Scales to assess sleep impairment in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations
Identifieur interne : 000691 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000690; suivant : 000692Scales to assess sleep impairment in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations
Auteurs : Birgit Högl ; Isabelle Arnulf ; Cynthia Comella ; Joaquim Ferreira ; Alex Iranzo ; Barbara Tilley ; Claudia Trenkwalder ; Werner Poewe ; Olivier Rascol ; Cristina Sampaio ; Glenn T. Stebbins ; Anette Schrag ; Christopher G. GoetzSource :
- Movement Disorders [ 0885-3185 ] ; 2010-12-15.
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Abstract
There is a broad spectrum of sleep disturbances observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). A variety of scales have been applied to the evaluation of PD sleep and wakefulness, but only a small number have been assessed specifically for clinimetric properties in the PD population. The movement disorder society has commissioned this task force to examine these scales and to assess their use in PD. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the use of sleep scales in PD and to determine which scales qualified for a detailed critique. The task force members, all of whom have extensive experience in assessing sleep in PD reviewed each of the scales using a structured proforma. Scales were categorized into recommended, suggested and listed according to predefined criteria. A total of 48 potential scales were identified from the search and reviewed. Twenty‐nine were excluded because they did not meet review criteria or were variations of scales already included, leaving 19 scales that were critiqued and rated by the task force based on the rating criteria. Only six were found to meet criteria for recommendation or suggestion by the task force: the PD sleep scale (PDSS) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) are recommended for rating overall sleep problems to screen and to measure severity, the SCOPA‐sleep (SCOPA) is recommended for rating overall sleep problems both to screen and to measure severity, and for rating daytime sleepiness; the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) is recommended for rating daytime sleepiness to screen and to measure severity; the inappropriate sleep composite score (ISCS) is suggested for rating severe daytime sleepiness or sleep attacks to screen and to measure severity; and the Stanford sleepiness scale (SSS) is suggested for rating sleepiness and to measure severity at a specific moment. The task force does not recommend the development of new scales, but emphasizes the need for educational efforts to train physicians in sleep interview techniques and polysomnography. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
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DOI: 10.1002/mds.23190
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ISTEX:345EA867178FAF9FAF5906CDFF28842E972D13E3Le document en format XML
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Stebbins</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schrag, Anette" sort="Schrag, Anette" uniqKey="Schrag A" first="Anette" last="Schrag">Anette Schrag</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goetz, Christopher G" sort="Goetz, Christopher G" uniqKey="Goetz C" first="Christopher G." last="Goetz">Christopher G. Goetz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. Disord.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-12-15">2010-12-15</date><biblScope unit="volume">25</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">16</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2704">2704</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2716">2716</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></series><idno type="istex">345EA867178FAF9FAF5906CDFF28842E972D13E3</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/mds.23190</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MDS23190</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Parkinson's disease</term><term>daytime sleepiness</term><term>nocturnal disturbances</term><term>questionnaires</term><term>rating scales</term><term>sleep</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">There is a broad spectrum of sleep disturbances observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). A variety of scales have been applied to the evaluation of PD sleep and wakefulness, but only a small number have been assessed specifically for clinimetric properties in the PD population. The movement disorder society has commissioned this task force to examine these scales and to assess their use in PD. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the use of sleep scales in PD and to determine which scales qualified for a detailed critique. The task force members, all of whom have extensive experience in assessing sleep in PD reviewed each of the scales using a structured proforma. Scales were categorized into recommended, suggested and listed according to predefined criteria. A total of 48 potential scales were identified from the search and reviewed. Twenty‐nine were excluded because they did not meet review criteria or were variations of scales already included, leaving 19 scales that were critiqued and rated by the task force based on the rating criteria. Only six were found to meet criteria for recommendation or suggestion by the task force: the PD sleep scale (PDSS) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) are recommended for rating overall sleep problems to screen and to measure severity, the SCOPA‐sleep (SCOPA) is recommended for rating overall sleep problems both to screen and to measure severity, and for rating daytime sleepiness; the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) is recommended for rating daytime sleepiness to screen and to measure severity; the inappropriate sleep composite score (ISCS) is suggested for rating severe daytime sleepiness or sleep attacks to screen and to measure severity; and the Stanford sleepiness scale (SSS) is suggested for rating sleepiness and to measure severity at a specific moment. The task force does not recommend the development of new scales, but emphasizes the need for educational efforts to train physicians in sleep interview techniques and polysomnography. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Birgit Högl MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Isabelle Arnulf MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil, Hôpital Pitié‐Salpêtrière, Paris, France</json:string><json:string>UMR975, Université Paris VI, Paris, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Cynthia Comella MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Joaquim Ferreira MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Instituto de Medicina Molecular, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Alex Iranzo MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Barbara Tilley PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Claudia Trenkwalder MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Göttingen, Paracelsus‐Elena Klinik, Kassel, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Werner Poewe MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Olivier Rascol MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Cristina Sampaio MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Instituto de Medicina Molecular, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Glenn T. Stebbins PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Anette Schrag MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Clinical Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Christopher G. Goetz MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>sleep</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Parkinson's disease</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>rating scales</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>questionnaires</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>nocturnal disturbances</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>daytime sleepiness</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>MDS23190</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>There is a broad spectrum of sleep disturbances observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). A variety of scales have been applied to the evaluation of PD sleep and wakefulness, but only a small number have been assessed specifically for clinimetric properties in the PD population. The movement disorder society has commissioned this task force to examine these scales and to assess their use in PD. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the use of sleep scales in PD and to determine which scales qualified for a detailed critique. The task force members, all of whom have extensive experience in assessing sleep in PD reviewed each of the scales using a structured proforma. Scales were categorized into recommended, suggested and listed according to predefined criteria. A total of 48 potential scales were identified from the search and reviewed. Twenty‐nine were excluded because they did not meet review criteria or were variations of scales already included, leaving 19 scales that were critiqued and rated by the task force based on the rating criteria. Only six were found to meet criteria for recommendation or suggestion by the task force: the PD sleep scale (PDSS) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) are recommended for rating overall sleep problems to screen and to measure severity, the SCOPA‐sleep (SCOPA) is recommended for rating overall sleep problems both to screen and to measure severity, and for rating daytime sleepiness; the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) is recommended for rating daytime sleepiness to screen and to measure severity; the inappropriate sleep composite score (ISCS) is suggested for rating severe daytime sleepiness or sleep attacks to screen and to measure severity; and the Stanford sleepiness scale (SSS) is suggested for rating sleepiness and to measure severity at a specific moment. The task force does not recommend the development of new scales, but emphasizes the need for educational efforts to train physicians in sleep interview techniques and polysomnography. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612 x 810 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>false</refBibsNative><keywordCount>6</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>2069</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>9073</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>57627</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>13</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>324</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Scales to assess sleep impairment in Parkinson's disease: Critique and 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Austria</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Isabelle</forename><surname>Arnulf</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName><affiliation>Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil, Hôpital Pitié‐Salpêtrière, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>UMR975, Université Paris VI, Paris, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Cynthia</forename><surname>Comella</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Joaquim</forename><surname>Ferreira</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName><affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Molecular, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Alex</forename><surname>Iranzo</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Barbara</forename><surname>Tilley</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName><affiliation>Department of Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Claudia</forename><surname>Trenkwalder</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Göttingen, Paracelsus‐Elena Klinik, Kassel, Germany</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Werner</forename><surname>Poewe</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Olivier</forename><surname>Rascol</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName><affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Cristina</forename><surname>Sampaio</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName><affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Molecular, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Glenn T.</forename><surname>Stebbins</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName><affiliation>Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Anette</forename><surname>Schrag</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName><affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Christopher G.</forename><surname>Goetz</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. Disord.</title><idno type="pISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-12-15"></date><biblScope unit="volume">25</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">16</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2704">2704</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2716">2716</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">345EA867178FAF9FAF5906CDFF28842E972D13E3</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/mds.23190</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MDS23190</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2010</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>There is a broad spectrum of sleep disturbances observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). A variety of scales have been applied to the evaluation of PD sleep and wakefulness, but only a small number have been assessed specifically for clinimetric properties in the PD population. The movement disorder society has commissioned this task force to examine these scales and to assess their use in PD. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the use of sleep scales in PD and to determine which scales qualified for a detailed critique. The task force members, all of whom have extensive experience in assessing sleep in PD reviewed each of the scales using a structured proforma. Scales were categorized into recommended, suggested and listed according to predefined criteria. A total of 48 potential scales were identified from the search and reviewed. Twenty‐nine were excluded because they did not meet review criteria or were variations of scales already included, leaving 19 scales that were critiqued and rated by the task force based on the rating criteria. Only six were found to meet criteria for recommendation or suggestion by the task force: the PD sleep scale (PDSS) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) are recommended for rating overall sleep problems to screen and to measure severity, the SCOPA‐sleep (SCOPA) is recommended for rating overall sleep problems both to screen and to measure severity, and for rating daytime sleepiness; the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) is recommended for rating daytime sleepiness to screen and to measure severity; the inappropriate sleep composite score (ISCS) is suggested for rating severe daytime sleepiness or sleep attacks to screen and to measure severity; and the Stanford sleepiness scale (SSS) is suggested for rating sleepiness and to measure severity at a specific moment. The task force does not recommend the development of new scales, but emphasizes the need for educational efforts to train physicians in sleep interview techniques and polysomnography. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>sleep</term></item><item><term>Parkinson's disease</term></item><item><term>rating scales</term></item><item><term>questionnaires</term></item><item><term>nocturnal disturbances</term></item><item><term>daytime sleepiness</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article category</head><item><term>Review</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2009-09-18">Received</change><change when="2010-03-19">Registration</change><change when="2010-12-15">Published</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2016-3-3">References added</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/345EA867178FAF9FAF5906CDFF28842E972D13E3/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisherName><publisherLoc>Hoboken</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</doi><issn type="print">0885-3185</issn><issn type="electronic">1531-8257</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="MDS"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="MOVEMENT DISORDERS">Movement Disorders</title><title type="short">Mov. Disord.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="160"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/mds.v25.16</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="25">25</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">16</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2010-12-15">15 December 2010</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="reviewArticle" position="20" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/mds.23190</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="MDS23190"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="13"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Review</title><title type="tocHeading1">Reviews</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">Copyright © 2010 Movement Disorder Society</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2009-09-18"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2010-02-24"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2010-03-19"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.4 mode:FullText" date="2010-12-16"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2010-10-07"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2010-10-07"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2010-12-16"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-02"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-31"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">2704</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">2716</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:MDS.MDS23190.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="0"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="2"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="113"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="9640"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Scales to assess sleep impairment in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations<link href="#fn1"></link></title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">Sleep Scales in Parkinson's Disease</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Birgit</givenNames><familyName>Högl</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName><contactDetails><email normalForm="birgit.ho@i-med.ac.at">birgit.ho@i‐med.ac.at</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2 #af3"><personName><givenNames>Isabelle</givenNames><familyName>Arnulf</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af4"><personName><givenNames>Cynthia</givenNames><familyName>Comella</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af5"><personName><givenNames>Joaquim</givenNames><familyName>Ferreira</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af6"><personName><givenNames>Alex</givenNames><familyName>Iranzo</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af7"><personName><givenNames>Barbara</givenNames><familyName>Tilley</familyName><degrees>PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au7" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af8"><personName><givenNames>Claudia</givenNames><familyName>Trenkwalder</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au8" creatorRole="author" 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G.</givenNames><familyName>Goetz</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="AT" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil, Hôpital Pitié‐Salpêtrière, Paris, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>UMR975, Université Paris VI, Paris, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af4" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af5" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Instituto de Medicina Molecular, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af6" countryCode="ES" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af7" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af8" countryCode="DE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Göttingen, Paracelsus‐Elena Klinik, Kassel, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af9" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af10" countryCode="GB" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Clinical Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">sleep</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">Parkinson's disease</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">rating scales</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">questionnaires</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">nocturnal disturbances</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd6">daytime sleepiness</keyword></keywordGroup><supportingInformation><p> Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. </p><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting information" href="urn-x:wiley:08853185:media:mds23190:MDS_23190_sm_suppinfo"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting Information.