surname>Mallet</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title><idno type="pISSN">0022-3050</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-330X</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2013-12"></date><biblScope unit="volume">84</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">12</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1331">1331</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">D33A19A1065CD121E47DA16D3E5717A75D4D6573</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1136/jnnp-2011-302158</idno><idno type="href">jnnp-84-1331.pdf</idno><idno type="ArticleID">jnnp-2011-302158</idno><idno type="PMID">23100448</idno><idno type="local">jnnp;84/12/1331</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2012-10-25</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Background The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an efficient target for treating patients with Parkinson's disease as well as patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) using high frequency stimulation (HFS). In both Parkinson's disease and OCD patients, STN-HFS can trigger abnormal behaviours, such as hypomania and impulsivity. Methods To investigate if this structure processes emotional information, and whether it depends on motor demands, we recorded subthalamic local field potentials in 16 patients with Parkinson's disease using deep brain stimulation electrodes. Recordings were made with and without dopaminergic treatment while patients performed an emotional categorisation paradigm in which the response varied according to stimulus valence (pleasant, unpleasant and neutral) and to the instruction given (motor, non-motor and passive). Results Pleasant, unpleasant and neutral stimuli evoked an event related potential (ERP). Without dopamine medication, ERP amplitudes were significantly larger for unpleasant compared with neutral pictures, whatever the response triggered by the stimuli; and the magnitude of this effect was maximal in the ventral part of the STN. No significant difference in ERP amplitude was observed for pleasant pictures. With dopamine medication, ERP amplitudes were significantly increased for pleasant compared with neutral pictures whatever the response triggered by the stimuli, while ERP amplitudes to unpleasant pictures were not modified. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the ventral part of the STN processes the emotional valence of stimuli independently of the motor context and that dopamine enhances processing of pleasant information. These findings confirm the specific involvement of the STN in emotional processes in human, which may underlie the behavioural changes observed in patients with deep brain stimulation.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Parkinson's Disease</term></item><item><term>Behavioural Disorder</term></item><item><term>Cognitive Electrophysiology</term></item><item><term>Evoked Potentials</term></item><item><term>Psychology, Experimental</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2012-10-25">Created</change><change when="2013-12">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/D33A19A1065CD121E47DA16D3E5717A75D4D6573/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus bmj" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="archivearticle.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="research-article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">jnnp</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jnnp</journal-id><journal-title>Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</abbrev-journal-title><abbrev-journal-title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0022-3050</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1468-330X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jnnp-2011-302158</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/jnnp-2011-302158</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp;84/12/1331</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp;jnnp-2011-302158</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23100448</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">1331</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp-2011-302158</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Cognitive neurology</subject></subj-group><series-title>Research paper</series-title></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Processing of emotional information in the human subthalamic nucleus</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Buot</surname><given-names>Anne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Welter</surname><given-names>Marie-Laure</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Karachi</surname><given-names>Carine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pochon</surname><given-names>Jean-Baptiste</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bardinet</surname><given-names>Eric</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yelnik</surname><given-names>Jérôme</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mallet</surname><given-names>Luc</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af7">7</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1"><label>1</label>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</aff><aff id="af2"><label>2</label>Inserm, Paris, France</aff><aff id="af3"><label>3</label>CNRS, Paris, France</aff><aff id="af4"><label>4</label>Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Fédération des maladies du système nerveux, Paris, France</aff><aff id="af5"><label>5</label>Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Service de neurochirurgie, Paris, France</aff><aff id="af6"><label>6</label>Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France</aff><aff id="af7"><label>7</label>Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France</aff><author-notes><corresp><label>Correspondence to</label> A Buot, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UPMC-Inserm UMR_S 975-CNRS UMR 7225, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47, Bd de L'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France; <email>anne.buot@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>12</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub-original"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>84</volume><volume-id pub-id-type="other">84</volume-id><volume-id pub-id-type="other">84</volume-id><issue>12</issue><issue-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp;84/12</issue-id><issue-id pub-id-type="other">12</issue-id><issue-id pub-id-type="other">84/12</issue-id><fpage>1331</fpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>4</day><month>9</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>25</day><month>9</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:role="full-text" xlink:href="jnnp-84-1331.