Small saccades restrict visual scanning area in Parkinson's disease
Identifieur interne : 001640 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001639; suivant : 001641Small saccades restrict visual scanning area in Parkinson's disease
Auteurs : Hideyuki Matsumoto ; Yasuo Terao ; Toshiaki Furubayashi ; Akihiro Yugeta ; Hideki Fukuda ; Masaki Emoto ; Ritsuko Hanajima ; Yoshikazu UgawaSource :
- Movement Disorders [ 0885-3185 ] ; 2011-08-01.
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- KwdEn :
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate abnormalities in visual scanning when Parkinson's disease patients view images of varying complexity. Eighteen nondemented Parkinson's disease patients and 18 normal subjects participated in the study. The ocular fixation position during viewing visual images was recorded using an eye‐tracking device. The number of saccades, duration of fixation, amplitude of saccades, and scanned area in Parkinson's disease patients were compared with those in normal subjects. We also investigated whether the number of saccades, duration of fixation, or amplitude of saccades influenced the scanned area. While scanning images of varying complexity, Parkinson's disease patients made fewer saccades with smaller amplitude and longer fixation compared with normal subjects. As image complexity increased, the number of saccades and duration of fixation gradually approached those of normal subjects. Nevertheless, the scanned area in Parkinson's disease patients was consistently smaller than that in normal subjects. The scanned area significantly correlated with saccade amplitude in most images. Importantly, although Parkinson's disease patients cannot make frequent saccades when viewing simple figures, they can increase the saccade number and reduce their fixation duration when viewing more complex figures, making use of the abundant visual cues in such figures, suggesting the existence of ocular kinesie paradoxale. Nevertheless, both the saccade amplitude and the scanned area were consistently smaller than those of normal subjects for all levels of visual complexity. This indicates that small saccade amplitude is the main cause of impaired visual scanning in Parkinson's disease patients. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
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DOI: 10.1002/mds.23683
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sort="Ugawa, Yoshikazu" uniqKey="Ugawa Y" first="Yoshikazu" last="Ugawa">Yoshikazu Ugawa</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. Disord.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-08-01">2011-08-01</date><biblScope unit="volume">26</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1619">1619</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1626">1626</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></series><idno type="istex">28E52CB05D0C32C759D85C0470D0DDE4514DB6BB</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/mds.23683</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MDS23683</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Parkinson's disease</term><term>attention</term><term>eye movement</term><term>saccade</term><term>vision</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The purpose of this study was to investigate abnormalities in visual scanning when Parkinson's disease patients view images of varying complexity. Eighteen nondemented Parkinson's disease patients and 18 normal subjects participated in the study. The ocular fixation position during viewing visual images was recorded using an eye‐tracking device. The number of saccades, duration of fixation, amplitude of saccades, and scanned area in Parkinson's disease patients were compared with those in normal subjects. We also investigated whether the number of saccades, duration of fixation, or amplitude of saccades influenced the scanned area. While scanning images of varying complexity, Parkinson's disease patients made fewer saccades with smaller amplitude and longer fixation compared with normal subjects. As image complexity increased, the number of saccades and duration of fixation gradually approached those of normal subjects. Nevertheless, the scanned area in Parkinson's disease patients was consistently smaller than that in normal subjects. The scanned area significantly correlated with saccade amplitude in most images. Importantly, although Parkinson's disease patients cannot make frequent saccades when viewing simple figures, they can increase the saccade number and reduce their fixation duration when viewing more complex figures, making use of the abundant visual cues in such figures, suggesting the existence of ocular kinesie paradoxale. Nevertheless, both the saccade amplitude and the scanned area were consistently smaller than those of normal subjects for all levels of visual complexity. This indicates that small saccade amplitude is the main cause of impaired visual scanning in Parkinson's disease patients. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Hideyuki Matsumoto MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Yasuo Terao MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Toshiaki Furubayashi</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Akihiro Yugeta MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Hideki Fukuda PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Segawa Neurological Clinic for Children, Tokyo, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Masaki Emoto PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ritsuko Hanajima MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Yoshikazu Ugawa MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Parkinson's disease</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>vision</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>eye movement</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>saccade</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>attention</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>MDS23683</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>The purpose of this study was to investigate abnormalities in visual scanning when Parkinson's disease patients view images of varying complexity. Eighteen