The role of TREM2 R47H as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease.
Identifieur interne : 000240 ( PubMed/Curation ); précédent : 000239; suivant : 000241The role of TREM2 R47H as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease.
Auteurs : Christina M. Lill [Allemagne] ; Aina Rengmark [Norvège] ; Lasse Pihlstr M [Norvège] ; Isabella Fogh [Royaume-Uni] ; Aleksey Shatunov [Royaume-Uni] ; Patrick M. Sleiman [États-Unis] ; Li-San Wang [États-Unis] ; Tian Liu [Allemagne] ; Christina F. Lassen [Danemark] ; Esther Meissner [Allemagne] ; Panos Alexopoulos [Allemagne] ; Andrea Calvo [Italie] ; Adriano Chio [Italie] ; Nil Dizdar [Suède] ; Frank Faltraco [Allemagne] ; Lars Forsgren [Suède] ; Julia Kirchheiner [Allemagne] ; Alexander Kurz [Allemagne] ; Jan P. Larsen [Norvège] ; Maria Liebsch [Allemagne] ; Jan Linder [Suède] ; Karen E. Morrison [Royaume-Uni] ; Hans Nissbrandt [Suède] ; Markus Otto [Allemagne] ; Jens Pahnke [Allemagne] ; Amanda Partch [États-Unis] ; Gabriella Restagno [Italie] ; Dan Rujescu [Allemagne] ; Cathrin Schnack [Allemagne] ; Christopher E. Shaw [Royaume-Uni] ; Pamela J. Shaw [Royaume-Uni] ; Hayrettin Tumani [Allemagne] ; Ole-Bj Rn Tysnes [Norvège] ; Otto Valladares [États-Unis] ; Vincenzo Silani [Italie] ; Leonard H. Van Den Berg [Pays-Bas] ; Wouter Van Rheenen [Pays-Bas] ; Jan H. Veldink [Pays-Bas] ; Ulman Lindenberger [Allemagne] ; Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen [Allemagne] ; Stefan Teipel [Allemagne] ; Robert Perneczky [Royaume-Uni] ; Hakon Hakonarson [États-Unis] ; Harald Hampel [France] ; Christine A F. Von Arnim [Allemagne] ; J Rgen H. Olsen [Danemark] ; Vivianna M. Van Deerlin [États-Unis] ; Ammar Al-Chalabi [Royaume-Uni] ; Mathias Toft [Norvège] ; Beate Ritz [États-Unis] ; Lars Bertram [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association [ 1552-5279 ] ; 2015.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Aged, Alleles, Alzheimer Disease (genetics), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (genetics), Case-Control Studies, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (genetics), Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Humans, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins (genetics), Middle Aged, Neurodegenerative Diseases (genetics), Parkinson Disease (genetics), Quantitative Trait Loci, Receptors, Immunologic (genetics), Risk Factors, tau Proteins (cerebrospinal fluid).
- MESH :
- chemical , cerebrospinal fluid : tau Proteins.
- chemical , genetics : Membrane Glycoproteins, Receptors, Immunologic.
- genetics : Alzheimer Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Parkinson Disease.
- Aged, Alleles, Case-Control Studies, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Quantitative Trait Loci, Risk Factors.
