Apraxia in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy
Identifieur interne : 001E74 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001E73; suivant : 001E75Apraxia in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy
Auteurs : D. Uluduz ; Ö. Ertürk ; G. Kenangil ; S. Özekmekçi ; S. Ertan ; H. Apaydin ; E. ErginözSource :
- European Journal of Neurology [ 1351-5101 ] ; 2010-03.
English descriptors
Abstract
Objective: To determine praxis function in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Methods: Nineteen patients with PD and 16 patients with probable MSA were recruited into study. Twenty‐five age‐matched, healthy subjects were included as controls. The Mayo Clinic praxis test battery was applied. Pantomime tasks, including oral/facial, trunk, and upper extremity movement, were used to evaluate ideomotor apraxia (IMA). Sequential tasks, including Luria test for ideational apraxia (IDA) and use of actual objects, were also tested. In addition, Standardized Mini Mental Test (MMSE), Hamilton Depression (HAM‐D), and Anxiety (HAM‐A) Scales were used. Results: Mean ages of the study participants were 66 ± 7, 68 ± 5, and 65 ± 7 years in PD, MSA, and control groups, respectively. Mean total praxis score was significantly lower for patients with PD (92.4 ± 4) and MSA (75.9 ± 18) than for controls (97.4 ± 2) (P = 0.000). Transitive performances of upper extremities and sequential tasks were significantly impaired in patients with PD compared to control subjects (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between total praxis scores and sum scores of tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity of both of the upper limbs of patients with PD. Subgroup praxis scores were substantially worse in MSA group (P < 0.0001). Compared to control subjects, mean scores for MMSE, HAM‐D, and HAM‐A tests were significantly worse in MSA group, but, for PD patient group, only HAM‐A scores were worse. Conclusion: Our results indicate that although not a presenting symptom, IMA and IDA may be features of MSA and, to a lesser degree, of PD. Also, it seems to be unrelated to the motor features of patients with PD.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02905.x
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Kenangil</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ozekmekci, S" sort="Ozekmekci, S" uniqKey="Ozekmekci S" first="S." last="Özekmekçi">S. Özekmekçi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ertan, S" sort="Ertan, S" uniqKey="Ertan S" first="S." last="Ertan">S. Ertan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Apaydin, H" sort="Apaydin, H" uniqKey="Apaydin H" first="H." last="Apaydin">H. Apaydin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erginoz, E" sort="Erginoz, E" uniqKey="Erginoz E" first="E." last="Erginöz">E. 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Uluduz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erturk, O" sort="Erturk, O" uniqKey="Erturk O" first="Ö." last="Ertürk">Ö. Ertürk</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kenangil, G" sort="Kenangil, G" uniqKey="Kenangil G" first="G." last="Kenangil">G. Kenangil</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ozekmekci, S" sort="Ozekmekci, S" uniqKey="Ozekmekci S" first="S." last="Özekmekçi">S. Özekmekçi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ertan, S" sort="Ertan, S" uniqKey="Ertan S" first="S." last="Ertan">S. Ertan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Apaydin, H" sort="Apaydin, H" uniqKey="Apaydin H" first="H." last="Apaydin">H. Apaydin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erginoz, E" sort="Erginoz, E" uniqKey="Erginoz E" first="E." last="Erginöz">E. Erginöz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Community Medicine Center, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">European Journal of Neurology</title><idno type="ISSN">1351-5101</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-1331</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-03">2010-03</date><biblScope unit="volume">17</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="413">413</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="418">418</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1351-5101</idno></series><idno type="istex">E23804CE85D539886B777B38C96020A217AE71D0</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02905.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">ENE2905</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1351-5101</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Parkinson’s disease</term><term>apraxia</term><term>multiple system atrophy</term><term>praxic function</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Objective: To determine praxis function in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Methods: Nineteen patients with PD and 16 patients with probable MSA were recruited into study. Twenty‐five age‐matched, healthy subjects were included as controls. The Mayo Clinic praxis test battery was applied. Pantomime tasks, including oral/facial, trunk, and upper extremity movement, were used to evaluate ideomotor apraxia (IMA). Sequential tasks, including Luria test for ideational apraxia (IDA) and use of actual objects, were also tested. In addition, Standardized Mini Mental Test (MMSE), Hamilton Depression (HAM‐D), and Anxiety (HAM‐A) Scales were used. Results: Mean ages of the study participants were 66 ± 7, 68 ± 5, and 65 ± 7 years in PD, MSA, and control groups, respectively. Mean total praxis score was significantly lower for patients with PD (92.4 ± 4) and MSA (75.9 ± 18) than for controls (97.4 ± 2) (P = 0.000). Transitive performances of upper extremities and sequential tasks were significantly impaired in patients with PD compared to control subjects (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between total praxis scores and sum scores of tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity of both of the upper limbs of patients with PD. Subgroup praxis scores were substantially worse in MSA group (P < 0.0001). Compared to control subjects, mean scores for MMSE, HAM‐D, and HAM‐A tests were significantly worse in MSA group, but, for PD patient group, only HAM‐A scores were worse. Conclusion: Our results indicate that although not a presenting symptom, IMA and IDA may be features of MSA and, to a lesser degree, of PD. Also, it seems to be unrelated to the motor features of patients with PD.