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an efficient target for treating patients with Parkinson's disease as well as patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) using high frequency stimulation (HFS). In both Parkinson's disease and OCD patients, STN-HFS can trigger abnormal behaviours, such as hypomania and impulsivity.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>To investigate if this structure processes emotional information, and whether it depends on motor demands, we recorded subthalamic local field potentials in 16 patients with Parkinson's disease using deep brain stimulation electrodes. Recordings were made with and without dopaminergic treatment while patients performed an emotional categorisation paradigm in which the response varied according to stimulus valence (pleasant, unpleasant and neutral) and to the instruction given (motor, non-motor and passive).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Pleasant, unpleasant and neutral stimuli evoked an event related potential (ERP). Without dopamine medication, ERP amplitudes were significantly larger for unpleasant compared with neutral pictures, whatever the response triggered by the stimuli; and the magnitude of this effect was maximal in the ventral part of the STN. No significant difference in ERP amplitude was observed for pleasant pictures. With dopamine medication, ERP amplitudes were significantly increased for pleasant compared with neutral pictures whatever the response triggered by the stimuli, while ERP amplitudes to unpleasant pictures were not modified.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>These results demonstrate that the ventral part of the STN processes the emotional valence of stimuli independently of the motor context and that dopamine enhances processing of pleasant information. These findings confirm the specific involvement of the STN in emotional processes in human, which may underlie the behavioural changes observed in patients with deep brain stimulation.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Parkinson's Disease</kwd><kwd>Behavioural Disorder</kwd><kwd>Cognitive Electrophysiology</kwd><kwd>Evoked Potentials</kwd><kwd>Psychology, Experimental</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><partName>Research paper</partName><title>Processing of emotional information in the human subthalamic nucleus</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><partName>Research paper</partName><title>Processing of emotional information in the human subthalamic nucleus</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Anne</namePart><namePart type="family">Buot</namePart><affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Marie-Laure</namePart><namePart type="family">Welter</namePart><affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Fédération des maladies du système nerveux, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Carine</namePart><namePart type="family">Karachi</namePart><affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Service de neurochirurgie, Paris, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jean-Baptiste</namePart><namePart type="family">Pochon</namePart><affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Eric</namePart><namePart type="family">Bardinet</namePart><affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jérôme</namePart><namePart type="family">Yelnik</namePart><affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Luc</namePart><namePart type="family">Mallet</namePart><affiliation>Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Inserm, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>CNRS, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2013-12</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2012-10-25</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2013</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract>Background The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an efficient target for treating patients with Parkinson's disease as well as patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) using high frequency stimulation (HFS). In both Parkinson's disease and OCD patients, STN-HFS can trigger abnormal behaviours, such as hypomania and impulsivity. Methods To investigate if this structure processes emotional information, and whether it depends on motor demands, we recorded subthalamic local field potentials in 16 patients with Parkinson's disease using deep brain stimulation electrodes. Recordings were made with and without dopaminergic treatment while patients performed an emotional categorisation paradigm in which the response varied according to stimulus valence (pleasant, unpleasant and neutral) and to the instruction given (motor, non-motor and passive). Results Pleasant, unpleasant and neutral stimuli evoked an event related potential (ERP). Without dopamine medication, ERP amplitudes were significantly larger for unpleasant compared with neutral pictures, whatever the response triggered by the stimuli; and the magnitude of this effect was maximal in the ventral part of the STN. No significant difference in ERP amplitude was observed for pleasant pictures. With dopamine medication, ERP amplitudes were significantly increased for pleasant compared with neutral pictures whatever the response triggered by the stimuli, while ERP amplitudes to unpleasant pictures were not modified. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the ventral part of the STN processes the emotional valence of stimuli independently of the motor context and that dopamine enhances processing of pleasant information. These findings confirm the specific involvement of the STN in emotional processes in human, which may underlie the behavioural changes observed in patients with deep brain stimulation.</abstract><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Parkinson's Disease</topic><topic>Behavioural Disorder</topic><topic>Cognitive Electrophysiology</topic><topic>Evoked Potentials</topic><topic>Psychology, Experimental</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0022-3050</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1468-330X</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">jnnp</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">jnnp</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</identifier><part><date>2013</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>84</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>12</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1331</start></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">D33A19A1065CD121E47DA16D3E5717A75D4D6573</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1136/jnnp-2011-302158</identifier><identifier type="href">jnnp-84-1331.pdf</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">jnnp-2011-302158</identifier><identifier type="PMID">23100448</identifier><identifier type="local">jnnp;84/12/1331</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. 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