Space‐Time Database for Standardization of Adult Magnetocardiogram‐Making Standard MCG Parameters
Identifieur interne : 000F07 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000F06; suivant : 000F08Space‐Time Database for Standardization of Adult Magnetocardiogram‐Making Standard MCG Parameters
Auteurs : Akihiko Kandori ; Kuniomi Ogata ; Yasushi Watanabe ; Noriko Takuma ; Kimio Tanaka ; Masahiro Murakami ; Tsuyoshi Miyashita ; Nobuo Sasaki ; Yuji OkaSource :
- Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology [ 0147-8389 ] ; 2008-04.
English descriptors
Abstract
Background: The magnetocardiogram (MCG) is a promising medical tool for detecting and visualizing abnormal cardiac electrical activation in heart‐disease patients. However, there is no large‐scale MCG database of healthy subjects, and there is little knowledge of gender‐ and age‐related influences on MCG data. Methods and Results: We obtained MCG data from 869 subjects (554 men, 315 women) using a conventional 64‐channel MCG system, which covers the whole heart. Electrocardiogram (ECG) data were also obtained; 464 people (268 men, 196 women) were identified as a normal group using ECG data. Time intervals (PQ, QRS, QT, and QTc), current distributions (maximum current vector (MCV), and the total current vector (TCV)) of MCG data of the 464 normal subjects were analyzed to obtain basic MCG parameters. Although mean values of PQ and QRS intervals of the male subjects were slightly longer than those of the female subjects, no intervals were correlated with gender or age. The correlation between PQ intervals of ECG and those of MCG was better than the correlation between QRS and QT intervals of ECG and those of MCG. Both MCV and TCV angles were much smaller than the electrical‐axis angle in ECG. Although TCVs of the QRS and T waves were stable, the women's mean T‐wave‐TCV angles significantly increased with age. The maximum amplitude of the P wave was about 1.7 pT, and the value of the QRS complex was about 20–25 pT. Moreover, the T‐wave amplitude decreases with age. Conclusion: The MCG standard space‐time parameters determined here provide a normal range for MCG parameters.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2008.01011.x
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Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takuma, Noriko" sort="Takuma, Noriko" uniqKey="Takuma N" first="Noriko" last="Takuma">Noriko Takuma</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Kimio" sort="Tanaka, Kimio" uniqKey="Tanaka K" first="Kimio" last="Tanaka">Kimio Tanaka</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murakami, Masahiro" sort="Murakami, Masahiro" uniqKey="Murakami M" first="Masahiro" last="Murakami">Masahiro Murakami</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hitachi High‐Technologies Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miyashita, Tsuyoshi" sort="Miyashita, Tsuyoshi" uniqKey="Miyashita T" first="Tsuyoshi" last="Miyashita">Tsuyoshi Miyashita</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Advanced Research 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first="Noriko" last="Takuma">Noriko Takuma</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Kimio" sort="Tanaka, Kimio" uniqKey="Tanaka K" first="Kimio" last="Tanaka">Kimio Tanaka</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murakami, Masahiro" sort="Murakami, Masahiro" uniqKey="Murakami M" first="Masahiro" last="Murakami">Masahiro Murakami</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hitachi High‐Technologies Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miyashita, Tsuyoshi" sort="Miyashita, Tsuyoshi" uniqKey="Miyashita T" first="Tsuyoshi" last="Miyashita">Tsuyoshi Miyashita</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sasaki, Nobuo" sort="Sasaki, Nobuo" uniqKey="Sasaki N" first="Nobuo" last="Sasaki">Nobuo Sasaki</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oka, Yuji" sort="Oka, Yuji" uniqKey="Oka Y" first="Yuji" last="Oka">Yuji Oka</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology</title><idno type="ISSN">0147-8389</idno><idno type="eISSN">1540-8159</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><pubPlace>Malden, USA</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2008-04">2008-04</date><biblScope unit="volume">31</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="422">422</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="431">431</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0147-8389</idno></series><idno 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However, there is no large‐scale MCG database of healthy subjects, and there is little knowledge of gender‐ and age‐related influences on MCG data. Methods and Results: We obtained MCG data from 869 subjects (554 men, 315 women) using a conventional 64‐channel MCG system, which covers the whole heart. Electrocardiogram (ECG) data were also obtained; 464 people (268 men, 196 women) were identified as a normal group using ECG data. Time intervals (PQ, QRS, QT, and QTc), current distributions (maximum current vector (MCV), and the total current vector (TCV)) of MCG data of the 464 normal subjects were analyzed to obtain basic MCG parameters. Although mean values of PQ and QRS intervals of the male subjects were slightly longer than those of the female subjects, no intervals were correlated with gender or age. The correlation between PQ intervals of ECG and those of MCG was better than the correlation between QRS and QT intervals of ECG and those of MCG. Both MCV and TCV angles were much smaller than the electrical‐axis angle in ECG. Although TCVs of the QRS and T waves were stable, the women's mean T‐wave‐TCV angles significantly increased with age. The maximum amplitude of the P wave was about 1.7 pT, and the value of the QRS complex was about 20–25 pT. Moreover, the T‐wave amplitude decreases with age. Conclusion: The MCG standard space‐time parameters determined here provide a normal range for MCG parameters.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>AKIHIKO KANDORI Ph.D.