Abstract
A rare variant in TREM2 (p.R47H, rs75932628) was recently reported to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and, subsequently, other neurodegenerative diseases, i.e. frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we comprehensively assessed TREM2 rs75932628 for association with these diseases in a total of 19,940 previously untyped subjects of European descent. These data were combined with those from 28 published data sets by meta-analysis. Furthermore, we tested whether rs75932628 shows association with amyloid beta (Aβ42) and total-tau protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 828 individuals with AD or mild cognitive impairment. Our data show that rs75932628 is highly significantly associated with the risk of AD across 24,086 AD cases and 148,993 controls of European descent (odds ratio or OR = 2.71, P = 4.67 × 10(-25)). No consistent evidence for association was found between this marker and the risk of FTLD (OR = 2.24, P = .0113 across 2673 cases/9283 controls), PD (OR = 1.36, P = .0767 across 8311 cases/79,938 controls) and ALS (OR = 1.41, P = .198 across 5544 cases/7072 controls). Furthermore, carriers of the rs75932628 risk allele showed significantly increased levels of CSF-total-tau (P = .0110) but not Aβ42 suggesting that TREM2's role in AD may involve tau dysfunction.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.12.009
PubMed: 25936935
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<author><name sortKey="Lill, Christina M" sort="Lill, Christina M" uniqKey="Lill C" first="Christina M" last="Lill">Christina M. Lill</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics & Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Rengmark, Aina" sort="Rengmark, Aina" uniqKey="Rengmark A" first="Aina" last="Rengmark">Aina Rengmark</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Pihlstr M, Lasse" sort="Pihlstr M, Lasse" uniqKey="Pihlstr M L" first="Lasse" last="Pihlstr M">Lasse Pihlstr M</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Fogh, Isabella" sort="Fogh, Isabella" uniqKey="Fogh I" first="Isabella" last="Fogh">Isabella Fogh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Shatunov, Aleksey" sort="Shatunov, Aleksey" uniqKey="Shatunov A" first="Aleksey" last="Shatunov">Aleksey Shatunov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Sleiman, Patrick M" sort="Sleiman, Patrick M" uniqKey="Sleiman P" first="Patrick M" last="Sleiman">Patrick M. Sleiman</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Wang, Li San" sort="Wang, Li San" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Li-San" last="Wang">Li-San Wang</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Liu, Tian" sort="Liu, Tian" uniqKey="Liu T" first="Tian" last="Liu">Tian Liu</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lassen, Christina F" sort="Lassen, Christina F" uniqKey="Lassen C" first="Christina F" last="Lassen">Christina F. Lassen</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Meissner, Esther" sort="Meissner, Esther" uniqKey="Meissner E" first="Esther" last="Meissner">Esther Meissner</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Alexopoulos, Panos" sort="Alexopoulos, Panos" uniqKey="Alexopoulos P" first="Panos" last="Alexopoulos">Panos Alexopoulos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Calvo, Andrea" sort="Calvo, Andrea" uniqKey="Calvo A" first="Andrea" last="Calvo">Andrea Calvo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, ALS Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, ALS Center, University of Torino, Torino</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Chio, Adriano" sort="Chio, Adriano" uniqKey="Chio A" first="Adriano" last="Chio">Adriano Chio</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, ALS Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Turin, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, ALS Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dizdar, Nil" sort="Dizdar, Nil" uniqKey="Dizdar N" first="Nil" last="Dizdar">Nil Dizdar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Linköping University, Linköping</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Faltraco, Frank" sort="Faltraco, Frank" uniqKey="Faltraco F" first="Frank" last="Faltraco">Frank Faltraco</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Forsgren, Lars" sort="Forsgren, Lars" uniqKey="Forsgren L" first="Lars" last="Forsgren">Lars Forsgren</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Kirchheiner, Julia" sort="Kirchheiner, Julia" uniqKey="Kirchheiner J" first="Julia" last="Kirchheiner">Julia Kirchheiner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Kurz, Alexander" sort="Kurz, Alexander" uniqKey="Kurz A" first="Alexander" last="Kurz">Alexander Kurz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Larsen, Jan P" sort="Larsen, Jan P" uniqKey="Larsen J" first="Jan P" last="Larsen">Jan P. Larsen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Liebsch, Maria" sort="Liebsch, Maria" uniqKey="Liebsch M" first="Maria" last="Liebsch">Maria Liebsch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Linder, Jan" sort="Linder, Jan" uniqKey="Linder J" first="Jan" last="Linder">Jan Linder</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Morrison, Karen E" sort="Morrison, Karen E" uniqKey="Morrison K" first="Karen E" last="Morrison">Karen