Heel to toe motion characteristics in Parkinson patients during free walking
Identifieur interne : 000088 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000087; suivant : 000089Heel to toe motion characteristics in Parkinson patients during free walking
Auteurs : Stefan Kimmeskamp ; Ewald M. HennigSource :
- Clinical Biomechanics [ 0268-0033 ] ; 2001.
Abstract
Objective. Plantar pressures of Parkinson patients in a mild or moderate stage of the disease were analyzed in order to determine characteristics of the heel to toe motion of the foot in Parkinson patients during free walking. Design. Pressure sensitive insoles were used to quantify the in-shoe pressure distribution for 24 patients with Parkinson's disease and for 24 age-matched healthy adults. Peak plantar pressures, relative loads and the variability of relative loads were analyzed for 10 different anatomical foot areas. Inferential statistics and regression analyses were performed to compare subject groups and to relate pressure data to a clinical score (Webster). Background. It is well-known that Parkinson patients experience disorders of balance, posture and gait. Recent studies revealed that Parkinson patients show abnormalities in foot strike during walking. However, only little is known about the heel to toe motion of the foot in Parkinson patients in compensating for instability during walking. Results. Parkinson patients show significant changes in foot loading behavior. Parkinson patients have a reduced impact at heel strike. This mechanism was found to be related to the severity of the disease. Furthermore, Parkinson patients show a trend towards higher relative loads in the forefoot regions combined with a load shift towards medial foot areas. These mechanisms are highly stereotypical. Conclusion. Parkinson patients, even in a mild or moderate stage of the disease, show significant changes in heel to toe motion of the foot during free walking. The characteristics of Parkinsonian gait are probably caused by adaptive mechanisms of the patients to avoid unsteadiness during walking.Relevance The results of this study revealed that Parkinson patients have characteristic heel to toe motion pattern. The determination of the foot-loading pattern using plantar pressure measurement may be used as a valuable tool for diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation purposes. Furthermore, the strategy of the forefoot control in gait of Parkinson patients should be considered in Parkinsonian research.
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DOI: 10.1016/S0268-0033(01)00069-9
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title>Heel to toe motion characteristics in Parkinson patients during free walking</title><author><name sortKey="Kimmeskamp, Stefan" sort="Kimmeskamp, Stefan" uniqKey="Kimmeskamp S" first="Stefan" last="Kimmeskamp">Stefan Kimmeskamp</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Essen, Henri-Dunant-Str 65, Essen 45145, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: stefan.kimmeskamp@uni-essen.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hennig, Ewald M" sort="Hennig, Ewald M" uniqKey="Hennig E" first="Ewald M." last="Hennig">Ewald M. Hennig</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Essen, Henri-Dunant-Str 65, Essen 45145, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:C1C4B789EF89F559919153809A70EBC1D45AF5B3</idno><date when="2001" year="2001">2001</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0268-0033(01)00069-9</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/C1C4B789EF89F559919153809A70EBC1D45AF5B3/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000088</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">Heel to toe motion characteristics in Parkinson patients during free walking</title><author><name sortKey="Kimmeskamp, Stefan" sort="Kimmeskamp, Stefan" uniqKey="Kimmeskamp S" first="Stefan" last="Kimmeskamp">Stefan Kimmeskamp</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Essen, Henri-Dunant-Str 65, Essen 45145, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: stefan.kimmeskamp@uni-essen.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hennig, Ewald M" sort="Hennig, Ewald M" uniqKey="Hennig E" first="Ewald M." last="Hennig">Ewald M. Hennig</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Essen, Henri-Dunant-Str 65, Essen 45145, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Clinical Biomechanics</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">JCLB</title><idno type="ISSN">0268-0033</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2001">2001</date><biblScope unit="volume">16</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="806">806</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="812">812</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0268-0033</idno></series><idno type="istex">C1C4B789EF89F559919153809A70EBC1D45AF5B3</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0268-0033(01)00069-9</idno><idno type="PII">S0268-0033(01)00069-9</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0268-0033</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Objective. Plantar pressures of Parkinson patients in a mild or moderate stage of the disease were analyzed in order to determine characteristics of the heel to toe motion of the foot in Parkinson patients during free walking. Design. Pressure sensitive insoles were used to quantify the in-shoe pressure distribution for 24 patients with Parkinson's disease and for 24 age-matched healthy adults. Peak plantar pressures, relative loads and the variability of