Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Saccades in Parkinson's Disease
Identifieur interne : 001312 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001311; suivant : 001313Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Saccades in Parkinson's Disease
Auteurs : Adrian P. Fawcett ; Esther G. González ; Elena Moro ; Martin J. Steinbach ; Andres M. Lozano ; William D. HutchisonSource :
- Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface [ 1094-7159 ] ; 2010-01.
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Abstract
Objectives. The clinical efficacy of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for major motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) is well established, but its effects on visually guided vs. internally generated eye movements in the medication off state need to be studied further. Since the basal ganglia are thought to be involved in the generation of voluntary movements under internal control, we hypothesized that voluntary saccades would show improvements with STN DBS. Materials and Methods. Seven PD patients with STN DBS performed visually guided and internally generated (anti‐ and memory‐guided) saccades with STN DBS on and off following 12 hours of levodopa withdrawal. The change in saccade reaction time, first saccade gain, and final saccade gain with STN DBS were measured. Results. STN DBS improved the reaction time of visually guided saccades but not of anti‐ or memory‐guided saccades. STN DBS also improved the first saccade gain of the anti‐ and memory‐guided saccades, but not of the visually guided saccades. Conclusions. These results demonstrate that STN DBS has differential effects on the parameters of visually guided and internally generated saccades. These effects may be mediated by the influence of STN DBS on cortical ocular motor areas, the basal ganglia, ocular motor loop, or downstream structures such as the brainstem saccade generating circuits.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2009.00246.x
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Fawcett</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, Esther G" sort="Gonzalez, Esther G" uniqKey="Gonzalez E" first="Esther G." last="González">Esther G. González</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Vision Science Research Program, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada;</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moro, Elena" sort="Moro, Elena" uniqKey="Moro E" first="Elena" last="Moro">Elena Moro</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; and</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinbach, Martin J" sort="Steinbach, Martin J" uniqKey="Steinbach M" first="Martin J." last="Steinbach">Martin J. Steinbach</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Vision Science Research Program, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada;</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lozano, Andres M" sort="Lozano, Andres M" uniqKey="Lozano A" first="Andres M." last="Lozano">Andres M. Lozano</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department. of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hutchison, William D" sort="Hutchison, William D" uniqKey="Hutchison W" first="William D." last="Hutchison">William D. Hutchison</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Vision Science Research Program, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada;</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department. of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface</title><idno type="ISSN">1094-7159</idno><idno type="eISSN">1525-1403</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><pubPlace>Malden, USA</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-01">2010-01</date><biblScope unit="volume">13</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="17">17</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="25">25</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1094-7159</idno></series><idno type="istex">5607C2AE9738321B0779970D87A328CBA0C234D4</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1525-1403.2009.00246.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">NER246</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1094-7159</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Basal ganglia</term><term>DBS</term><term>movement disorders</term><term>neurosurgery</term><term>ocular motor</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Objectives. The clinical efficacy of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for major motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) is well established, but its effects on visually guided vs. internally generated eye movements in the medication off state need to be studied further. Since the basal ganglia are thought to be involved in the generation of voluntary movements under internal control, we hypothesized that voluntary saccades would show improvements with STN DBS. Materials and Methods. Seven PD patients with STN DBS performed visually guided and internally generated (anti‐ and memory‐guided) saccades with STN DBS on and off following 12 hours of levodopa withdrawal. The change in saccade reaction time, first saccade gain, and final saccade gain with STN DBS were measured. Results. STN DBS improved the reaction time of visually guided saccades but not of anti‐ or memory‐guided saccades. STN DBS also improved the first saccade gain of the anti‐ and memory‐guided saccades, but not of the visually guided saccades. Conclusions. These results demonstrate that STN DBS has differential effects on the parameters of visually guided and internally generated saccades. These effects may be mediated by the influence of STN DBS on cortical ocular motor areas, the basal ganglia, ocular motor loop, or downstream structures such as the brainstem saccade generating circuits.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Adrian P. Fawcett PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Esther G. González PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Vision Science Research Program, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada;</json:string><json:string>Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Elena Moro MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; and</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Martin J. Steinbach PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Vision Science Research Program, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada;</json:string><json:string>Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Andres M. Lozano MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department. of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>William D. Hutchison PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;</json:string><json:string>Vision Science Research Program, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada;</json:string><json:string>Department. of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Basal ganglia</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>DBS</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>movement disorders</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>neurosurgery</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ocular motor</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>NER246</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Objectives. The clinical efficacy of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for major motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) is well established, but its effects on visually guided vs. internally generated eye movements in the medication off state need to be studied further. Since the basal ganglia are thought to be involved in the generation of voluntary movements under internal control, we hypothesized that voluntary saccades would show improvements with STN DBS. Materials and Methods. Seven PD patients with STN DBS performed visually guided and internally generated (anti‐ and memory‐guided) saccades with STN DBS on and off following 12 hours of levodopa withdrawal. The change in saccade reaction time, first saccade gain, and final saccade gain with STN DBS were measured. Results. STN DBS improved the reaction time of visually guided saccades but not of anti‐ or memory‐guided saccades. STN DBS also improved the first saccade gain of the anti‐ and memory‐guided saccades, but not of the visually guided saccades. Conclusions. These results demonstrate that STN DBS has differential effects on the parameters of visually guided and internally generated saccades. These effects may be mediated by the influence of STN DBS on cortical ocular motor areas, the basal ganglia, ocular motor loop, or downstream structures such as the brainstem saccade generating circuits.