Costs of drug treatment in Parkinson's disease
Identifieur interne : 000B40 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000B39; suivant : 000B41Costs of drug treatment in Parkinson's disease
Auteurs : Dodel ; Karla M. Eggert ; Marika S. Singer ; Tobias E. Eichhorn ; Oliver Pogarell ; Wolfgang H. OertelSource :
- Movement Disorders [ 0885-3185 ] ; 1998-03.
English descriptors
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has a major socioeconomic impact on society. The chronic, progressive course of the disease, which often leads to severe disability, results in high expenses for the medical resources used for treatment, care, and rehabilitation of patients as well as reduced or lost productivity as a result of illness or premature death. In Great Britain, it has been estimated that the National Health Service spends up to $383 million (1992) annually for the care of PD. This emphasizes the importance of assessing the costs related to this disease. A detailed knowledge of the cost allocation would provide a solid basis on which health care priorities can be rationally set. Next to hospitalization, drug treatment accounts for the highest expense for direct medical costs of PD. Therefore, this analysis focuses on the costs of drug treatment for PD. The cost analysis was based on a retrospective study of 409 patients with PD who were seen over a 1‐year period in our movement disorders clinic. The cost of therapy varied considerably depending on the severity of the condition (assessed in the “off” phase), the incidence of motor fluctuations, and the type of PD. In the early stage of the disease (Hoehn and Yahr stage I [HY I]), mean daily costs for therapy were DM (German marks) 6.60, which increased in later stages of the disease (HYV) to DM 22.00. If rare cases requiring continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion were included, mean daily costs of patients in HY V rose to DM 32.50 (the mean daily costs of subcutaneous apomorphine‐treated patients in HY V: DM 74.30). Patients with motor fluctuations accounted for higher costs (DM 16.50) compared with those without motor fluctuations (DM 7.80). With respect to the three subtypes of PD, the mean daily expenditure was DM 7.00 for the tremor‐dominant type, DM 12.40 for the akinetic‐rigid type, and DM 10.80 for the mixed type. In the group of 409 PD patients included in this analysis, the average daily expenditure for drug treatment totaled DM 10.70 per patient (including patients on subcutaneous apomorphine).
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DOI: 10.1002/mds.870130209
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Eggert</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Philipps‐Universität, Marburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singer, Marika S" sort="Singer, Marika S" uniqKey="Singer M" first="Marika S." last="Singer">Marika S. Singer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, München</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eichhorn, Tobias E" sort="Eichhorn, Tobias E" uniqKey="Eichhorn T" first="Tobias E." last="Eichhorn">Tobias E. Eichhorn</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, München</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Philipps‐Universität, Marburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pogarell, Oliver" sort="Pogarell, Oliver" uniqKey="Pogarell O" first="Oliver" last="Pogarell">Oliver Pogarell</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, München</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Philipps‐Universität, Marburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oertel, Wolfgang H" sort="Oertel, Wolfgang H" uniqKey="Oertel W" first="Wolfgang H." last="Oertel">Wolfgang H. Oertel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, München</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Philipps‐Universität, Marburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title><title level="j" type="sub">Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. Disord.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1998-03">1998-03</date><biblScope unit="volume">13</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="249">249</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="254">254</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></series><idno type="istex">C618CDA2F1D506FF43E1732FA470ADE4C84B3489</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/mds.870130209</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MDS870130209</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Cost analysis</term><term>Drug costs</term><term>Health economics</term><term>Motor fluctuations</term><term>Parkinson's disease</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Parkinson's disease (PD) has a major socioeconomic impact on society. The chronic, progressive course of the disease, which often leads to severe disability, results in high expenses for the medical resources used for treatment, care, and rehabilitation of patients as well as reduced or lost productivity as a result of illness or premature death. In Great Britain, it has been estimated that the National Health Service spends up to $383 million (1992) annually for the care of PD. This emphasizes the importance of assessing the costs related to this disease. A detailed knowledge of the cost allocation would provide a solid basis on which health care priorities can be rationally set. Next to hospitalization, drug treatment accounts for the highest expense for direct medical costs of PD. Therefore, this analysis focuses on the costs of drug treatment for PD. The cost analysis was based on a retrospective study of 409 patients with PD who were seen over a 1‐year period in our movement disorders clinic. The cost of therapy varied considerably depending on the severity of the condition (assessed in the “off” phase), the incidence of motor fluctuations, and the type of PD. In the early stage of the disease (Hoehn and Yahr stage I [HY I]), mean daily costs for therapy were DM (German marks) 6.60, which increased in later stages of the disease (HYV) to DM 22.00. If rare cases requiring continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion were included, mean daily costs of patients in HY V rose to DM 32.50 (the mean daily costs of subcutaneous apomorphine‐treated patients in HY V: DM 74.30). Patients with motor fluctuations accounted for higher costs (DM 16.50) compared with those without motor fluctuations (DM 7.80). With respect to the three subtypes of PD, the mean daily expenditure was DM 7.00 for the tremor‐dominant type, DM 12.40 for the akinetic‐rigid type, and DM 10.80 for the mixed type. In the group of 409 PD patients included in this analysis, the average daily expenditure for drug treatment totaled DM 10.70 per patient (including patients on subcutaneous apomorphine).