nondemented Parkinson's disease patients and 18 normal subjects participated in the study. The ocular fixation position during viewing visual images was recorded using an eye‐tracking device. The number of saccades, duration of fixation, amplitude of saccades, and scanned area in Parkinson's disease patients were compared with those in normal subjects. We also investigated whether the number of saccades, duration of fixation, or amplitude of saccades influenced the scanned area. While scanning images of varying complexity, Parkinson's disease patients made fewer saccades with smaller amplitude and longer fixation compared with normal subjects. As image complexity increased, the number of saccades and duration of fixation gradually approached those of normal subjects. Nevertheless, the scanned area in Parkinson's disease patients was consistently smaller than that in normal subjects. The scanned area significantly correlated with saccade amplitude in most images. Importantly, although Parkinson's disease patients cannot make frequent saccades when viewing simple figures, they can increase the saccade number and reduce their fixation duration when viewing more complex figures, making use of the abundant visual cues in such figures, suggesting the existence of ocular kinesie paradoxale. Nevertheless, both the saccade amplitude and the scanned area were consistently smaller than those of normal subjects for all levels of visual complexity. This indicates that small saccade amplitude is the main cause of impaired visual scanning in Parkinson's disease patients. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.513</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612 x 810 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>5</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1771</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>4513</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>27540</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>8</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>250</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Small saccades restrict visual scanning area in Parkinson's disease</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>26</volume><publisherId><json:string>MDS</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>8</total><last>1626</last><first>1619</first></pages><issn><json:string>0885-3185</json:string></issn><issue>9</issue><subject><json:item><value>Research Article</value></json:item></subject><genre><json:string>Journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1531-8257</json:string></eissn><title>Movement Disorders</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</json:string></doi></host><publicationDate>2011</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2011</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/mds.23683</json:string></doi><id>28E52CB05D0C32C759D85C0470D0DDE4514DB6BB</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/28E52CB05D0C32C759D85C0470D0DDE4514DB6BB/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/28E52CB05D0C32C759D85C0470D0DDE4514DB6BB/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/28E52CB05D0C32C759D85C0470D0DDE4514DB6BB/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Small saccades restrict visual scanning area in Parkinson's disease</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><availability><p>WILEY</p></availability><date>2011</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>Author Roles and Disclosures</note><note type="content">*Relevant conflicts of interest/financial disclosures: Nothing to report.</note><note type="content">*Yasuo Terao is supported by supported by a Research Project Grant‐in‐aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan Research and GlaxoSmithKline and Boehringer Ingelheim and has received speaker's honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim. Ritsuko Hanajima is supported by a Research Project Grant‐in‐aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan Research and has received speaker's honoraria from Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd.; Novartis Japan Co., Ltd.; and Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma. Co., Ltd. Yoshikazu Ugawa is supported by a Research Project Grant‐in‐aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan Research; by grants for the Research Committee on the Best rTMS Treatment of Parkinson's Disease from the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan; by the Research Committee on Dystonia of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan; and by a grant from the Committee of the Study of Human Exposure to EMF from the Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Post and Telecommunications. Hideyuki Matsumoto, Toshiaki Furubayashi, Akihiro Yugeta, Hideki Fukuda, and Masaki Emoto have no disclosures. Full financial disclosures and author roles may be found in the online version of this article.</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Small saccades restrict visual scanning area in Parkinson's disease</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Hideyuki</forename><surname>Matsumoto</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName><note type="correspondence"><p>Correspondence: Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐8655, Japan</p></note><affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Yasuo</forename><surname>Terao</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Toshiaki</forename><surname>Furubayashi</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Akihiro</forename><surname>Yugeta</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Hideki</forename><surname>Fukuda</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName><affiliation>Segawa Neurological Clinic for Children, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Masaki</forename><surname>Emoto</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName><affiliation>Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Ritsuko</forename><surname>Hanajima</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Yoshikazu</forename><surname>Ugawa</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. 