relative loads were analyzed for 10 different anatomical foot areas. Inferential statistics and regression analyses were performed to compare subject groups and to relate pressure data to a clinical score (Webster). Background. It is well-known that Parkinson patients experience disorders of balance, posture and gait. Recent studies revealed that Parkinson patients show abnormalities in foot strike during walking. However, only little is known about the heel to toe motion of the foot in Parkinson patients in compensating for instability during walking. Results. Parkinson patients show significant changes in foot loading behavior. Parkinson patients have a reduced impact at heel strike. This mechanism was found to be related to the severity of the disease. Furthermore, Parkinson patients show a trend towards higher relative loads in the forefoot regions combined with a load shift towards medial foot areas. These mechanisms are highly stereotypical. Conclusion. Parkinson patients, even in a mild or moderate stage of the disease, show significant changes in heel to toe motion of the foot during free walking. The characteristics of Parkinsonian gait are probably caused by adaptive mechanisms of the patients to avoid unsteadiness during walking.Relevance The results of this study revealed that Parkinson patients have characteristic heel to toe motion pattern. The determination of the foot-loading pattern using plantar pressure measurement may be used as a valuable tool for diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation purposes. Furthermore, the strategy of the forefoot control in gait of Parkinson patients should be considered in Parkinsonian research.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Stefan Kimmeskamp</name><affiliations><json:string>Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Essen, Henri-Dunant-Str 65, Essen 45145, Germany</json:string><json:string>E-mail: stefan.kimmeskamp@uni-essen.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ewald M. Hennig</name><affiliations><json:string>Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Essen, Henri-Dunant-Str 65, Essen 45145, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Parkinson's disease</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Gait analysis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Plantar pressure</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Heel to toe motion</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Postural stability</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Variability</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Balance</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Objective. Plantar pressures of Parkinson patients in a mild or moderate stage of the disease were analyzed in order to determine characteristics of the heel to toe motion of the foot in Parkinson patients during free walking. Design. Pressure sensitive insoles were used to quantify the in-shoe pressure distribution for 24 patients with Parkinson's disease and for 24 age-matched healthy adults. Peak plantar pressures, relative loads and the variability of relative loads were analyzed for 10 different anatomical foot areas. Inferential statistics and regression analyses were performed to compare subject groups and to relate pressure data to a clinical score (Webster). Background. It is well-known that Parkinson patients experience disorders of balance, posture and gait. Recent studies revealed that Parkinson patients show abnormalities in foot strike during walking. However, only little is known about the heel to toe motion of the foot in Parkinson patients in compensating for instability during walking. Results. Parkinson patients show significant changes in foot loading behavior. Parkinson patients have a reduced impact at heel strike. This mechanism was found to be related to the severity of the disease. Furthermore, Parkinson patients show a trend towards higher relative loads in the forefoot regions combined with a load shift towards medial foot areas. These mechanisms are highly stereotypical. Conclusion. Parkinson patients, even in a mild or moderate stage of the disease, show significant changes in heel to toe motion of the foot during free walking. The characteristics of Parkinsonian gait are probably caused by adaptive mechanisms of the patients to avoid unsteadiness during walking.Relevance The results of this study revealed that Parkinson patients have characteristic heel to toe motion pattern. The determination of the foot-loading pattern using plantar pressure measurement may be used as a valuable tool for diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation purposes. Furthermore, the strategy of the forefoot control in gait of Parkinson patients should be considered in Parkinsonian research.