E. Morrison</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Neurosciences Division, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Neurosciences Division, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nissbrandt, Hans" sort="Nissbrandt, Hans" uniqKey="Nissbrandt H" first="Hans" last="Nissbrandt">Hans Nissbrandt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Otto, Markus" sort="Otto, Markus" uniqKey="Otto M" first="Markus" last="Otto">Markus Otto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pahnke, Jens" sort="Pahnke, Jens" uniqKey="Pahnke J" first="Jens" last="Pahnke">Jens Pahnke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Partch, Amanda" sort="Partch, Amanda" uniqKey="Partch A" first="Amanda" last="Partch">Amanda Partch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Restagno, Gabriella" sort="Restagno, Gabriella" uniqKey="Restagno G" first="Gabriella" last="Restagno">Gabriella Restagno</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Pathology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Pathology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rujescu, Dan" sort="Rujescu, Dan" uniqKey="Rujescu D" first="Dan" last="Rujescu">Dan Rujescu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schnack, Cathrin" sort="Schnack, Cathrin" uniqKey="Schnack C" first="Cathrin" last="Schnack">Cathrin Schnack</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shaw, Christopher E" sort="Shaw, Christopher E" uniqKey="Shaw C" first="Christopher E" last="Shaw">Christopher E. Shaw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shaw, Pamela J" sort="Shaw, Pamela J" uniqKey="Shaw P" first="Pamela J" last="Shaw">Pamela J. Shaw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tumani, Hayrettin" sort="Tumani, Hayrettin" uniqKey="Tumani H" first="Hayrettin" last="Tumani">Hayrettin Tumani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tysnes, Ole Bj Rn" sort="Tysnes, Ole Bj Rn" uniqKey="Tysnes O" first="Ole-Bj Rn" last="Tysnes">Ole-Bj Rn Tysnes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Valladares, Otto" sort="Valladares, Otto" uniqKey="Valladares O" first="Otto" last="Valladares">Otto Valladares</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silani, Vincenzo" sort="Silani, Vincenzo" uniqKey="Silani V" first="Vincenzo" last="Silani">Vincenzo Silani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Tranplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Tranplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Den Berg, Leonard H" sort="Van Den Berg, Leonard H" uniqKey="Van Den Berg L" first="Leonard H" last="Van Den Berg">Leonard H. Van Den Berg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Netherlands ALS Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Netherlands ALS Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Rheenen, Wouter" sort="Van Rheenen, Wouter" uniqKey="Van Rheenen W" first="Wouter" last="Van Rheenen">Wouter Van Rheenen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Netherlands ALS Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Netherlands ALS Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Veldink, Jan H" sort="Veldink, Jan H" uniqKey="Veldink J" first="Jan H" last="Veldink">Jan H. Veldink</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Netherlands ALS Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Netherlands ALS Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindenberger, Ulman" sort="Lindenberger, Ulman" uniqKey="Lindenberger U" first="Ulman" last="Lindenberger">Ulman Lindenberger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Steinhagen Thiessen, Elisabeth" sort="Steinhagen Thiessen, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Steinhagen Thiessen E" first="Elisabeth" last="Steinhagen-Thiessen">Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Interdisciplinary Metabolic Center, Lipids Clinic, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Interdisciplinary Metabolic Center, Lipids Clinic, Charité University Medicine, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Teipel, Stefan" sort="Teipel, Stefan" uniqKey="Teipel S" first="Stefan" last="Teipel">Stefan Teipel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perneczky, Robert" sort="Perneczky, Robert" uniqKey="Perneczky R" first="Robert" last="Perneczky">Robert Perneczky</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London, UK; West London Cognitive Disorders Treatment and Research Unit, West London Mental Health Trust, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London, UK; West London Cognitive Disorders Treatment and Research Unit, West London Mental Health Trust, London</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hakonarson, Hakon" sort="Hakonarson, Hakon" uniqKey="Hakonarson H" first="Hakon" last="Hakonarson">Hakon Hakonarson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hampel, Harald" sort="Hampel, Harald" uniqKey="Hampel H" first="Harald" last="Hampel">Harald Hampel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France; Département de Neurologie, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France; Département de Neurologie, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Von Arnim, Christine A F" sort="Von Arnim, Christine A F" uniqKey="Von Arnim C" first="Christine A F" last="Von Arnim">Christine A F. Von Arnim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olsen, J