</name><affiliations><json:string>Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>KUNIOMI OGATA M.S.</name><affiliations><json:string>Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>YASUSHI WATANABE M.D.</name><affiliations><json:string>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>NORIKO TAKUMA</name><affiliations><json:string>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>KIMIO TANAKA M.D.</name><affiliations><json:string>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>MASAHIRO MURAKAMI M.S.</name><affiliations><json:string>Hitachi High‐Technologies Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>TSUYOSHI MIYASHITA M.S.</name><affiliations><json:string>Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>NOBUO SASAKI</name><affiliations><json:string>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>YUJI OKA M.D., Ph.D.</name><affiliations><json:string>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>magnetocardiogram</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>standardization</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>time interval</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>current arrow</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>PACE1011</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Background: The magnetocardiogram (MCG) is a promising medical tool for detecting and visualizing abnormal cardiac electrical activation in heart‐disease patients. However, there is no large‐scale MCG database of healthy subjects, and there is little knowledge of gender‐ and age‐related influences on MCG data. Methods and Results: We obtained MCG data from 869 subjects (554 men, 315 women) using a conventional 64‐channel MCG system, which covers the whole heart. Electrocardiogram (ECG) data were also obtained; 464 people (268 men, 196 women) were identified as a normal group using ECG data. Time intervals (PQ, QRS, QT, and QTc), current distributions (maximum current vector (MCV), and the total current vector (TCV)) of MCG data of the 464 normal subjects were analyzed to obtain basic MCG parameters. Although mean values of PQ and QRS intervals of the male subjects were slightly longer than those of the female subjects, no intervals were correlated with gender or age. The correlation between PQ intervals of ECG and those of MCG was better than the correlation between QRS and QT intervals of ECG and those of MCG. Both MCV and TCV angles were much smaller than the electrical‐axis angle in ECG. Although TCVs of the QRS and T waves were stable, the women's mean T‐wave‐TCV angles significantly increased with age. The maximum amplitude of the P wave was about 1.7 pT, and the value of the QRS complex was about 20–25 pT. Moreover, the T‐wave amplitude decreases with age. Conclusion: The MCG standard space‐time parameters determined here provide a normal range for MCG parameters.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8.212</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>594 x 784 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>4</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1596</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>4712</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>27239</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>10</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>256</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Space‐Time Database for Standardization of Adult Magnetocardiogram‐Making Standard MCG 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type="degree">M.D.</roleName><affiliation>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">NORIKO</forename><surname>TAKUMA</surname></persName><affiliation>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">KIMIO</forename><surname>TANAKA</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">M.D.</roleName><affiliation>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">MASAHIRO</forename><surname>MURAKAMI</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">M.S.</roleName><affiliation>Hitachi High‐Technologies Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">TSUYOSHI</forename><surname>MIYASHITA</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">M.S.</roleName><affiliation>Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">NOBUO</forename><surname>SASAKI</surname></persName><affiliation>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">YUJI</forename><surname>OKA</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">M.D., Ph.D.</roleName><affiliation>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology</title><idno type="pISSN">0147-8389</idno><idno type="eISSN">1540-8159</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1540-8159</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><pubPlace>Malden, USA</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2008-04"></date><biblScope unit="volume">31</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="422">422</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="431">431</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">908ABE4088B9A9EC8C2D9ED1276F7AD92F151DB1</idno><idno 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However, there is no large‐scale MCG database of healthy subjects, and there is little knowledge of gender‐ and age‐related influences on MCG data. Methods and Results: We obtained MCG data from 869 subjects (554 men, 315 women) using a conventional 64‐channel MCG system, which covers the whole heart. Electrocardiogram (ECG) data were also obtained; 464 people (268 men, 196 women) were identified as a normal group using ECG data. Time intervals (PQ, QRS, QT, and QTc), current distributions (maximum current vector (MCV), and the total current vector (TCV)) of MCG data of the 464 normal subjects were analyzed to obtain basic MCG parameters. Although mean values of PQ and QRS intervals of the male subjects were slightly longer than those of the female subjects, no intervals were correlated with gender or age. The correlation between PQ intervals of ECG and those of MCG was better than the correlation between QRS and QT intervals of ECG and those of MCG. Both MCV and TCV angles were much smaller than the electrical‐axis angle in ECG. Although TCVs of the QRS and T waves were stable, the women's mean T‐wave‐TCV angles significantly increased with age. The maximum amplitude of the P wave was about 1.7 pT, and the value of the QRS complex was about 20–25 pT. Moreover, the T‐wave amplitude decreases with age. Conclusion: The MCG standard space‐time parameters determined here provide a normal range for MCG parameters.