Diagnostic criteria for apathy in clinical practice
Identifieur interne : 001336 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001335; suivant : 001337Diagnostic criteria for apathy in clinical practice
Auteurs : E. Mulin ; E. Leone ; K. Dujardin ; M. Delliaux ; A. Leentjens ; F. Nobili ; B. Dessi ; O. Tible ; L. Agüera-Ortiz ; R. S. Osorio ; J. Yessavage ; D. Dachevsky ; F. Rj. Verhey ; Alfonso J. Cruz Jentoft ; O. Blanc ; P. M Llorca ; P. H. RobertSource :
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry [ 0885-6230 ] ; 2011-02.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Background: Apathy is an important and distressing behavioural symptom in Alzheimer's disease and in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Recently, diagnostic criteria for apathy have been proposed. Objectives: In groups of patients suffering from different neuropsychiatric diseases, (i) to estimate the prevalence of patients meeting the proposed diagnostic criteria; (ii) to estimate the concurrent validity of the criteria with the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) apathy item; (iii) to identify the most frequently met criteria or sub‐criteria in each specific neuropsychiatric disease and (iv) to estimate the inter‐observer reliability of the diagnostic criteria for apathy. Methods: This cross‐sectional, multicentric, observational study was performed on 306 patients. Each of the participating centres had to check the presence of apathy according to the diagnostic criteria for apathy in consecutive patients belonging to the following diagnoses list: Alzheimer disease (AD), mixed dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Parkinson's disease (PD), Schizophrenia (DSM‐IV) and major depressive episode. In addition to the clinical interview, the assessment included the Mini Mental Score Examination (MMSE) and the NPI. At the end of the visit, clinicians were required to check the diagnostic criteria for apathy. Results: Using the diagnostic criteria for apathy, the frequency of apathy was of 53% in the whole population, 55% in AD, 70% in mixed dementia, 43% in MCI, 27% in PD, 53% in schizophrenia and 94% in major depressive episode. In AD, mixed dementia, MCI and PD, the NPI apathy score was significantly higher for patient fulfilling the apathy criteria. Goal‐directed cognitive activity (criteria B2‐Cognition) was the most frequently observed domain followed by goal‐directed behaviour (criteria B1—Behaviour) and emotion (criteria B3), respectively. Inter‐rater reliability was high for the overall diagnostic (κ coefficient = 0.93; p = 0.0001) and for each criteria. Conclusion: This study is the first one to test the diagnostic criteria for apathy in clinical practice. Results make the diagnostic criteria useful for clinical practice and research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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DOI: 10.1002/gps.2508
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Yessavage</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sierra‐Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto VA Health Care System, CA, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dachevsky, D" sort="Dachevsky, D" uniqKey="Dachevsky D" first="D." last="Dachevsky">D. Dachevsky</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry; National University Rosario, Argentina</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verhey, F Rj" sort="Verhey, F Rj" uniqKey="Verhey F" first="F. Rj." last="Verhey">F. Rj. Verhey</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Maastricht University Medical Center/ Alzheimer Centre Limburg, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jentoft, Alfonso J Cruz" sort="Jentoft, Alfonso J Cruz" uniqKey="Jentoft A" first="Alfonso J. Cruz" last="Jentoft">Alfonso J. Cruz Jentoft</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blanc, O" sort="Blanc, O" uniqKey="Blanc O" first="O." last="Blanc">O. Blanc</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Université d'Auvergne, CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Llorca, P M" sort="Llorca, P M" uniqKey="Llorca P" first="P. M" last="Llorca">P. M Llorca</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Université d'Auvergne, CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robert, P H" sort="Robert, P H" uniqKey="Robert P" first="P. H." last="Robert">P. H. Robert</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:809D1EED246CBF5A2BC103F9DEC7E127BCF87954</idno><date when="2011" year="2011">2011</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/gps.2508</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/809D1EED246CBF5A2BC103F9DEC7E127BCF87954/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001336</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Diagnostic criteria for apathy in clinical practice</title><author><name sortKey="Mulin, E" sort="Mulin, E" uniqKey="Mulin E" first="E." last="Mulin">E. Mulin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leone, E" sort="Leone, E" uniqKey="Leone E" first="E." last="Leone">E. Leone</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dujardin, K" sort="Dujardin, K" uniqKey="Dujardin K" first="K." last="Dujardin">K. Dujardin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Neurology and Movement Disorders, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delliaux, M" sort="Delliaux, M" uniqKey="Delliaux M" first="M." last="Delliaux">M. Delliaux</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Neurology and Movement Disorders, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leentjens, A" sort="Leentjens, A" uniqKey="Leentjens A" first="A." last="Leentjens">A. Leentjens</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University Medical Center/Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nobili, F" sort="Nobili, F" uniqKey="Nobili F" first="F." last="Nobili">F. Nobili</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, Azienda Ospedale‐Università S. Martino, Genova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dessi, B" sort="Dessi, B" uniqKey="Dessi B" first="B." last="Dessi">B. Dessi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, Azienda Ospedale‐Università S. Martino, Genova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tible, O" sort="Tible, O" uniqKey="Tible O" first="O." last="Tible">O. Tible</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aguera Rtiz, L" sort="Aguera Rtiz, L" uniqKey="Aguera Rtiz L" first="L." last="Agüera-Ortiz">L. Agüera-Ortiz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Alzheimer Project