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>D. Uluduz</name><affiliations><json:string>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ö. Ertürk</name><affiliations><json:string>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G. Kenangil</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. Özekmekçi</name><affiliations><json:string>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. Ertan</name><affiliations><json:string>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>H. Apaydin</name><affiliations><json:string>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>E. Erginöz</name><affiliations><json:string>Community Medicine Center, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>apraxia</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>multiple system atrophy</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Parkinson’s disease</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>praxic function</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>ENE2905</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Objective: To determine praxis function in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Methods: Nineteen patients with PD and 16 patients with probable MSA were recruited into study. Twenty‐five age‐matched, healthy subjects were included as controls. The Mayo Clinic praxis test battery was applied. Pantomime tasks, including oral/facial, trunk, and upper extremity movement, were used to evaluate ideomotor apraxia (IMA). Sequential tasks, including Luria test for ideational apraxia (IDA) and use of actual objects, were also tested. In addition, Standardized Mini Mental Test (MMSE), Hamilton Depression (HAM‐D), and Anxiety (HAM‐A) Scales were used. Results: Mean ages of the study participants were 66 ± 7, 68 ± 5, and 65 ± 7 years in PD, MSA, and control groups, respectively. Mean total praxis score was significantly lower for patients with PD (92.4 ± 4) and MSA (75.9 ± 18) than for controls (97.4 ± 2) (P = 0.000). Transitive performances of upper extremities and sequential tasks were significantly impaired in patients with PD compared to control subjects (P > 0.05). There was no correlation between total praxis scores and sum scores of tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity of both of the upper limbs of patients with PD. Subgroup praxis scores were substantially worse in MSA group (P > 0.0001). Compared to control subjects, mean scores for MMSE, HAM‐D, and HAM‐A tests were significantly worse in MSA group, but, for PD patient group, only HAM‐A scores were worse. Conclusion: Our results indicate that although not a presenting symptom, IMA and IDA may be features of MSA and, to a lesser degree, of PD. Also, it seems to be unrelated to the motor features of patients with PD.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>6.568</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 782.362 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>4</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1729</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>3568</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>21779</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>6</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>258</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Apraxia in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>17</volume><publisherId><json:string>ENE</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>6</total><last>418</last><first>413</first></pages><issn><json:string>1351-5101</json:string></issn><issue>3</issue><genre><json:string>Journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1468-1331</json:string></eissn><title>European Journal of Neurology</title><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1468-1331</json:string></doi></host><publicationDate>2010</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2010</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02905.x</json:string></doi><id>E23804CE85D539886B777B38C96020A217AE71D0</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/E23804CE85D539886B777B38C96020A217AE71D0/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/E23804CE85D539886B777B38C96020A217AE71D0/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/E23804CE85D539886B777B38C96020A217AE71D0/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Apraxia in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>WILEY</p></availability><date>2010</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Apraxia in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy</title><author><persName><forename type="first">D.</forename><surname>Uluduz</surname></persName><affiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Ö.</forename><surname>Ertürk</surname></persName><affiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">G.</forename><surname>Kenangil</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename><surname>Özekmekçi</surname></persName><affiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename><surname>Ertan</surname></persName><affiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">H.</forename><surname>Apaydin</surname></persName><affiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">E.