Rgen H" sort="Olsen, J Rgen H" uniqKey="Olsen J" first="J Rgen H" last="Olsen">J Rgen H. Olsen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Deerlin, Vivianna M" sort="Van Deerlin, Vivianna M" uniqKey="Van Deerlin V" first="Vivianna M" last="Van Deerlin">Vivianna M. Van Deerlin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Chalabi, Ammar" sort="Al Chalabi, Ammar" uniqKey="Al Chalabi A" first="Ammar" last="Al-Chalabi">Ammar Al-Chalabi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Toft, Mathias" sort="Toft, Mathias" uniqKey="Toft M" first="Mathias" last="Toft">Mathias Toft</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ritz, Beate" sort="Ritz, Beate" uniqKey="Ritz B" first="Beate" last="Ritz">Beate Ritz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bertram, Lars" sort="Bertram, Lars" uniqKey="Bertram L" first="Lars" last="Bertram">Lars Bertram</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics & Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics & Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<date when="2015">2015</date>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">The role of TREM2 R47H as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Lill, Christina M" sort="Lill, Christina M" uniqKey="Lill C" first="Christina M" last="Lill">Christina M. Lill</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics & Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: christina.lill@gmx.de.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics & Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rengmark, Aina" sort="Rengmark, Aina" uniqKey="Rengmark A" first="Aina" last="Rengmark">Aina Rengmark</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pihlstr M, Lasse" sort="Pihlstr M, Lasse" uniqKey="Pihlstr M L" first="Lasse" last="Pihlstr M">Lasse Pihlstr M</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fogh, Isabella" sort="Fogh, Isabella" uniqKey="Fogh I" first="Isabella" last="Fogh">Isabella Fogh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shatunov, Aleksey" sort="Shatunov, Aleksey" uniqKey="Shatunov A" first="Aleksey" last="Shatunov">Aleksey Shatunov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sleiman, Patrick M" sort="Sleiman, Patrick M" uniqKey="Sleiman P" first="Patrick M" last="Sleiman">Patrick M. Sleiman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Li San" sort="Wang, Li San" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Li-San" last="Wang">Li-San Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Tian" sort="Liu, Tian" uniqKey="Liu T" first="Tian" last="Liu">Tian Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lassen, Christina F" sort="Lassen, Christina F" uniqKey="Lassen C" first="Christina F" last="Lassen">Christina F. Lassen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meissner, Esther" sort="Meissner, Esther" uniqKey="Meissner E" first="Esther" last="Meissner">Esther Meissner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alexopoulos, Panos" sort="Alexopoulos, Panos" uniqKey="Alexopoulos P" first="Panos" last="Alexopoulos">Panos Alexopoulos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Calvo, Andrea" sort="Calvo, Andrea" uniqKey="Calvo A" first="Andrea" last="Calvo">Andrea Calvo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, ALS Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, ALS Center, University of Torino, Torino</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chio, Adriano" sort="Chio, Adriano" uniqKey="Chio A" first="Adriano" last="Chio">Adriano Chio</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, ALS Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Turin, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, ALS Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dizdar, Nil" sort="Dizdar, Nil" uniqKey="Dizdar N" first="Nil" last="Dizdar">Nil Dizdar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Linköping University, Linköping</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Faltraco, Frank" sort="Faltraco, Frank" uniqKey="Faltraco F" first="Frank" last="Faltraco">Frank Faltraco</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Forsgren, Lars" sort="Forsgren, Lars" uniqKey="Forsgren L" first="Lars" last="Forsgren">Lars Forsgren</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kirchheiner, Julia" sort="Kirchheiner, Julia" uniqKey="Kirchheiner J" first="Julia" last="Kirchheiner">Julia Kirchheiner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kurz, Alexander" sort="Kurz, Alexander" uniqKey="Kurz A" first="Alexander" last="Kurz">Alexander Kurz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Larsen, Jan P" sort="Larsen, Jan P" uniqKey="Larsen J" first="Jan P" last="Larsen">Jan P. Larsen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liebsch, Maria" sort="Liebsch, Maria" uniqKey="Liebsch M" first="Maria" last="Liebsch">Maria Liebsch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Linder, Jan" sort="Linder, Jan" uniqKey="Linder J" first="Jan" last="Linder">Jan Linder</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morrison, Karen E" sort="Morrison, Karen E" uniqKey="Morrison K" first="Karen E" last="Morrison">Karen E. Morrison</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Neurosciences Division, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Neurosciences