Research Unit, Cien & Reina Sofia Foundation, Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osorio, R S" sort="Osorio, R S" uniqKey="Osorio R" first="R. S." last="Osorio">R. S. Osorio</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Alzheimer Project Research Unit, Cien & Reina Sofia Foundation, Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yessavage, J" sort="Yessavage, J" uniqKey="Yessavage J" first="J." last="Yessavage">J. Yessavage</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sierra‐Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto VA Health Care System, CA, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dachevsky, D" sort="Dachevsky, D" uniqKey="Dachevsky D" first="D." last="Dachevsky">D. Dachevsky</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry; National University Rosario, Argentina</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verhey, F Rj" sort="Verhey, F Rj" uniqKey="Verhey F" first="F. Rj." last="Verhey">F. Rj. Verhey</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Maastricht University Medical Center/ Alzheimer Centre Limburg, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jentoft, Alfonso J Cruz" sort="Jentoft, Alfonso J Cruz" uniqKey="Jentoft A" first="Alfonso J. Cruz" last="Jentoft">Alfonso J. Cruz Jentoft</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blanc, O" sort="Blanc, O" uniqKey="Blanc O" first="O." last="Blanc">O. Blanc</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Université d'Auvergne, CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Llorca, P M" sort="Llorca, P M" uniqKey="Llorca P" first="P. M" last="Llorca">P. M Llorca</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Université d'Auvergne, CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robert, P H" sort="Robert, P H" uniqKey="Robert P" first="P. H." last="Robert">P. H. Robert</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-6230</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-1166</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-02">2011-02</date><biblScope unit="volume">26</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="158">158</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="165">165</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0885-6230</idno></series><idno type="istex">809D1EED246CBF5A2BC103F9DEC7E127BCF87954</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/gps.2508</idno><idno type="ArticleID">GPS2508</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0885-6230</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Alzheimer's disease</term><term>apathy</term><term>dementia</term><term>diagnostic criteria</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Background: Apathy is an important and distressing behavioural symptom in Alzheimer's disease and in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Recently, diagnostic criteria for apathy have been proposed. Objectives: In groups of patients suffering from different neuropsychiatric diseases, (i) to estimate the prevalence of patients meeting the proposed diagnostic criteria; (ii) to estimate the concurrent validity of the criteria with the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) apathy item; (iii) to identify the most frequently met criteria or sub‐criteria in each specific neuropsychiatric disease and (iv) to estimate the inter‐observer reliability of the diagnostic criteria for apathy. Methods: This cross‐sectional, multicentric, observational study was performed on 306 patients. Each of the participating centres had to check the presence of apathy according to the diagnostic criteria for apathy in consecutive patients belonging to the following diagnoses list: Alzheimer disease (AD), mixed dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Parkinson's disease (PD), Schizophrenia (DSM‐IV) and major depressive episode. In addition to the clinical interview, the assessment included the Mini Mental Score Examination (MMSE) and the NPI. At the end of the visit, clinicians were required to check the diagnostic criteria for apathy. Results: Using the diagnostic criteria for apathy, the frequency of apathy was of 53% in the whole population, 55% in AD, 70% in mixed dementia, 43% in MCI, 27% in PD, 53% in schizophrenia and 94% in major depressive episode. In AD, mixed dementia, MCI and PD, the NPI apathy score was significantly higher for patient fulfilling the apathy criteria. Goal‐directed cognitive activity (criteria B2‐Cognition) was the most frequently observed domain followed by goal‐directed behaviour (criteria B1—Behaviour) and emotion (criteria B3), respectively. Inter‐rater reliability was high for the overall diagnostic (κ coefficient = 0.93; p = 0.0001) and for each criteria. Conclusion: This study is the first one to test the diagnostic criteria for apathy in clinical practice. Results make the diagnostic criteria useful for clinical practice and research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>E. Mulin</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>E. Leone</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>K. Dujardin</name><affiliations><json:string>Neurology and Movement Disorders, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. Delliaux</name><affiliations><json:string>Neurology and Movement Disorders, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. Leentjens</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University Medical Center/Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>F. Nobili</name><affiliations><json:string>Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, Azienda Ospedale‐Università S. Martino, Genova, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>B. Dessi</name><affiliations><json:string>Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, Azienda Ospedale‐Università S. Martino, Genova, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>O. Tible</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Psychiatry, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>L. Agüera‐Ortiz</name><affiliations><json:string>Alzheimer Project Research Unit, Cien & Reina Sofia Foundation, Madrid, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R. S. Osorio</name><affiliations><json:string>Alzheimer Project Research Unit, Cien & Reina Sofia Foundation, Madrid, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J. Yessavage</name><affiliations><json:string>Sierra‐Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto VA Health Care System, CA, USA</json:string><json:string>Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. Dachevsky</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Psychiatry; National