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.193</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595 x 794 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>7</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>2130</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>4193</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>25631</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>7</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>314</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Heel to toe motion characteristics in Parkinson patients during free walking</title><pii><json:string>S0268-0033(01)00069-9</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>16</volume><pii><json:string>S0268-0033(00)X0062-9</json:string></pii><pages><last>812</last><first>806</first></pages><issn><json:string>0268-0033</json:string></issn><issue>9</issue><genre><json:string>Journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Clinical Biomechanics</title><publicationDate>2001</publicationDate></host><categories><wos><json:string>ORTHOPEDICS</json:string><json:string>SPORT SCIENCES</json:string><json:string>ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL</json:string></wos></categories><publicationDate>2001</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2001</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0268-0033(01)00069-9</json:string></doi><id>C1C4B789EF89F559919153809A70EBC1D45AF5B3</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C1C4B789EF89F559919153809A70EBC1D45AF5B3/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C1C4B789EF89F559919153809A70EBC1D45AF5B3/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C1C4B789EF89F559919153809A70EBC1D45AF5B3/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/C1C4B789EF89F559919153809A70EBC1D45AF5B3/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">Heel to toe motion characteristics in Parkinson patients during free walking</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>ELSEVIER</p></availability><date>2001</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">Fig. 1: Foot areas.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Relative loads for patients and controls. Single values are summarized in Table 2, (∗P<0.05;∗∗P<0.01).</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Variability of the relative loads for patients and controls. Single values are summarized in Table 2, (∗P<0.05;∗∗P<0.01).</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: Regression curve of significant correlation (P<0.01) between the Webster score and the heel–peak–pressures.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Demographic features and spatial-temporal data for PD patients and the control group [means; (SD)]</note><note type="content">Table 2: Plantar peak pressures, relative loads and variability (CoV) of relative loads [means; (SD)]</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Heel to toe motion characteristics in Parkinson patients during free walking</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Stefan</forename><surname>Kimmeskamp</surname></persName><email>stefan.kimmeskamp@uni-essen.de</email><note type="correspondence"><p>Corresponding author</p></note><affiliation>Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Essen, Henri-Dunant-Str 65, Essen 45145, Germany</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Ewald M.</forename><surname>Hennig</surname></persName><affiliation>Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Essen, Henri-Dunant-Str 65, Essen 45145, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Clinical Biomechanics</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">JCLB</title><idno type="pISSN">0268-0033</idno><idno type="PII">S0268-0033(00)X0062-9</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2001"></date><biblScope unit="volume">16</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="806">806</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="812">812</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">C1C4B789EF89F559919153809A70EBC1D45AF5B3</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0268-0033(01)00069-9</idno><idno type="PII">S0268-0033(01)00069-9</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2001</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective. Plantar pressures of Parkinson patients in a mild or moderate stage of the disease were analyzed in order to determine characteristics of the heel to toe motion of the foot in Parkinson patients during free walking. Design. Pressure sensitive insoles were used to quantify the in-shoe pressure distribution for 24 patients with Parkinson's disease and for 24 age-matched healthy adults. Peak plantar pressures, relative loads and the variability of relative loads were analyzed for 10 different anatomical foot areas. Inferential statistics and regression analyses were performed to compare subject groups and to relate pressure data to a clinical score (Webster). Background. It is well-known that Parkinson patients experience disorders of balance, posture and gait. Recent studies revealed that Parkinson patients show abnormalities in foot strike during walking. However, only little is known about the heel to toe motion of the foot in Parkinson patients in compensating for instability during walking. Results. Parkinson patients show significant changes in foot loading behavior. Parkinson patients have a reduced impact at heel strike. This mechanism was found to be related to the severity of the disease. Furthermore, Parkinson patients show a trend towards higher relative loads in the forefoot regions combined with a load shift towards medial foot areas. These mechanisms are highly stereotypical. Conclusion. Parkinson patients, even in a mild or moderate stage of the disease, show significant changes in heel to toe motion of the foot during free walking. The characteristics of Parkinsonian gait are probably caused by adaptive mechanisms of the patients to avoid unsteadiness during walking.Relevance The results of this study revealed that Parkinson patients have characteristic heel to toe motion pattern. The determination of the foot-loading pattern using plantar pressure measurement may be used as a valuable tool for diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation purposes. Furthermore, the strategy of the forefoot control in gait of Parkinson patients should be considered in Parkinsonian research.