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.508</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>594 x 783 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>5</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1400</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>5338</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>33514</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>9</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>209</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Saccades in Parkinson's Disease</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>13</volume><publisherId><json:string>NER</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>8</total><last>25</last><first>17</first></pages><issn><json:string>1094-7159</json:string></issn><issue>1</issue><subject><json:item><value>CASE SERIES</value></json:item></subject><genre><json:string>Journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1525-1403</json:string></eissn><title>Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface</title><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1525-1403</json:string></doi></host><publicationDate>2010</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2010</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1525-1403.2009.00246.x</json:string></doi><id>5607C2AE9738321B0779970D87A328CBA0C234D4</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/5607C2AE9738321B0779970D87A328CBA0C234D4/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/5607C2AE9738321B0779970D87A328CBA0C234D4/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/5607C2AE9738321B0779970D87A328CBA0C234D4/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Saccades in Parkinson's Disease</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><pubPlace>Malden, USA</pubPlace><availability><p>WILEY</p></availability><date>2010</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Saccades in Parkinson's Disease</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Adrian P.</forename><surname>Fawcett</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName><affiliation>Department. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Esther G.</forename><surname>González</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName><affiliation>Vision Science Research Program, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada;</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Elena</forename><surname>Moro</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; and</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Martin J.</forename><surname>Steinbach</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName><affiliation>Vision Science Research Program, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada;</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Andres M.</forename><surname>Lozano</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName><affiliation>Department. of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">William D.</forename><surname>Hutchison</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName><note type="correspondence"><p>Correspondence: William D. Hutchison, PhD, Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St. MP11‐308, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8 Canada. Email:</p></note><affiliation>Department. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;</affiliation><affiliation>Vision Science Research Program, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada;</affiliation><affiliation>Department. of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface</title><idno type="pISSN">1094-7159</idno><idno type="eISSN">1525-1403</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1525-1403</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><pubPlace>Malden, USA</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-01"></date><biblScope unit="volume">13</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="17">17</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="25">25</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">5607C2AE9738321B0779970D87A328CBA0C234D4</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1525-1403.2009.00246.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">NER246</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2010</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objectives. The clinical efficacy of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for major motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) is well established, but its effects on visually guided vs. internally generated eye movements in the medication off state need to be studied further. Since the basal ganglia are thought to be involved in the generation of voluntary movements under internal control, we hypothesized that voluntary saccades would show improvements with STN DBS. Materials and Methods. Seven PD patients with STN DBS performed visually guided and internally generated (anti‐ and memory‐guided) saccades with STN DBS on and off following 12 hours of levodopa withdrawal. The change in saccade reaction time, first saccade gain, and final saccade gain with STN DBS were measured. Results. STN DBS improved the reaction time of visually guided saccades but not of anti‐ or memory‐guided saccades. STN DBS also improved the first saccade gain of the anti‐ and memory‐guided saccades, but not of the visually guided saccades. Conclusions. These results demonstrate that STN DBS has differential effects on the parameters of visually guided and internally generated saccades. These effects may be mediated by the influence of STN DBS on cortical ocular motor areas, the basal ganglia, ocular motor loop, or downstream structures such as the brainstem saccade generating circuits.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Basal ganglia</term></item><item><term>DBS</term></item><item><term>movement disorders</term></item><item><term>neurosurgery</term></item><item><term>ocular motor</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article category</head><item><term>CASE SERIES</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2010-01">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/5607C2AE9738321B0779970D87A328CBA0C234D4/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisherName><publisherLoc>Malden, USA</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1525-1403</doi><issn type="print">1094-7159</issn><issn type="electronic">1525-1403</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="NER"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="NEUROMODULATION TECHNOLOGY AT THE NEURAL INTERFACE">Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="01101"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/ner.2010.13.issue-1</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="13">13</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="1">1</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2010-01">January 2010</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="4" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1525-1403.2009.00246.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="NER246"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="8"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">C<sc>linical</sc> S<sc>tudies</sc>
B<sc>rain</sc> S<sc>timulation</sc></title><title type="tocHeading2">C<sc>ase</sc> S<sc>eries</sc></title><title type="articleCategory">CASE SERIES</title></titleGroup><copyright>© 2009 International Neuromodulation Society</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2009-11-13"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2010-01-03"></event><event type="publishedOnlineAcceptedOrEarlyUnpaginated" date="2009-11-13"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.5 mode:FullText" date="2011-06-20"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:4.0.1" date="2014-03-19"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-31"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="17">17</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="25">25</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>William D. Hutchison, PhD, Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St. MP11‐308, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8 Canada. Email: <email>whutch@uhnres.utoronto.ca</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:NER.NER246.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received: September 17, 2008; First revision: June 1, 2009; Accepted: July 28, 2009.