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>magnetocardiogram</term></item><item><term>standardization</term></item><item><term>time interval</term></item><item><term>current arrow</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2008-04">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/908ABE4088B9A9EC8C2D9ED1276F7AD92F151DB1/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisherName><publisherLoc>Malden, USA</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1540-8159</doi><issn type="print">0147-8389</issn><issn type="electronic">1540-8159</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="PACE"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="PACING CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY">Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="04004"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/pace.2008.31.issue-4</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="31">31</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="4">4</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2008-04">April 2008</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="5" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1540-8159.2008.01011.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="PACE1011"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="10"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1"><i>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</i></title><title type="tocHeading2"><i>ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY</i></title></titleGroup><copyright>2008, The Authors. Journal compilation ©2008, Blackwell Publishing, Inc.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2008-03-27"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2008-03-27"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.4 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-03-29"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-06"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-11-03"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="422">422</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="431">431</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Address for reprints: Akihiko Kandori, Ph.D., Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., 1‐280 Higashi‐Koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185‐8601, Japan. Fax: +81‐42‐327‐7783; e‐mail: <email>akihiko.kandori.vc@hitachi.com</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:PACE.PACE1011.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received August 19, 2007; revised December 2, 2007; accepted January 12, 2008.</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="8"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="1"></count><count type="formulaTotal" number="3"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="35"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="53"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Space‐Time Database for Standardization of Adult Magnetocardiogram‐Making Standard MCG Parameters</title><title type="shortAuthors">KANDORI, ET AL.</title><title type="short">MAKING STANDARD MCG PARAMETERS</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>AKIHIKO</givenNames><familyName>KANDORI</familyName><degrees>Ph.D.</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>KUNIOMI</givenNames><familyName>OGATA</familyName><degrees>M.S.</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>YASUSHI</givenNames><familyName>WATANABE</familyName><degrees>M.D.</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>NORIKO</givenNames><familyName>TAKUMA</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>KIMIO</givenNames><familyName>TANAKA</familyName><degrees>M.D.</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>MASAHIRO</givenNames><familyName>MURAKAMI</familyName><degrees>M.S.</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr7" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>TSUYOSHI</givenNames><familyName>MIYASHITA</familyName><degrees>M.S.</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr8" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>NOBUO</givenNames><familyName>SASAKI</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr9" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>YUJI</givenNames><familyName>OKA</familyName><degrees>M.D., Ph.D.</degrees></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1"><unparsedAffiliation>Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="JP"><unparsedAffiliation>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="JP"><unparsedAffiliation>Hitachi High‐Technologies Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1"><i>magnetocardiogram</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="k2"><i>standardization</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="k3"><i>time interval</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="k4"><i>current arrow</i></keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><p> <b><i>Background:</i></b><i>The magnetocardiogram (MCG) is a promising medical tool for detecting and visualizing abnormal cardiac electrical activation in heart‐disease patients. However, there is no large‐scale MCG database of healthy subjects, and there is little knowledge of gender‐ and age‐related influences on MCG data.