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Parkinson's disease</term></item><item><term>Gait analysis</term></item><item><term>Plantar pressure</term></item><item><term>Heel to toe motion</term></item><item><term>Postural stability</term></item><item><term>Variability</term></item><item><term>Balance</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2001-07-23">Registration</change><change when="2001">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: ce:floats; body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr2" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr2"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr3" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr3"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr4" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr4"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>JCLB</jid><aid>629</aid><ce:pii>S0268-0033(01)00069-9</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0268-0033(01)00069-9</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="2001">Elsevier Science Ltd</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Heel to toe motion characteristics in Parkinson patients during free walking</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Stefan</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Kimmeskamp</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="COR1"><ce:sup>∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address type="email">stefan.kimmeskamp@uni-essen.de</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Ewald M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hennig</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:affiliation><ce:textfn>Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Essen, Henri-Dunant-Str 65, Essen 45145, Germany</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="COR1"><ce:label>∗</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="15" month="9" year="2000"></ce:date-received><ce:date-accepted day="23" month="7" year="2001"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para><ce:italic>Objective</ce:italic>. Plantar pressures of Parkinson patients in a mild or moderate stage of the disease were analyzed in order to determine characteristics of the heel to toe motion of the foot in Parkinson patients during free walking.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para><ce:italic>Design.</ce:italic> Pressure sensitive insoles were used to quantify the in-shoe pressure distribution for 24 patients with Parkinson's disease and for 24 age-matched healthy adults. Peak plantar pressures, relative loads and the variability of relative loads were analyzed for 10 different anatomical foot areas. Inferential statistics and regression analyses were performed to compare subject groups and to relate pressure data to a clinical score (Webster).</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para><ce:italic>Background</ce:italic>. It is well-known that Parkinson patients experience disorders of balance, posture and gait. Recent studies revealed that Parkinson patients show abnormalities in foot strike during walking. However, only little is known about the heel to toe motion of the foot in Parkinson patients in compensating for instability during walking.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para><ce:italic>Results</ce:italic>. Parkinson patients show significant changes in foot loading behavior. Parkinson patients have a reduced impact at heel strike. This mechanism was found to be related to the severity of the disease. Furthermore, Parkinson patients show a trend towards higher relative loads in the forefoot regions combined with a load shift towards medial foot areas. These mechanisms are highly stereotypical.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para><ce:italic>Conclusion.</ce:italic> Parkinson patients, even in a mild or moderate stage of the disease, show significant changes in heel to toe motion of the foot during free walking. The characteristics of Parkinsonian gait are probably caused by adaptive mechanisms of the patients to avoid unsteadiness during walking.<ce:vsp sp="1"></ce:vsp><ce:bold>Relevance</ce:bold></ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para>The results of this study revealed that Parkinson patients have characteristic heel to toe motion pattern. The determination of the foot-loading pattern using plantar pressure measurement may be used as a valuable tool for diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation purposes. Furthermore, the strategy of the forefoot control in gait of Parkinson patients should be considered in Parkinsonian research.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Parkinson's disease</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Gait analysis</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Plantar pressure</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Heel to toe motion</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Postural stability</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Variability</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Balance</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Heel to toe motion characteristics in Parkinson patients during free walking</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Heel to toe motion characteristics in Parkinson patients during free walking</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stefan</namePart><namePart