</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="1"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="2"></count><count type="formulaTotal" number="0"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="48"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="5553"></count><count type="linksPubMed" number="0"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="0"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Saccades in Parkinson's Disease</title><title type="shortAuthors">FAWCETT ET AL.</title><title type="short">STN DBS IMPROVES SACCADES IN PD</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Adrian P.</givenNames><familyName>Fawcett</familyName><degrees>PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a2 #a3"><personName><givenNames>Esther G.</givenNames><familyName>González</familyName><degrees>PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a4"><personName><givenNames>Elena</givenNames><familyName>Moro</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a2 #a3"><personName><givenNames>Martin J.</givenNames><familyName>Steinbach</familyName><degrees>PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a5"><personName><givenNames>Andres M.</givenNames><familyName>Lozano</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a1 #a2 #a5" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>William D.</givenNames><familyName>Hutchison</familyName><degrees>PhD</degrees></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="CA"><unparsedAffiliation>Department. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="CA"><unparsedAffiliation>Vision Science Research Program, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada;</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="CA"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a4" countryCode="CA"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; and</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a5" countryCode="CA"><unparsedAffiliation>Department. of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">Basal ganglia</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">DBS</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">movement disorders</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">neurosurgery</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">ocular motor</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">ABSTRACT</title><p> <b>Objectives.</b> The clinical efficacy of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for major motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) is well established, but its effects on visually guided vs. internally generated eye movements in the medication off state need to be studied further. Since the basal ganglia are thought to be involved in the generation of voluntary movements under internal control, we hypothesized that voluntary saccades would show improvements with STN DBS. <b>Materials and Methods.</b> Seven PD patients with STN DBS performed visually guided and internally generated (anti‐ and memory‐guided) saccades with STN DBS on and off following 12 hours of levodopa withdrawal. The change in saccade reaction time, first saccade gain, and final saccade gain with STN DBS were measured. <b>Results.</b> STN DBS improved the reaction time of visually guided saccades but not of anti‐ or memory‐guided saccades. STN DBS also improved the first saccade gain of the anti‐ and memory‐guided saccades, but not of the visually guided saccades. <b>Conclusions.</b> These results demonstrate that STN DBS has differential effects on the parameters of visually guided and internally generated saccades. These effects may be mediated by the influence of STN DBS on cortical ocular motor areas, the basal ganglia, ocular motor loop, or downstream structures such as the brainstem saccade generating circuits.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p>For more information on author guidelines, an explanation of our peer review process, and conflict of interest informed consent policies, please go to <url href="http://www.wiley.com/bw/submit.asp?ref=1094-7159&site=1">http://www.wiley.com/bw/submit.asp?ref=1094‐7159&site=1</url></p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Saccades in Parkinson's Disease</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>STN DBS IMPROVES SACCADES IN PD</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Saccades in Parkinson's Disease</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Adrian P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fawcett</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Esther G.</namePart><namePart type="family">González</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>Vision Science Research Program, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada;</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Elena</namePart><namePart type="family">Moro</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; and</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Martin J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Steinbach</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>Vision Science Research Program, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada;</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Andres M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lozano</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department. of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">William D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hutchison</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;</affiliation><affiliation>Vision Science Research Program, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada;</affiliation><affiliation>Department. of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada</affiliation><description>Correspondence: William D. Hutchison, PhD, Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St. MP11‐308, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8 Canada. Email: </description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Malden, USA</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-01</dateIssued><edition>Received: September 17, 2008; First revision: June 1, 2009; Accepted: July 28, 2009.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">1</extent><extent unit="tables">2</extent><extent unit="references">48</extent><extent unit="words">5553</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Objectives. The clinical efficacy of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for major motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) is well established, but its effects on visually guided vs. internally generated eye movements in the medication off state need to be studied further. Since the basal ganglia are thought to be involved in the generation of voluntary movements under internal control, we hypothesized that voluntary saccades would show improvements with STN DBS. Materials and Methods. Seven PD patients with STN DBS performed visually guided and internally generated (anti‐ and memory‐guided) saccades with STN DBS on and off following 12 hours of levodopa withdrawal. The change in saccade reaction time, first saccade gain, and final saccade gain with STN DBS were measured. Results. STN DBS improved the reaction time of visually guided saccades but not of anti‐ or memory‐guided saccades. STN DBS also improved the first saccade gain of the anti‐ and memory‐guided saccades, but not of the visually guided saccades. Conclusions. These results demonstrate that STN DBS has differential effects on the parameters of visually guided and internally generated saccades. These effects may be mediated by the influence of STN DBS on cortical ocular motor areas, the basal ganglia, ocular motor loop, or downstream structures such as the brainstem saccade generating circuits.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Basal ganglia</topic><topic>DBS</topic><topic>movement disorders</topic><topic>neurosurgery</topic><topic>ocular motor</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article category</genre><topic>CASE SERIES</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1094-7159</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1525-1403</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1525-1403</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">NER</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>13</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>17</start><end>25</end><total>8</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">5607C2AE9738321B0779970D87A328CBA0C234D4</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1525-1403.2009.00246.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">NER246</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2009 International Neuromodulation Society</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Inc</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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