</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Dr. Dodel MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, München</json:string><json:string>Department of Neurology, Philipps‐Universität, Marburg, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Karla M. Eggert MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Philipps‐Universität, Marburg, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Marika S. Singer MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, München</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Tobias E. Eichhorn MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, München</json:string><json:string>Department of Neurology, Philipps‐Universität, Marburg, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Oliver Pogarell MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, München</json:string><json:string>Department of Neurology, Philipps‐Universität, Marburg, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Wolfgang H. Oertel MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, München</json:string><json:string>Department of Neurology, Philipps‐Universität, Marburg, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Parkinson's disease</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Drug costs</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Cost analysis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Motor fluctuations</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Health economics</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>MDS870130209</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Parkinson's disease (PD) has a major socioeconomic impact on society. The chronic, progressive course of the disease, which often leads to severe disability, results in high expenses for the medical resources used for treatment, care, and rehabilitation of patients as well as reduced or lost productivity as a result of illness or premature death. In Great Britain, it has been estimated that the National Health Service spends up to $383 million (1992) annually for the care of PD. This emphasizes the importance of assessing the costs related to this disease. A detailed knowledge of the cost allocation would provide a solid basis on which health care priorities can be rationally set. Next to hospitalization, drug treatment accounts for the highest expense for direct medical costs of PD. Therefore, this analysis focuses on the costs of drug treatment for PD. The cost analysis was based on a retrospective study of 409 patients with PD who were seen over a 1‐year period in our movement disorders clinic. The cost of therapy varied considerably depending on the severity of the condition (assessed in the “off” phase), the incidence of motor fluctuations, and the type of PD. In the early stage of the disease (Hoehn and Yahr stage I [HY I]), mean daily costs for therapy were DM (German marks) 6.60, which increased in later stages of the disease (HYV) to DM 22.00. If rare cases requiring continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion were included, mean daily costs of patients in HY V rose to DM 32.50 (the mean daily costs of subcutaneous apomorphine‐treated patients in HY V: DM 74.30). Patients with motor fluctuations accounted for higher costs (DM 16.50) compared with those without motor fluctuations (DM 7.80). With respect to the three subtypes of PD, the mean daily expenditure was DM 7.00 for the tremor‐dominant type, DM 12.40 for the akinetic‐rigid type, and DM 10.80 for the mixed type. 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The chronic, progressive course of the disease, which often leads to severe disability, results in high expenses for the medical resources used for treatment, care, and rehabilitation of patients as well as reduced or lost productivity as a result of illness or premature death. In Great Britain, it has been estimated that the National Health Service spends up to $383 million (1992) annually for the care of PD. This emphasizes the importance of assessing the costs related to this disease. A detailed knowledge of the cost allocation would provide a solid basis on which health care priorities can be rationally set. Next to hospitalization, drug treatment accounts for the highest expense for direct medical costs of PD. Therefore, this analysis focuses on the costs of drug treatment for PD. The cost analysis was based on a retrospective study of 409 patients with PD who were seen over a 1‐year period in our movement disorders clinic. The cost of therapy varied considerably depending on the severity of the condition (assessed in the “off” phase), the incidence of motor fluctuations, and the type of PD. In the early stage of the disease (Hoehn and Yahr stage I [HY I]), mean daily costs for therapy were DM (German marks) 6.60, which increased in later stages of the disease (HYV) to DM 22.00. If rare cases requiring continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion were included, mean daily costs of patients in HY V rose to DM 32.50 (the mean daily costs of subcutaneous apomorphine‐treated patients in HY V: DM 74.30). Patients with motor fluctuations accounted for higher costs (DM 16.50) compared with those without motor fluctuations (DM 7.80). With respect to the three subtypes of PD, the mean daily expenditure was DM 7.00 for the tremor‐dominant type, DM 12.40 for the akinetic‐rigid type, and DM 10.80 for the mixed type. In the group of 409 PD patients included in this analysis, the average daily expenditure for drug treatment totaled DM 10.70 per patient (including patients on subcutaneous apomorphine).