</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>There is a broad spectrum of sleep disturbances observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). A variety of scales have been applied to the evaluation of PD sleep and wakefulness, but only a small number have been assessed specifically for clinimetric properties in the PD population. The movement disorder society has commissioned this task force to examine these scales and to assess their use in PD. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the use of sleep scales in PD and to determine which scales qualified for a detailed critique. The task force members, all of whom have extensive experience in assessing sleep in PD reviewed each of the scales using a structured proforma. Scales were categorized into recommended, suggested and listed according to predefined criteria. A total of 48 potential scales were identified from the search and reviewed. Twenty‐nine were excluded because they did not meet review criteria or were variations of scales already included, leaving 19 scales that were critiqued and rated by the task force based on the rating criteria. Only six were found to meet criteria for recommendation or suggestion by the task force: the PD sleep scale (PDSS) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) are recommended for rating overall sleep problems to screen and to measure severity, the SCOPA‐sleep (SCOPA) is recommended for rating overall sleep problems both to screen and to measure severity, and for rating daytime sleepiness; the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) is recommended for rating daytime sleepiness to screen and to measure severity; the inappropriate sleep composite score (ISCS) is suggested for rating severe daytime sleepiness or sleep attacks to screen and to measure severity; and the Stanford sleepiness scale (SSS) is suggested for rating sleepiness and to measure severity at a specific moment. The task force does not recommend the development of new scales, but emphasizes the need for educational efforts to train physicians in sleep interview techniques and polysomnography. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p>Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Scales to assess sleep impairment in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Sleep Scales in Parkinson's Disease</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Scales to assess sleep impairment in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Birgit</namePart><namePart type="family">Högl</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria</affiliation><description>Correspondence: Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Isabelle</namePart><namePart type="family">Arnulf</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil, Hôpital Pitié‐Salpêtrière, Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>UMR975, Université Paris VI, Paris, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Cynthia</namePart><namePart type="family">Comella</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Joaquim</namePart><namePart type="family">Ferreira</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Molecular, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alex</namePart><namePart type="family">Iranzo</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Barbara</namePart><namePart type="family">Tilley</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South 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France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Cristina</namePart><namePart type="family">Sampaio</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Molecular, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Glenn T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Stebbins</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Anette</namePart><namePart type="family">Schrag</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Christopher G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Goetz</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="review-article" displayLabel="reviewArticle"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-12-15</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2009-09-18</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2010-03-19</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="tables">2</extent><extent unit="references">113</extent><extent unit="words">9640</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">There is a broad spectrum of sleep disturbances observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). A variety of scales have been applied to the evaluation of PD sleep and wakefulness, but only a small number have been assessed specifically for clinimetric properties in the PD population. The movement disorder society has commissioned this task force to examine these scales and to assess their use in PD. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the use of sleep scales in PD and to determine which scales qualified for a detailed critique. The task force members, all of whom have extensive experience in assessing sleep in PD reviewed each of the scales using a structured proforma. Scales were categorized into recommended, suggested and listed according to predefined criteria. A total of 48 potential scales were identified from the search and reviewed. Twenty‐nine were excluded because they did not meet review criteria or were variations of scales already included, leaving 19 scales that were critiqued and rated by the task force based on the rating criteria. Only six were found to meet criteria for recommendation or suggestion by the task force: the PD sleep scale (PDSS) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) are recommended for rating overall sleep problems to screen and to measure severity, the SCOPA‐sleep (SCOPA) is recommended for rating overall sleep problems both to screen and to measure severity, and for rating daytime sleepiness; the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) is recommended for rating daytime sleepiness to screen and to measure severity; the inappropriate sleep composite score (ISCS) is suggested for rating severe daytime sleepiness or sleep attacks to screen and to measure severity; and the Stanford sleepiness scale (SSS) is suggested for rating sleepiness and to measure severity at a specific moment. The task force does not recommend the development of new scales, but emphasizes the need for educational efforts to train physicians in sleep interview techniques and polysomnography. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society</abstract><note type="content">*Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report.</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>sleep</topic><topic>Parkinson's disease</topic><topic>rating scales</topic><topic>questionnaires</topic><topic>nocturnal disturbances</topic><topic>daytime sleepiness</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Movement Disorders</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Mov. 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