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Eighteen nondemented Parkinson's disease patients and 18 normal subjects participated in the study. The ocular fixation position during viewing visual images was recorded using an eye‐tracking device. The number of saccades, duration of fixation, amplitude of saccades, and scanned area in Parkinson's disease patients were compared with those in normal subjects. We also investigated whether the number of saccades, duration of fixation, or amplitude of saccades influenced the scanned area. While scanning images of varying complexity, Parkinson's disease patients made fewer saccades with smaller amplitude and longer fixation compared with normal subjects. As image complexity increased, the number of saccades and duration of fixation gradually approached those of normal subjects. Nevertheless, the scanned area in Parkinson's disease patients was consistently smaller than that in normal subjects. The scanned area significantly correlated with saccade amplitude in most images. Importantly, although Parkinson's disease patients cannot make frequent saccades when viewing simple figures, they can increase the saccade number and reduce their fixation duration when viewing more complex figures, making use of the abundant visual cues in such figures, suggesting the existence of ocular kinesie paradoxale. Nevertheless, both the saccade amplitude and the scanned area were consistently smaller than those of normal subjects for all levels of visual complexity. 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affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Toshiaki</givenNames><familyName>Furubayashi</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Akihiro</givenNames><familyName>Yugeta</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Hideki</givenNames><familyName>Fukuda</familyName><degrees>PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3"><personName><givenNames>Masaki</givenNames><familyName>Emoto</familyName><degrees>PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au7" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Ritsuko</givenNames><familyName>Hanajima</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au8" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af4"><personName><givenNames>Yoshikazu</givenNames><familyName>Ugawa</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="JP" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="JP" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Segawa Neurological Clinic for Children, Tokyo, Japan</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="JP" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af4" countryCode="JP" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">Parkinson's disease</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">vision</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">eye movement</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">saccade</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">attention</keyword></keywordGroup><supportingInformation><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting information" href="urn-x:wiley:08853185:media:mds23683:MDS_23683_sm_authorroles"></mediaResource><caption>Author Roles and Disclosures</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate abnormalities in visual scanning when Parkinson's disease patients view images of varying complexity. Eighteen nondemented Parkinson's disease patients and 18 normal subjects participated in the study. The ocular fixation position during viewing visual images was recorded using an eye‐tracking device. The number of saccades, duration of fixation, amplitude of saccades, and scanned area in Parkinson's disease patients were compared with those in normal subjects. We also investigated whether the number of saccades, duration of fixation, or amplitude of saccades influenced the scanned area. While scanning images of varying complexity, Parkinson's disease patients made fewer saccades with smaller amplitude and longer fixation compared with normal subjects. As image complexity increased, the number of saccades and duration of fixation gradually approached those of normal subjects. Nevertheless, the scanned area in Parkinson's disease patients was consistently smaller than that in normal subjects. The scanned area significantly correlated with saccade amplitude in most images. Importantly, although Parkinson's disease patients cannot make frequent saccades when viewing simple figures, they can increase the saccade number and reduce their fixation duration when viewing more complex figures, making use of the abundant visual cues in such figures, suggesting the existence of ocular <i>kinesie paradoxale</i>. Nevertheless, both the saccade amplitude and the scanned area were consistently smaller than those of normal subjects for all levels of visual complexity. This indicates that small saccade amplitude is the main cause of impaired visual scanning in Parkinson's disease patients. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p><b>Relevant conflicts of interest/financial disclosures:</b> Nothing to report.</p></note><note xml:id="fn2"><p>Yasuo Terao is supported by supported by a Research Project Grant‐in‐aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan Research and GlaxoSmithKline and Boehringer Ingelheim and has received speaker's honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim. Ritsuko Hanajima is supported by a Research Project Grant‐in‐aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan Research and has received speaker's honoraria from Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd.; Novartis Japan Co., Ltd.; and Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma. Co., Ltd. Yoshikazu Ugawa is supported by a Research Project Grant‐in‐aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan Research; by grants for the Research Committee on the Best rTMS Treatment of Parkinson's Disease from the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan; by the Research Committee on Dystonia of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan; and by a grant from the Committee of the Study of Human Exposure to EMF from the Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Post and Telecommunications. Hideyuki Matsumoto, Toshiaki Furubayashi, Akihiro Yugeta, Hideki Fukuda, and Masaki Emoto have no disclosures. Full financial disclosures and author roles may be found in the online version of this article.