type="family">Kimmeskamp</namePart><affiliation>Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Essen, Henri-Dunant-Str 65, Essen 45145, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: stefan.kimmeskamp@uni-essen.de</affiliation><description>Corresponding author</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ewald M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hennig</namePart><affiliation>Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Essen, Henri-Dunant-Str 65, Essen 45145, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2001</dateIssued><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2001-07-23</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2001</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Objective. Plantar pressures of Parkinson patients in a mild or moderate stage of the disease were analyzed in order to determine characteristics of the heel to toe motion of the foot in Parkinson patients during free walking. Design. Pressure sensitive insoles were used to quantify the in-shoe pressure distribution for 24 patients with Parkinson's disease and for 24 age-matched healthy adults. Peak plantar pressures, relative loads and the variability of relative loads were analyzed for 10 different anatomical foot areas. Inferential statistics and regression analyses were performed to compare subject groups and to relate pressure data to a clinical score (Webster). Background. It is well-known that Parkinson patients experience disorders of balance, posture and gait. Recent studies revealed that Parkinson patients show abnormalities in foot strike during walking. However, only little is known about the heel to toe motion of the foot in Parkinson patients in compensating for instability during walking. Results. Parkinson patients show significant changes in foot loading behavior. Parkinson patients have a reduced impact at heel strike. This mechanism was found to be related to the severity of the disease. Furthermore, Parkinson patients show a trend towards higher relative loads in the forefoot regions combined with a load shift towards medial foot areas. These mechanisms are highly stereotypical. Conclusion. Parkinson patients, even in a mild or moderate stage of the disease, show significant changes in heel to toe motion of the foot during free walking. The characteristics of Parkinsonian gait are probably caused by adaptive mechanisms of the patients to avoid unsteadiness during walking.Relevance The results of this study revealed that Parkinson patients have characteristic heel to toe motion pattern. The determination of the foot-loading pattern using plantar pressure measurement may be used as a valuable tool for diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation purposes. Furthermore, the strategy of the forefoot control in gait of Parkinson patients should be considered in Parkinsonian research.</abstract><note type="content">Fig. 1: Foot areas.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Relative loads for patients and controls. Single values are summarized in Table 2, (∗P<0.05;∗∗P<0.01).</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Variability of the relative loads for patients and controls. Single values are summarized in Table 2, (∗P<0.05;∗∗P<0.01).</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: Regression curve of significant correlation (P<0.01) between the Webster score and the heel–peak–pressures.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Demographic features and spatial-temporal data for PD patients and the control group [means; (SD)]</note><note type="content">Table 2: Plantar peak pressures, relative loads and variability (CoV) of relative loads [means; (SD)]</note><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Parkinson's disease</topic><topic>Gait analysis</topic><topic>Plantar pressure</topic><topic>Heel to toe motion</topic><topic>Postural stability</topic><topic>Variability</topic><topic>Balance</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clinical Biomechanics</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>JCLB</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">200111</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0268-0033</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0268-0033(00)X0062-9</identifier><part><date>200111</date><detail type="volume"><number>16</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>9</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>EX1</start><end>EX2</end></extent><extent unit="issue pages"><start>719</start><end>858</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>806</start><end>812</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">C1C4B789EF89F559919153809A70EBC1D45AF5B3</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0268-0033(01)00069-9</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0268-0033(01)00069-9</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="">© 2001Elsevier Science Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Elsevier Science Ltd, ©2001</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><enrichments><istex:catWosTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/C1C4B789EF89F559919153809A70EBC1D45AF5B3/enrichments/catWos"><teiHeader><profileDesc><textClass><classCode scheme="WOS">ORTHOPEDICS</classCode><classCode scheme="WOS">SPORT SCIENCES</classCode><classCode scheme="WOS">ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL</classCode></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:catWosTEI></enrichments><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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