University Rosario, Argentina</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>F.RJ. Verhey</name><affiliations><json:string>Maastricht University Medical Center/ Alzheimer Centre Limburg, the Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Alfonso J. Cruz Jentoft</name><affiliations><json:string>Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>O. Blanc</name><affiliations><json:string>Université d'Auvergne, CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>P.M Llorca</name><affiliations><json:string>Université d'Auvergne, CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>P. H. Robert</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>apathy</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>dementia</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Alzheimer's disease</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>diagnostic criteria</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>GPS2508</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Background: Apathy is an important and distressing behavioural symptom in Alzheimer's disease and in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Recently, diagnostic criteria for apathy have been proposed. Objectives: In groups of patients suffering from different neuropsychiatric diseases, (i) to estimate the prevalence of patients meeting the proposed diagnostic criteria; (ii) to estimate the concurrent validity of the criteria with the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) apathy item; (iii) to identify the most frequently met criteria or sub‐criteria in each specific neuropsychiatric disease and (iv) to estimate the inter‐observer reliability of the diagnostic criteria for apathy. Methods: This cross‐sectional, multicentric, observational study was performed on 306 patients. Each of the participating centres had to check the presence of apathy according to the diagnostic criteria for apathy in consecutive patients belonging to the following diagnoses list: Alzheimer disease (AD), mixed dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Parkinson's disease (PD), Schizophrenia (DSM‐IV) and major depressive episode. In addition to the clinical interview, the assessment included the Mini Mental Score Examination (MMSE) and the NPI. At the end of the visit, clinicians were required to check the diagnostic criteria for apathy. Results: Using the diagnostic criteria for apathy, the frequency of apathy was of 53% in the whole population, 55% in AD, 70% in mixed dementia, 43% in MCI, 27% in PD, 53% in schizophrenia and 94% in major depressive episode. In AD, mixed dementia, MCI and PD, the NPI apathy score was significantly higher for patient fulfilling the apathy criteria. Goal‐directed cognitive activity (criteria B2‐Cognition) was the most frequently observed domain followed by goal‐directed behaviour (criteria B1—Behaviour) and emotion (criteria B3), respectively. Inter‐rater reliability was high for the overall diagnostic (κ coefficient = 0.93; p = 0.0001) and for each criteria. Conclusion: This study is the first one to test the diagnostic criteria for apathy in clinical practice. Results make the diagnostic criteria useful for clinical practice and research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.426</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595 x 791 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>4</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>2218</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>4426</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>28772</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>8</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>315</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Diagnostic criteria for apathy in clinical practice</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>26</volume><publisherId><json:string>GPS</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>8</total><last>165</last><first>158</first></pages><issn><json:string>0885-6230</json:string></issn><issue>2</issue><subject><json:item><value>Research Article</value></json:item></subject><genre><json:string>Journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1099-1166</json:string></eissn><title>International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1166</json:string></doi></host><publicationDate>2011</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2011</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/gps.2508</json:string></doi><id>809D1EED246CBF5A2BC103F9DEC7E127BCF87954</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/809D1EED246CBF5A2BC103F9DEC7E127BCF87954/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/809D1EED246CBF5A2BC103F9DEC7E127BCF87954/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/809D1EED246CBF5A2BC103F9DEC7E127BCF87954/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Diagnostic criteria for apathy in clinical practice</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>WILEY</p></availability><date>2011</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Diagnostic criteria for apathy in clinical practice</title><author><persName><forename type="first">E.</forename><surname>Mulin</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">E.</forename><surname>Leone</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">K.</forename><surname>Dujardin</surname></persName><affiliation>Neurology and Movement Disorders, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M.</forename><surname>Delliaux</surname></persName><affiliation>Neurology and Movement Disorders, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename><surname>Leentjens</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University Medical Center/Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">F.</forename><surname>Nobili</surname></persName><affiliation>Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, Azienda Ospedale‐Università S. Martino, Genova, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">B.</forename><surname>Dessi</surname></persName><affiliation>Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, Azienda Ospedale‐Università S. Martino, Genova, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">O.</forename><surname>Tible</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">L.</forename><surname>Agüera‐Ortiz</surname></persName><affiliation>Alzheimer Project Research Unit, Cien & Reina Sofia Foundation, Madrid, Spain</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">R. S.