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Small saccades restrict visual scanning area in Parkinson's disease</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Narrowed Scanning Area in PD</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Small saccades restrict visual scanning area in Parkinson's disease</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hideyuki</namePart><namePart type="family">Matsumoto</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><description>Correspondence: Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐8655, Japan</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yasuo</namePart><namePart type="family">Terao</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Toshiaki</namePart><namePart type="family">Furubayashi</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Akihiro</namePart><namePart type="family">Yugeta</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hideki</namePart><namePart type="family">Fukuda</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>Segawa Neurological Clinic for Children, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Masaki</namePart><namePart type="family">Emoto</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ritsuko</namePart><namePart type="family">Hanajima</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yoshikazu</namePart><namePart type="family">Ugawa</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-08-01</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2010-09-26</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2011-01-24</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">3</extent><extent unit="tables">5</extent><extent unit="references">29</extent><extent unit="words">6132</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The purpose of this study was to investigate abnormalities in visual scanning when Parkinson's disease patients view images of varying complexity. Eighteen nondemented Parkinson's disease patients and 18 normal subjects participated in the study. The ocular fixation position during viewing visual images was recorded using an eye‐tracking device. The number of saccades, duration of fixation, amplitude of saccades, and scanned area in Parkinson's disease patients were compared with those in normal subjects. We also investigated whether the number of saccades, duration of fixation, or amplitude of saccades influenced the scanned area. While scanning images of varying complexity, Parkinson's disease patients made fewer saccades with smaller amplitude and longer fixation compared with normal subjects. As image complexity increased, the number of saccades and duration of fixation gradually approached those of normal subjects. Nevertheless, the scanned area in Parkinson's disease patients was consistently smaller than that in normal subjects. The scanned area significantly correlated with saccade amplitude in most images. Importantly, although Parkinson's disease patients cannot make frequent saccades when viewing simple figures, they can increase the saccade number and reduce their fixation duration when viewing more complex figures, making use of the abundant visual cues in such figures, suggesting the existence of ocular kinesie paradoxale. Nevertheless, both the saccade amplitude and the scanned area were consistently smaller than those of normal subjects for all levels of visual complexity. This indicates that small saccade amplitude is the main cause of impaired visual scanning in Parkinson's disease patients. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</abstract><note type="additional physical form">Author Roles and Disclosures</note><note type="content">*Relevant conflicts of interest/financial disclosures: Nothing to report.</note><note type="content">*Yasuo Terao is supported by supported by a Research Project Grant‐in‐aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan Research and GlaxoSmithKline and Boehringer Ingelheim and has received speaker's honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim. Ritsuko Hanajima is supported by a Research Project Grant‐in‐aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan Research and has received speaker's honoraria from Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd.; Novartis Japan Co., Ltd.; and Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma. Co., Ltd. Yoshikazu Ugawa is supported by a Research Project Grant‐in‐aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan Research; by grants for the Research Committee on the Best rTMS Treatment of Parkinson's Disease from the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan; by the Research Committee on Dystonia of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan; and by a grant from the Committee of the Study of Human Exposure to EMF from the Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Post and Telecommunications. Hideyuki Matsumoto, Toshiaki Furubayashi, Akihiro Yugeta, Hideki Fukuda, and Masaki Emoto have no disclosures. Full financial disclosures and author roles may be found in the online version of this article.</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Parkinson's disease</topic><topic>vision</topic><topic>eye movement</topic><topic>saccade</topic><topic>attention</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Movement Disorders</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Mov. Disord.</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0885-3185</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1531-8257</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">MDS</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>26</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1619</start><end>1626</end><total>8</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">28E52CB05D0C32C759D85C0470D0DDE4514DB6BB</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/mds.23683</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">MDS23683</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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