Division, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nissbrandt, Hans" sort="Nissbrandt, Hans" uniqKey="Nissbrandt H" first="Hans" last="Nissbrandt">Hans Nissbrandt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Otto, Markus" sort="Otto, Markus" uniqKey="Otto M" first="Markus" last="Otto">Markus Otto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pahnke, Jens" sort="Pahnke, Jens" uniqKey="Pahnke J" first="Jens" last="Pahnke">Jens Pahnke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Partch, Amanda" sort="Partch, Amanda" uniqKey="Partch A" first="Amanda" last="Partch">Amanda Partch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Restagno, Gabriella" sort="Restagno, Gabriella" uniqKey="Restagno G" first="Gabriella" last="Restagno">Gabriella Restagno</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Pathology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Pathology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rujescu, Dan" sort="Rujescu, Dan" uniqKey="Rujescu D" first="Dan" last="Rujescu">Dan Rujescu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schnack, Cathrin" sort="Schnack, Cathrin" uniqKey="Schnack C" first="Cathrin" last="Schnack">Cathrin Schnack</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shaw, Christopher E" sort="Shaw, Christopher E" uniqKey="Shaw C" first="Christopher E" last="Shaw">Christopher E. Shaw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shaw, Pamela J" sort="Shaw, Pamela J" uniqKey="Shaw P" first="Pamela J" last="Shaw">Pamela J. Shaw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tumani, Hayrettin" sort="Tumani, Hayrettin" uniqKey="Tumani H" first="Hayrettin" last="Tumani">Hayrettin Tumani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tysnes, Ole Bj Rn" sort="Tysnes, Ole Bj Rn" uniqKey="Tysnes O" first="Ole-Bj Rn" last="Tysnes">Ole-Bj Rn Tysnes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Valladares, Otto" sort="Valladares, Otto" uniqKey="Valladares O" first="Otto" last="Valladares">Otto Valladares</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silani, Vincenzo" sort="Silani, Vincenzo" uniqKey="Silani V" first="Vincenzo" last="Silani">Vincenzo Silani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Tranplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Tranplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Den Berg, Leonard H" sort="Van Den Berg, Leonard H" uniqKey="Van Den Berg L" first="Leonard H" last="Van Den Berg">Leonard H. Van Den Berg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Netherlands ALS Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Netherlands ALS Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Rheenen, Wouter" sort="Van Rheenen, Wouter" uniqKey="Van Rheenen W" first="Wouter" last="Van Rheenen">Wouter Van Rheenen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Netherlands ALS Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Netherlands ALS Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Veldink, Jan H" sort="Veldink, Jan H" uniqKey="Veldink J" first="Jan H" last="Veldink">Jan H. Veldink</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Netherlands ALS Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Netherlands ALS Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindenberger, Ulman" sort="Lindenberger, Ulman" uniqKey="Lindenberger U" first="Ulman" last="Lindenberger">Ulman Lindenberger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Steinhagen Thiessen, Elisabeth" sort="Steinhagen Thiessen, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Steinhagen Thiessen E" first="Elisabeth" last="Steinhagen-Thiessen">Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Interdisciplinary Metabolic Center, Lipids Clinic, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Interdisciplinary Metabolic Center, Lipids Clinic, Charité University Medicine, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Teipel, Stefan" sort="Teipel, Stefan" uniqKey="Teipel S" first="Stefan" last="Teipel">Stefan Teipel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perneczky, Robert" sort="Perneczky, Robert" uniqKey="Perneczky R" first="Robert" last="Perneczky">Robert Perneczky</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London, UK; West London Cognitive Disorders Treatment and Research Unit, West London Mental Health Trust, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London, UK; West London Cognitive Disorders Treatment and Research Unit, West London Mental Health Trust, London</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hakonarson, Hakon" sort="Hakonarson, Hakon" uniqKey="Hakonarson H" first="Hakon" last="Hakonarson">Hakon Hakonarson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hampel, Harald" sort="Hampel, Harald" uniqKey="Hampel H" first="Harald" last="Hampel">Harald Hampel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France; Département de Neurologie, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France; Département de Neurologie, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Von Arnim, Christine A F" sort="Von Arnim, Christine A F" uniqKey="Von Arnim C" first="Christine A F" last="Von Arnim">Christine A F. Von Arnim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olsen, J Rgen H" sort="Olsen, J Rgen H" uniqKey="Olsen J" first="J Rgen H" last="Olsen">J Rgen H. Olsen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Deerlin, Vivianna