</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Parkinson's disease</term></item><item><term>Drug costs</term></item><item><term>Cost analysis</term></item><item><term>Motor fluctuations</term></item><item><term>Health economics</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article category</head><item><term>Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1995-08-23">Received</change><change when="1997-06-12">Registration</change><change when="1998-03">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C618CDA2F1D506FF43E1732FA470ADE4C84B3489/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisherName><publisherLoc>Hoboken</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</doi><issn type="print">0885-3185</issn><issn type="electronic">1531-8257</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="MDS"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="MOVEMENT DISORDERS">Movement Disorders</title><title type="tocForm">Movement Disorders</title><title type="subtitle">Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><title type="short">Mov. Disord.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="20"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/mds.v13:2</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="13">13</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">2</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="1998-03">March 1998</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="9" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/mds.870130209</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="MDS870130209"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="6"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">Copyright © 1998 Movement Disorder Society</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="1995-08-23"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="1997-03-17"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="1997-06-12"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2004-11-04"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2004-11-04"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:HeaderRef result:HeaderRef" date="2010-03-09"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-02"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-31"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">249</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">254</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>The Department of Neurology, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Rudolf‐Bultmannstr. 8, D‐35033, Marburg, Germany</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:MDS.MDS870130209.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="2"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="2"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="62"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Costs of drug treatment in Parkinson's disease</title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">COSTS OF DRUG TREATMENT</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2" corresponding="yes"><personName><honorifics>Dr.</honorifics><givenNames>Richard C.</givenNames><familyName>Dodel</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Karla M.</givenNames><familyName>Eggert</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Marika S.</givenNames><familyName>Singer</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2"><personName><givenNames>Tobias E.</givenNames><familyName>Eichhorn</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2"><personName><givenNames>Oliver</givenNames><familyName>Pogarell</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2"><personName><givenNames>Wolfgang H.</givenNames><familyName>Oertel</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="DE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Neurology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, München</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="DE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Neurology, Philipps‐Universität, Marburg, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">Parkinson's disease</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">Drug costs</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">Cost analysis</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">Motor fluctuations</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">Health economics</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) has a major socioeconomic impact on society. The chronic, progressive course of the disease, which often leads to severe disability, results in high expenses for the medical resources used for treatment, care, and rehabilitation of patients as well as reduced or lost productivity as a result of illness or premature death. In Great Britain, it has been estimated that the National Health Service spends up to $383 million (1992) annually for the care of PD. This emphasizes the importance of assessing the costs related to this disease. A detailed knowledge of the cost allocation would provide a solid basis on which health care priorities can be rationally set. Next to hospitalization, drug treatment accounts for the highest expense for direct medical costs of PD. Therefore, this analysis focuses on the costs of drug treatment for PD. The cost analysis was based on a retrospective study of 409 patients with PD who were seen over a 1‐year period in our movement disorders clinic. The cost of therapy