</forename><surname>Erginöz</surname></persName><affiliation>Community Medicine Center, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">European Journal of Neurology</title><idno type="pISSN">1351-5101</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-1331</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1468-1331</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-03"></date><biblScope unit="volume">17</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="413">413</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="418">418</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">E23804CE85D539886B777B38C96020A217AE71D0</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02905.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">ENE2905</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2010</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: To determine praxis function in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Methods: Nineteen patients with PD and 16 patients with probable MSA were recruited into study. Twenty‐five age‐matched, healthy subjects were included as controls. The Mayo Clinic praxis test battery was applied. Pantomime tasks, including oral/facial, trunk, and upper extremity movement, were used to evaluate ideomotor apraxia (IMA). Sequential tasks, including Luria test for ideational apraxia (IDA) and use of actual objects, were also tested. In addition, Standardized Mini Mental Test (MMSE), Hamilton Depression (HAM‐D), and Anxiety (HAM‐A) Scales were used. Results: Mean ages of the study participants were 66 ± 7, 68 ± 5, and 65 ± 7 years in PD, MSA, and control groups, respectively. Mean total praxis score was significantly lower for patients with PD (92.4 ± 4) and MSA (75.9 ± 18) than for controls (97.4 ± 2) (P = 0.000). Transitive performances of upper extremities and sequential tasks were significantly impaired in patients with PD compared to control subjects (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between total praxis scores and sum scores of tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity of both of the upper limbs of patients with PD. Subgroup praxis scores were substantially worse in MSA group (P < 0.0001). Compared to control subjects, mean scores for MMSE, HAM‐D, and HAM‐A tests were significantly worse in MSA group, but, for PD patient group, only HAM‐A scores were worse. Conclusion: Our results indicate that although not a presenting symptom, IMA and IDA may be features of MSA and, to a lesser degree, of PD. Also, it seems to be unrelated to the motor features of patients with PD.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>apraxia</term></item><item><term>multiple system atrophy</term></item><item><term>Parkinson’s disease</term></item><item><term>praxic function</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2010-03">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/E23804CE85D539886B777B38C96020A217AE71D0/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1468-1331</doi><issn type="print">1351-5101</issn><issn type="electronic">1468-1331</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="ENE"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY">European Journal of Neurology</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="03003"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/ene.2010.17.issue-3</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="17">17</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="3">3</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2010-03">March 2010</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="13" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02905.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="ENE2905"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="6"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Original Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright>© 2009 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2009 EFNS</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2009-12-30"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2010-02-23"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.5 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-04-07"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-24"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-17"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="413">413</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="418">418</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>S. Özekmekçi, MD, Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey (tel.:/fax: +90 212 588 3770; e‐mail: <email>sibeloz@superonline.com</email>).Name of the institutional ethic committee who approved the research protocols:Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine (15.05.2008/132‐67).</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:ENE.ENE2905.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received 19 April 2009 Accepted 31 August 2009</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="0"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="3"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Apraxia in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy</title><title type="shortAuthors">D. Uluduz <i>et al.</i></title><title type="short">Apraxia in parkinsonism</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>D.</givenNames><familyName>Uluduz</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Ö.</givenNames><familyName>Ertürk</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>G.</givenNames><familyName>Kenangil</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>S.</givenNames><familyName>Özekmekçi</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>S.</givenNames><familyName>Ertan</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>H.</givenNames><familyName>Apaydin</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr7" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>E.