</forename><surname>Osorio</surname></persName><affiliation>Alzheimer Project Research Unit, Cien & Reina Sofia Foundation, Madrid, Spain</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">J.</forename><surname>Yessavage</surname></persName><affiliation>Sierra‐Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto VA Health Care System, CA, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">D.</forename><surname>Dachevsky</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Psychiatry; National University Rosario, Argentina</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">F.RJ.</forename><surname>Verhey</surname></persName><affiliation>Maastricht University Medical Center/ Alzheimer Centre Limburg, the Netherlands</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Alfonso J. Cruz</forename><surname>Jentoft</surname></persName><affiliation>Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">O.</forename><surname>Blanc</surname></persName><affiliation>Université d'Auvergne, CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">P.M</forename><surname>Llorca</surname></persName><affiliation>Université d'Auvergne, CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">P. H.</forename><surname>Robert</surname></persName><note type="correspondence"><p>Correspondence: Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France.</p></note><affiliation>Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry</title><idno type="pISSN">0885-6230</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-1166</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1166</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-02"></date><biblScope unit="volume">26</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="158">158</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="165">165</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">809D1EED246CBF5A2BC103F9DEC7E127BCF87954</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/gps.2508</idno><idno type="ArticleID">GPS2508</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2011</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: Apathy is an important and distressing behavioural symptom in Alzheimer's disease and in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Recently, diagnostic criteria for apathy have been proposed. Objectives: In groups of patients suffering from different neuropsychiatric diseases, (i) to estimate the prevalence of patients meeting the proposed diagnostic criteria; (ii) to estimate the concurrent validity of the criteria with the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) apathy item; (iii) to identify the most frequently met criteria or sub‐criteria in each specific neuropsychiatric disease and (iv) to estimate the inter‐observer reliability of the diagnostic criteria for apathy. Methods: This cross‐sectional, multicentric, observational study was performed on 306 patients. Each of the participating centres had to check the presence of apathy according to the diagnostic criteria for apathy in consecutive patients belonging to the following diagnoses list: Alzheimer disease (AD), mixed dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Parkinson's disease (PD), Schizophrenia (DSM‐IV) and major depressive episode. In addition to the clinical interview, the assessment included the Mini Mental Score Examination (MMSE) and the NPI. At the end of the visit, clinicians were required to check the diagnostic criteria for apathy. Results: Using the diagnostic criteria for apathy, the frequency of apathy was of 53% in the whole population, 55% in AD, 70% in mixed dementia, 43% in MCI, 27% in PD, 53% in schizophrenia and 94% in major depressive episode. In AD, mixed dementia, MCI and PD, the NPI apathy score was significantly higher for patient fulfilling the apathy criteria. Goal‐directed cognitive activity (criteria B2‐Cognition) was the most frequently observed domain followed by goal‐directed behaviour (criteria B1—Behaviour) and emotion (criteria B3), respectively. Inter‐rater reliability was high for the overall diagnostic (κ coefficient = 0.93; p = 0.0001) and for each criteria. Conclusion: This study is the first one to test the diagnostic criteria for apathy in clinical practice. Results make the diagnostic criteria useful for clinical practice and research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>apathy</term></item><item><term>dementia</term></item><item><term>Alzheimer's disease</term></item><item><term>diagnostic criteria</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article category</head><item><term>Research Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2009-10-19">Received</change><change when="2010-02-08">Registration</change><change when="2011-02">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/809D1EED246CBF5A2BC103F9DEC7E127BCF87954/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisherName><publisherLoc>Chichester, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1166</doi><issn type="print">0885-6230</issn><issn type="electronic">1099-1166</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="GPS"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY">International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry</title><title type="short">Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="20"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/gps.v26.2</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="26">26</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">2</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2011-02">February 2011</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="70" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/gps.2508</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="GPS2508"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="8"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Research Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Research Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2009-10-19"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2010-02-08"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2011-01-12"></event><event type="publishedOnlineAcceptedOrEarlyUnpaginated" date="2010-08-05"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.4.2 mode:FullText" date="2011-01-12"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2011-01-12"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-26"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-24"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">158</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">165</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France.