varied considerably depending on the severity of the condition (assessed in the “off” phase), the incidence of motor fluctuations, and the type of PD. In the early stage of the disease (Hoehn and Yahr stage I [HY I]), mean daily costs for therapy were DM (German marks) 6.60, which increased in later stages of the disease (HYV) to DM 22.00. If rare cases requiring continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion were included, mean daily costs of patients in HY V rose to DM 32.50 (the mean daily costs of subcutaneous apomorphine‐treated patients in HY V: DM 74.30). Patients with motor fluctuations accounted for higher costs (DM 16.50) compared with those without motor fluctuations (DM 7.80). With respect to the three subtypes of PD, the mean daily expenditure was DM 7.00 for the tremor‐dominant type, DM 12.40 for the akinetic‐rigid type, and DM 10.80 for the mixed type. In the group of 409 PD patients included in this analysis, the average daily expenditure for drug treatment totaled DM 10.70 per patient (including patients on subcutaneous apomorphine).</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Costs of drug treatment in Parkinson's disease</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>COSTS OF DRUG TREATMENT</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Costs of drug treatment in Parkinson's disease</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="termsOfAddress">Dr.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dodel</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, München</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Philipps‐Universität, Marburg, Germany</affiliation><description>Correspondence: The Department of Neurology, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Rudolf‐Bultmannstr. 8, D‐35033, Marburg, Germany</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Karla M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Eggert</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Philipps‐Universität, Marburg, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Marika S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Singer</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, München</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Tobias E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Eichhorn</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, München</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Philipps‐Universität, Marburg, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Oliver</namePart><namePart type="family">Pogarell</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, München</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Philipps‐Universität, Marburg, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Wolfgang H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Oertel</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, München</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Philipps‐Universität, Marburg, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1998-03</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">1995-08-23</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">1997-06-12</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1998</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">2</extent><extent unit="tables">2</extent><extent unit="references">62</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Parkinson's disease (PD) has a major socioeconomic impact on society. The chronic, progressive course of the disease, which often leads to severe disability, results in high expenses for the medical resources used for treatment, care, and rehabilitation of patients as well as reduced or lost productivity as a result of illness or premature death. In Great Britain, it has been estimated that the National Health Service spends up to $383 million (1992) annually for the care of PD. This emphasizes the importance of assessing the costs related to this disease. A detailed knowledge of the cost allocation would provide a solid basis on which health care priorities can be rationally set. Next to hospitalization, drug treatment accounts for the highest expense for direct medical costs of PD. Therefore, this analysis focuses on the costs of drug treatment for PD. The cost analysis was based on a retrospective study of 409 patients with PD who were seen over a 1‐year period in our movement disorders clinic. The cost of therapy varied considerably depending on the severity of the condition (assessed in the “off” phase), the incidence of motor fluctuations, and the type of PD. In the early stage of the disease (Hoehn and Yahr stage I [HY I]), mean daily costs for therapy were DM (German marks) 6.60, which increased in later stages of the disease (HYV) to DM 22.00. If rare cases requiring continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion were included, mean daily costs of patients in HY V rose to DM 32.50 (the mean daily costs of subcutaneous apomorphine‐treated patients in HY V: DM 74.30). Patients with motor fluctuations accounted for higher costs (DM 16.50) compared with those without motor fluctuations (DM 7.80). With respect to the three subtypes of PD, the mean daily expenditure was DM 7.00 for the tremor‐dominant type, DM 12.40 for the akinetic‐rigid type, and DM 10.80 for the mixed type. In the group of 409 PD patients included in this analysis, the average daily expenditure for drug treatment totaled DM 10.70 per patient (including patients on subcutaneous apomorphine).</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Parkinson's disease</topic><topic>Drug costs</topic><topic>Cost analysis</topic><topic>Motor fluctuations</topic><topic>Health economics</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Movement Disorders</title><subTitle>Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society</subTitle></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Mov. 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