</givenNames><familyName>Erginöz</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1"><unparsedAffiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Neurology, Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="TR"><unparsedAffiliation>Community Medicine Center, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">apraxia</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">multiple system atrophy</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">Parkinson’s disease</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">praxic function</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Objective: </b> To determine praxis function in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA).</p><p><b>Methods: </b> Nineteen patients with PD and 16 patients with probable MSA were recruited into study. Twenty‐five age‐matched, healthy subjects were included as controls. The Mayo Clinic praxis test battery was applied. Pantomime tasks, including oral/facial, trunk, and upper extremity movement, were used to evaluate ideomotor apraxia (IMA). Sequential tasks, including Luria test for ideational apraxia (IDA) and use of actual objects, were also tested. In addition, Standardized Mini Mental Test (MMSE), Hamilton Depression (HAM‐D), and Anxiety (HAM‐A) Scales were used.</p><p><b>Results: </b> Mean ages of the study participants were 66 ± 7, 68 ± 5, and 65 ± 7 years in PD, MSA, and control groups, respectively. Mean total praxis score was significantly lower for patients with PD (92.4 ± 4) and MSA (75.9 ± 18) than for controls (97.4 ± 2) (<i>P </i>=<i> </i>0.000). Transitive performances of upper extremities and sequential tasks were significantly impaired in patients with PD compared to control subjects (<i>P </i><<i> </i>0.05). There was no correlation between total praxis scores and sum scores of tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity of both of the upper limbs of patients with PD. Subgroup praxis scores were substantially worse in MSA group (<i>P </i><<i> </i>0.0001). Compared to control subjects, mean scores for MMSE, HAM‐D, and HAM‐A tests were significantly worse in MSA group, but, for PD patient group, only HAM‐A scores were worse.</p><p><b>Conclusion: </b> Our results indicate that although not a presenting symptom, IMA and IDA may be features of MSA and, to a lesser degree, of PD. Also, it seems to be unrelated to the motor features of patients with PD.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Apraxia in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Apraxia in parkinsonism</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Apraxia in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Uluduz</namePart><affiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ö.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ertürk</namePart><affiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kenangil</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Özekmekçi</namePart><affiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ertan</namePart><affiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Apaydin</namePart><affiliation>Departments of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Erginöz</namePart><affiliation>Community Medicine Center, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-03</dateIssued><edition>Received 19 April 2009 Accepted 31 August 2009</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="tables">3</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Objective: To determine praxis function in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Methods: Nineteen patients with PD and 16 patients with probable MSA were recruited into study. Twenty‐five age‐matched, healthy subjects were included as controls. The Mayo Clinic praxis test battery was applied. Pantomime tasks, including oral/facial, trunk, and upper extremity movement, were used to evaluate ideomotor apraxia (IMA). Sequential tasks, including Luria test for ideational apraxia (IDA) and use of actual objects, were also tested. In addition, Standardized Mini Mental Test (MMSE), Hamilton Depression (HAM‐D), and Anxiety (HAM‐A) Scales were used. Results: Mean ages of the study participants were 66 ± 7, 68 ± 5, and 65 ± 7 years in PD, MSA, and control groups, respectively. Mean total praxis score was significantly lower for patients with PD (92.4 ± 4) and MSA (75.9 ± 18) than for controls (97.4 ± 2) (P = 0.000). Transitive performances of upper extremities and sequential tasks were significantly impaired in patients with PD compared to control subjects (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between total praxis scores and sum scores of tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity of both of the upper limbs of patients with PD. Subgroup praxis scores were substantially worse in MSA group (P < 0.0001). Compared to control subjects, mean scores for MMSE, HAM‐D, and HAM‐A tests were significantly worse in MSA group, but, for PD patient group, only HAM‐A scores were worse. Conclusion: Our results indicate that although not a presenting symptom, IMA and IDA may be features of MSA and, to a lesser degree, of PD. Also, it seems to be unrelated to the motor features of patients with PD.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>apraxia</topic><topic>multiple system atrophy</topic><topic>Parkinson’s disease</topic><topic>praxic function</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>European Journal of Neurology</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1351-5101</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1468-1331</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1468-1331</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ENE</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>17</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>413</start><end>418</end><total>6</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">E23804CE85D539886B777B38C96020A217AE71D0</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02905.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">ENE2905</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2009 The Author(s). 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