Bowel movement frequency in late‐life and substantia nigra neuron density at death
Identifieur interne : 000E09 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000E08; suivant : 000E10Bowel movement frequency in late‐life and substantia nigra neuron density at death
Auteurs : Helen Petrovitch ; Robert D. Abbott ; G. Webster Ross ; James Nelson ; Kamal H. Masaki ; Caroline M. Tanner ; Lenore J. Launer ; Lon R. WhiteSource :
- Movement Disorders [ 0885-3185 ] ; 2009-02-15.
English descriptors
Abstract
Constipation is associated with future risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) and with incidental Lewy bodies (LB) in the locus ceruleus or substantia nigra (SN). Our purpose is to examine the independent association between bowel movement frequency in late‐life and postmortem SN neuron density. Bowel movement frequency was assessed in the Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study from 1991 to 1993 in 414 men aged 71 to 93 years with later postmortem evaluations. Brains were examined for LB in the SN and locus ceruleus and neurons were counted in four quadrants from a transverse section of SN. In nonsmokers, neuron densities (counts/mm2) for men with >1, 1, and <1 bowel movement daily were 18.5, 18.8, 10.1 (P < 0.001) for dorsomedial; 15.3, 16.4, 10.2 (P < 0.03) for ventromedial; and 18.6, 18.3, 10.9 (P = 0.011) for ventrolateral quadrants. Relationships were not significant in the dorsolateral quadrant or in any quadrant among smokers. After adjustment for age, time to death, coffee drinking, tricep skinfold thickness, excessive daytime sleepiness, cognitive function, PD, and incidental LB, density ratios in nonsmokers with 1 or more bowel movement(s) daily were significantly higher compared to those with <1 daily. Constipation is associated with low SN neuron density independent of the presence of LB. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
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DOI: 10.1002/mds.22360
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Abbott</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ross, G Webster" sort="Ross, G Webster" uniqKey="Ross G" first="G. Webster" last="Ross">G. Webster Ross</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nelson, James" sort="Nelson, James" uniqKey="Nelson J" first="James" last="Nelson">James Nelson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masaki, Kamal H" sort="Masaki, Kamal H" uniqKey="Masaki K" first="Kamal H." last="Masaki">Kamal H. 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Tanner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Parkinson's Institute, Sunnyvale, California, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Launer, Lenore J" sort="Launer, Lenore J" uniqKey="Launer L" first="Lenore J." last="Launer">Lenore J. Launer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Lon R" sort="White, Lon R" uniqKey="White L" first="Lon R." last="White">Lon R. White</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. Disord.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2009-02-15">2009-02-15</date><biblScope unit="volume">24</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="371">371</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="376">376</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></series><idno type="istex">A787CEEBA3ED38B1F489FC646FA5F72765C42C64</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/mds.22360</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MDS22360</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Lewy body</term><term>Parkinson's disease</term><term>constipation</term><term>neuron density</term><term>substantia nigra</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Constipation is associated with future risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) and with incidental Lewy bodies (LB) in the locus ceruleus or substantia nigra (SN). Our purpose is to examine the independent association between bowel movement frequency in late‐life and postmortem SN neuron density. Bowel movement frequency was assessed in the Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study from 1991 to 1993 in 414 men aged 71 to 93 years with later postmortem evaluations. Brains were examined for LB in the SN and locus ceruleus and neurons were counted in four quadrants from a transverse section of SN. In nonsmokers, neuron densities (counts/mm2) for men with >1, 1, and <1 bowel movement daily were 18.5, 18.8, 10.1 (P < 0.001) for dorsomedial; 15.3, 16.4, 10.2 (P < 0.03) for ventromedial; and 18.6, 18.3, 10.9 (P = 0.011) for ventrolateral quadrants. Relationships were not significant in the dorsolateral quadrant or in any quadrant among smokers. After adjustment for age, time to death, coffee drinking, tricep skinfold thickness, excessive daytime sleepiness, cognitive function, PD, and incidental LB, density ratios in nonsmokers with 1 or more bowel movement(s) daily were significantly higher compared to those with <1 daily. Constipation is associated with low SN neuron density independent of the presence of LB. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Helen Petrovitch MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string><json:string>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string><json:string>Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string><json:string>Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Robert D. Abbott PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string><json:string>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string><json:string>Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA</json:string><json:string>Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G. Webster Ross MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string><json:string>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string><json:string>Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string><json:string>Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string><json:string>Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>James Nelson MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string><json:string>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string><json:string>Department of Pathology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Kamal H. Masaki MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string><json:string>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string><json:string>Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Caroline M. Tanner MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string><json:string>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string><json:string>Parkinson's Institute, Sunnyvale, California, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Lenore J. Launer PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Lon R. White MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string><json:string>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string><json:string>Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Parkinson's disease</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>constipation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Lewy body</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>substantia nigra</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>neuron density</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>MDS22360</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Constipation is associated with future risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) and with incidental Lewy bodies (LB) in the locus ceruleus or substantia nigra (SN). Our purpose is to examine the independent association between bowel movement frequency in late‐life and postmortem SN neuron density. Bowel movement frequency was assessed in the Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study from 1991 to 1993 in 414 men aged 71 to 93 years with later postmortem evaluations. Brains were examined for LB in the SN and locus ceruleus and neurons were counted in four quadrants from a transverse section of SN. In nonsmokers, neuron densities (counts/mm2) for men with >1, 1, and >1 bowel movement daily were 18.5, 18.8, 10.1 (P > 0.001) for dorsomedial; 15.3, 16.4, 10.2 (P > 0.03) for ventromedial; and 18.6, 18.3, 10.9 (P = 0.011) for ventrolateral quadrants. Relationships were not significant in the dorsolateral quadrant or in any quadrant among smokers. After adjustment for age, time to death, coffee drinking, tricep skinfold thickness, excessive daytime sleepiness, cognitive function, PD, and incidental LB, density ratios in nonsmokers with 1 or more bowel movement(s) daily were significantly higher compared to those with >1 daily. 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Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Robert D.</forename><surname>Abbott</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName><affiliation>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">G. Webster</forename><surname>Ross</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">James</forename><surname>Nelson</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Kamal H.</forename><surname>Masaki</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Caroline M.</forename><surname>Tanner</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName><affiliation>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Parkinson's Institute, Sunnyvale, California, USA</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Lenore J.</forename><surname>Launer</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName><affiliation>National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Lon R.</forename><surname>White</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. Disord.</title><idno type="pISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2009-02-15"></date><biblScope unit="volume">24</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="371">371</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="376">376</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">A787CEEBA3ED38B1F489FC646FA5F72765C42C64</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/mds.22360</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MDS22360</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2009</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Constipation is associated with future risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) and with incidental Lewy bodies (LB) in the locus ceruleus or substantia nigra (SN). Our purpose is to examine the independent association between bowel movement frequency in late‐life and postmortem SN neuron density. Bowel movement frequency was assessed in the Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study from 1991 to 1993 in 414 men aged 71 to 93 years with later postmortem evaluations. Brains were examined for LB in the SN and locus ceruleus and neurons were counted in four quadrants from a transverse section of SN. In nonsmokers, neuron densities (counts/mm2) for men with >1, 1, and <1 bowel movement daily were 18.5, 18.8, 10.1 (P < 0.001) for dorsomedial; 15.3, 16.4, 10.2 (P < 0.03) for ventromedial; and 18.6, 18.3, 10.9 (P = 0.011) for ventrolateral quadrants. Relationships were not significant in the dorsolateral quadrant or in any quadrant among smokers. After adjustment for age, time to death, coffee drinking, tricep skinfold thickness, excessive daytime sleepiness, cognitive function, PD, and incidental LB, density ratios in nonsmokers with 1 or more bowel movement(s) daily were significantly higher compared to those with <1 daily. Constipation is associated with low SN neuron density independent of the presence of LB. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Parkinson's disease</term></item><item><term>constipation</term></item><item><term>Lewy body</term></item><item><term>substantia nigra</term></item><item><term>neuron density</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article category</head><item><term>Research Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2008-05-08">Received</change><change when="2008-09-24">Registration</change><change when="2009-02-15">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A787CEEBA3ED38B1F489FC646FA5F72765C42C64/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisherName><publisherLoc>Hoboken</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</doi><issn type="print">0885-3185</issn><issn type="electronic">1531-8257</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="MDS"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="MOVEMENT DISORDERS">Movement Disorders</title><title type="short">Mov. 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Our purpose is to examine the independent association between bowel movement frequency in late‐life and postmortem SN neuron density. Bowel movement frequency was assessed in the Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study from 1991 to 1993 in 414 men aged 71 to 93 years with later postmortem evaluations. Brains were examined for LB in the SN and locus ceruleus and neurons were counted in four quadrants from a transverse section of SN. In nonsmokers, neuron densities (counts/mm<sup>2</sup>) for men with >1, 1, and <1 bowel movement daily were 18.5, 18.8, 10.1 (<i>P</i> < 0.001) for dorsomedial; 15.3, 16.4, 10.2 (<i>P</i> < 0.03) for ventromedial; and 18.6, 18.3, 10.9 (<i>P</i> = 0.011) for ventrolateral quadrants. Relationships were not significant in the dorsolateral quadrant or in any quadrant among smokers. After adjustment for age, time to death, coffee drinking, tricep skinfold thickness, excessive daytime sleepiness, cognitive function, PD, and incidental LB, density ratios in nonsmokers with 1 or more bowel movement(s) daily were significantly higher compared to those with <1 daily. Constipation is associated with low SN neuron density independent of the presence of LB. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn16"><p>Potential conflict of interest: None reported.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Bowel movement frequency in late‐life and substantia nigra neuron density at death</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>BM Frequency and Nigral Neuron Density</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Bowel movement frequency in late‐life and substantia nigra neuron density at death</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Helen</namePart><namePart type="family">Petrovitch</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><description>Correspondence: 846 South Hotel Street, Suite 307, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Robert D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Abbott</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G. Webster</namePart><namePart type="family">Ross</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. 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Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Kamal H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Masaki</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Caroline M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tanner</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Parkinson's Institute, Sunnyvale, California, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lenore J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Launer</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lon R.</namePart><namePart type="family">White</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2009-02-15</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2008-05-08</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2008-09-24</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2009</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="tables">3</extent><extent unit="references">38</extent><extent unit="words">4903</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Constipation is associated with future risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) and with incidental Lewy bodies (LB) in the locus ceruleus or substantia nigra (SN). Our purpose is to examine the independent association between bowel movement frequency in late‐life and postmortem SN neuron density. Bowel movement frequency was assessed in the Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study from 1991 to 1993 in 414 men aged 71 to 93 years with later postmortem evaluations. Brains were examined for LB in the SN and locus ceruleus and neurons were counted in four quadrants from a transverse section of SN. In nonsmokers, neuron densities (counts/mm2) for men with >1, 1, and <1 bowel movement daily were 18.5, 18.8, 10.1 (P < 0.001) for dorsomedial; 15.3, 16.4, 10.2 (P < 0.03) for ventromedial; and 18.6, 18.3, 10.9 (P = 0.011) for ventrolateral quadrants. Relationships were not significant in the dorsolateral quadrant or in any quadrant among smokers. After adjustment for age, time to death, coffee drinking, tricep skinfold thickness, excessive daytime sleepiness, cognitive function, PD, and incidental LB, density ratios in nonsmokers with 1 or more bowel movement(s) daily were significantly higher compared to those with <1 daily. Constipation is associated with low SN neuron density independent of the presence of LB. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society</abstract><note type="content">*Potential conflict of interest: None reported.</note><note type="funding">National Institutes of Health: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - No. 1 R01 NS412265; </note><note type="funding">National Institute on Aging - No. 1 U01 AG19349; No. 5 R01 AG017155; </note><note type="funding">Veterans Affairs Pacific Island Health Care System, Honolulu, Hawaii, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science</note><note type="funding">NIA Intramural Research Program</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Parkinson's disease</topic><topic>constipation</topic><topic>Lewy body</topic><topic>substantia nigra</topic><topic>neuron density</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Movement Disorders</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Mov. 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