</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:GPS.GPS2508.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="1"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="5"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="35"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Diagnostic criteria for apathy in clinical practice</title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">Diagnostic criteria for apathy</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>E.</givenNames><familyName>Mulin</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>E.</givenNames><familyName>Leone</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>K.</givenNames><familyName>Dujardin</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>M.</givenNames><familyName>Delliaux</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3"><personName><givenNames>A.</givenNames><familyName>Leentjens</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af4"><personName><givenNames>F.</givenNames><familyName>Nobili</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au7" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af4"><personName><givenNames>B.</givenNames><familyName>Dessi</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au8" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af5"><personName><givenNames>O.</givenNames><familyName>Tible</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au9" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af6"><personName><givenNames>L.</givenNames><familyName>Agüera‐Ortiz</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au10" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af6"><personName><givenNames>R. 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Cruz</givenNames><familyName>Jentoft</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au15" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af12"><personName><givenNames>O.</givenNames><familyName>Blanc</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au16" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af12"><personName><givenNames>P.M</givenNames><familyName>Llorca</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au17" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>P. H.</givenNames><familyName>Robert</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email>phil.robert15@orange.fr</email></contactDetails></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Neurology and Movement Disorders, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="NL" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University Medical Center/Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af4" countryCode="IT" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, Azienda Ospedale‐Università S. Martino, Genova, Italy</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af5" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af6" countryCode="ES" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Alzheimer Project Research Unit, Cien & Reina Sofia Foundation, Madrid, Spain</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af7" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Sierra‐Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto VA Health Care System, CA, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af8" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af9" countryCode="AR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Psychiatry; National University Rosario, Argentina</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af10" countryCode="NL" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Maastricht University Medical Center/ Alzheimer Centre Limburg, the Netherlands</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af11" countryCode="ES" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af12" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Université d'Auvergne, CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">apathy</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">dementia</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">Alzheimer's disease</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">diagnostic criteria</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><section xml:id="abs1-1"><title type="main">Background</title><p>Apathy is an important and distressing behavioural symptom in Alzheimer's disease and in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Recently, diagnostic criteria for apathy have been proposed.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-2"><title type="main">Objectives</title><p>In groups of patients suffering from different neuropsychiatric diseases, (i) to estimate the prevalence of patients meeting the proposed diagnostic criteria; (ii) to estimate the concurrent validity of the criteria with the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) apathy item; (iii) to identify the most frequently met criteria or sub‐criteria in each specific neuropsychiatric disease and (iv) to estimate the inter‐observer reliability of the diagnostic criteria for apathy.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-3"><title type="main">Methods</title><p>This cross‐sectional, multicentric, observational study was performed on 306 patients. Each of the participating centres had to check the presence of apathy according to the diagnostic criteria for apathy in consecutive patients belonging to the following diagnoses list: Alzheimer disease (AD), mixed dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Parkinson's disease (PD), Schizophrenia (DSM‐IV) and major depressive episode. In addition to the clinical interview, the assessment included the Mini Mental Score Examination (MMSE) and the NPI. At the end of the visit, clinicians were required to check the diagnostic criteria for apathy.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-4"><title type="main">Results</title><p>Using the diagnostic criteria for apathy, the frequency of apathy was of 53% in the whole population, 55% in AD, 70% in mixed dementia, 43% in MCI, 27% in PD, 53% in schizophrenia and 94% in major depressive episode. In AD, mixed dementia, MCI and PD, the NPI apathy score was significantly higher for patient fulfilling the apathy criteria. Goal‐directed cognitive activity (criteria B2‐Cognition) was the most frequently observed domain followed by goal‐directed behaviour (criteria B1—Behaviour) and emotion (criteria B3), respectively. Inter‐rater reliability was high for the overall diagnostic (<i>κ</i> coefficient = 0.93; <i>p</i> = 0.0001) and for each criteria.