</i> </p><p> <b><i>Methods and Results:</i></b><i>We obtained MCG data from 869 subjects (554 men, 315 women) using a conventional 64‐channel MCG system, which covers the whole heart. Electrocardiogram (ECG) data were also obtained; 464 people (268 men, 196 women) were identified as a normal group using ECG data. Time intervals (PQ, QRS, QT, and QTc), current distributions (maximum current vector (MCV), and the total current vector (TCV)) of MCG data of the 464 normal subjects were analyzed to obtain basic MCG parameters.</i> </p><p> <i>Although mean values of PQ and QRS intervals of the male subjects were slightly longer than those of the female subjects, no intervals were correlated with gender or age. The correlation between PQ intervals of ECG and those of MCG was better than the correlation between QRS and QT intervals of ECG and those of MCG. Both MCV and TCV angles were much smaller than the electrical‐axis angle in ECG. Although TCVs of the QRS and T waves were stable, the women's mean T‐wave‐TCV angles significantly increased with age. The maximum amplitude of the P wave was about 1.7 pT, and the value of the QRS complex was about 20–25 pT. Moreover, the T‐wave amplitude decreases with age.</i> </p><p> <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b><i>The MCG standard space‐time parameters determined here provide a normal range for MCG parameters.</i> </p><!-- (PACE 2008; 31:422–431)
</abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Space‐Time Database for Standardization of Adult Magnetocardiogram‐Making Standard MCG Parameters</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>MAKING STANDARD MCG PARAMETERS</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Space‐Time Database for Standardization of Adult Magnetocardiogram‐Making Standard MCG Parameters</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AKIHIKO</namePart><namePart type="family">KANDORI</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">Ph.D.</namePart><affiliation>Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KUNIOMI</namePart><namePart type="family">OGATA</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">M.S.</namePart><affiliation>Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YASUSHI</namePart><namePart type="family">WATANABE</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">M.D.</namePart><affiliation>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NORIKO</namePart><namePart type="family">TAKUMA</namePart><affiliation>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KIMIO</namePart><namePart type="family">TANAKA</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">M.D.</namePart><affiliation>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MASAHIRO</namePart><namePart type="family">MURAKAMI</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">M.S.</namePart><affiliation>Hitachi High‐Technologies Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TSUYOSHI</namePart><namePart type="family">MIYASHITA</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">M.S.</namePart><affiliation>Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NOBUO</namePart><namePart type="family">SASAKI</namePart><affiliation>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YUJI</namePart><namePart type="family">OKA</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">M.D., Ph.D.</namePart><affiliation>Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Malden, USA</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2008-04</dateIssued><edition>Received August 19, 2007; revised December 2, 2007; accepted January 12, 2008.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2008</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">8</extent><extent unit="tables">1</extent><extent unit="formulas">3</extent><extent unit="references">35</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Background: The magnetocardiogram (MCG) is a promising medical tool for detecting and visualizing abnormal cardiac electrical activation in heart‐disease patients. However, there is no large‐scale MCG database of healthy subjects, and there is little knowledge of gender‐ and age‐related influences on MCG data. Methods and Results: We obtained MCG data from 869 subjects (554 men, 315 women) using a conventional 64‐channel MCG system, which covers the whole heart. Electrocardiogram (ECG) data were also obtained; 464 people (268 men, 196 women) were identified as a normal group using ECG data. Time intervals (PQ, QRS, QT, and QTc), current distributions (maximum current vector (MCV), and the total current vector (TCV)) of MCG data of the 464 normal subjects were analyzed to obtain basic MCG parameters. Although mean values of PQ and QRS intervals of the male subjects were slightly longer than those of the female subjects, no intervals were correlated with gender or age. The correlation between PQ intervals of ECG and those of MCG was better than the correlation between QRS and QT intervals of ECG and those of MCG. Both MCV and TCV angles were much smaller than the electrical‐axis angle in ECG. Although TCVs of the QRS and T waves were stable, the women's mean T‐wave‐TCV angles significantly increased with age. The maximum amplitude of the P wave was about 1.7 pT, and the value of the QRS complex was about 20–25 pT. Moreover, the T‐wave amplitude decreases with age. Conclusion: The MCG standard space‐time parameters determined here provide a normal range for MCG parameters.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>magnetocardiogram</topic><topic>standardization</topic><topic>time interval</topic><topic>current arrow</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0147-8389</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1540-8159</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1540-8159</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">PACE</identifier><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>422</start><end>431</end><total>10</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">908ABE4088B9A9EC8C2D9ED1276F7AD92F151DB1</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1540-8159.2008.01011.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">PACE1011</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">2008, The Authors. 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