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-5"><title type="main">Conclusion</title><p>This study is the first one to test the diagnostic criteria for apathy in clinical practice. Results make the diagnostic criteria useful for clinical practice and research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></section></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Diagnostic criteria for apathy in clinical practice</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Diagnostic criteria for apathy</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Diagnostic criteria for apathy in clinical practice</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mulin</namePart><affiliation>Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Leone</namePart><affiliation>Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dujardin</namePart><affiliation>Neurology and Movement Disorders, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Delliaux</namePart><affiliation>Neurology and Movement Disorders, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Leentjens</namePart><affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University Medical Center/Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nobili</namePart><affiliation>Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, Azienda Ospedale‐Università S. Martino, Genova, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dessi</namePart><affiliation>Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, Azienda Ospedale‐Università S. Martino, Genova, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tible</namePart><affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Agüera‐Ortiz</namePart><affiliation>Alzheimer Project Research Unit, Cien & Reina Sofia Foundation, Madrid, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Osorio</namePart><affiliation>Alzheimer Project Research Unit, Cien & Reina Sofia Foundation, Madrid, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Yessavage</namePart><affiliation>Sierra‐Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto VA Health Care System, CA, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dachevsky</namePart><affiliation>Department of Psychiatry; National University Rosario, Argentina</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F.RJ.</namePart><namePart type="family">Verhey</namePart><affiliation>Maastricht University Medical Center/ Alzheimer Centre Limburg, the Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alfonso J. Cruz</namePart><namePart type="family">Jentoft</namePart><affiliation>Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O.</namePart><namePart type="family">Blanc</namePart><affiliation>Université d'Auvergne, CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.M</namePart><namePart type="family">Llorca</namePart><affiliation>Université d'Auvergne, CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Robert</namePart><affiliation>Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France</affiliation><description>Correspondence: Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU, Université de Nice Sophia, Antipolis, France.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Chichester, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-02</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2009-10-19</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2010-02-08</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">1</extent><extent unit="tables">5</extent><extent unit="references">35</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Background: Apathy is an important and distressing behavioural symptom in Alzheimer's disease and in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Recently, diagnostic criteria for apathy have been proposed. Objectives: In groups of patients suffering from different neuropsychiatric diseases, (i) to estimate the prevalence of patients meeting the proposed diagnostic criteria; (ii) to estimate the concurrent validity of the criteria with the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) apathy item; (iii) to identify the most frequently met criteria or sub‐criteria in each specific neuropsychiatric disease and (iv) to estimate the inter‐observer reliability of the diagnostic criteria for apathy. Methods: This cross‐sectional, multicentric, observational study was performed on 306 patients. Each of the participating centres had to check the presence of apathy according to the diagnostic criteria for apathy in consecutive patients belonging to the following diagnoses list: Alzheimer disease (AD), mixed dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Parkinson's disease (PD), Schizophrenia (DSM‐IV) and major depressive episode. In addition to the clinical interview, the assessment included the Mini Mental Score Examination (MMSE) and the NPI. At the end of the visit, clinicians were required to check the diagnostic criteria for apathy. Results: Using the diagnostic criteria for apathy, the frequency of apathy was of 53% in the whole population, 55% in AD, 70% in mixed dementia, 43% in MCI, 27% in PD, 53% in schizophrenia and 94% in major depressive episode. In AD, mixed dementia, MCI and PD, the NPI apathy score was significantly higher for patient fulfilling the apathy criteria. Goal‐directed cognitive activity (criteria B2‐Cognition) was the most frequently observed domain followed by goal‐directed behaviour (criteria B1—Behaviour) and emotion (criteria B3), respectively. Inter‐rater reliability was high for the overall diagnostic (κ coefficient = 0.93; p = 0.0001) and for each criteria. Conclusion: This study is the first one to test the diagnostic criteria for apathy in clinical practice. Results make the diagnostic criteria useful for clinical practice and research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>apathy</topic><topic>dementia</topic><topic>Alzheimer's disease</topic><topic>diagnostic criteria</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0885-6230</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1099-1166</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1166</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">GPS</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>26</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>158</start><end>165</end><total>8</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">809D1EED246CBF5A2BC103F9DEC7E127BCF87954</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/gps.2508</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">GPS2508</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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