M" sort="Van Deerlin, Vivianna M" uniqKey="Van Deerlin V" first="Vivianna M" last="Van Deerlin">Vivianna M. Van Deerlin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Chalabi, Ammar" sort="Al Chalabi, Ammar" uniqKey="Al Chalabi A" first="Ammar" last="Al-Chalabi">Ammar Al-Chalabi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Toft, Mathias" sort="Toft, Mathias" uniqKey="Toft M" first="Mathias" last="Toft">Mathias Toft</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ritz, Beate" sort="Ritz, Beate" uniqKey="Ritz B" first="Beate" last="Ritz">Beate Ritz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bertram, Lars" sort="Bertram, Lars" uniqKey="Bertram L" first="Lars" last="Bertram">Lars Bertram</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics & Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics & Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<series><title level="j">Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1552-5279</idno>
<imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date>
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<term>Alleles</term>
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<term>Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (genetics)</term>
<term>Case-Control Studies</term>
<term>European Continental Ancestry Group</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (genetics)</term>
<term>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</term>
<term>Genotype</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Membrane Glycoproteins (genetics)</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Neurodegenerative Diseases (genetics)</term>
<term>Parkinson Disease (genetics)</term>
<term>Quantitative Trait Loci</term>
<term>Receptors, Immunologic (genetics)</term>
<term>Risk Factors</term>
<term>tau Proteins (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
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<term>Receptors, Immunologic</term>
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<term>Neurodegenerative Diseases</term>
<term>Parkinson Disease</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">A rare variant in TREM2 (p.R47H, rs75932628) was recently reported to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and, subsequently, other neurodegenerative diseases, i.e. frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we comprehensively assessed TREM2 rs75932628 for association with these diseases in a total of 19,940 previously untyped subjects of European descent. These data were combined with those from 28 published data sets by meta-analysis. Furthermore, we tested whether rs75932628 shows association with amyloid beta (Aβ42) and total-tau protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 828 individuals with AD or mild cognitive impairment. Our data show that rs75932628 is highly significantly associated with the risk of AD across 24,086 AD cases and 148,993 controls of European descent (odds ratio or OR = 2.71, P = 4.67 × 10(-25)). No consistent evidence for association was found between this marker and the risk of FTLD (OR = 2.24, P = .0113 across 2673 cases/9283 controls), PD (OR = 1.36, P = .0767 across 8311 cases/79,938 controls) and ALS (OR = 1.41, P = .198 across 5544 cases/7072 controls). Furthermore, carriers of the rs75932628 risk allele showed significantly increased levels of CSF-total-tau (P = .0110) but not Aβ42 suggesting that TREM2's role in AD may involve tau dysfunction.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25936935</PMID>
<DateCreated><Year>2015</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>24</Day>
</DateCreated>
<DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>08</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2016</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>01</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1552-5279</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>11</Volume>
<Issue>12</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2015</Year>
<Month>Dec</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Alzheimers Dement</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>The role of TREM2 R47H as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>1407-16</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.jalz.2014.12.009</ELocationID>
<ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1552-5260(15)00122-3</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>A rare variant in TREM2 (p.R47H, rs75932628) was recently reported to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and, subsequently, other neurodegenerative diseases, i.e. frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we comprehensively assessed TREM2 rs75932628 for association with these diseases in a total of 19,940 previously untyped subjects of European descent. These data were combined with those from 28 published data sets by meta-analysis. Furthermore, we tested whether rs75932628 shows association with amyloid beta (Aβ42) and total-tau protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 828 individuals with AD or mild cognitive impairment. Our data show that rs75932628 is highly significantly associated with the risk of AD across 24,086 AD cases and 148,993 controls of European descent (odds ratio or OR = 2.71, P = 4.67 × 10(-25)). No consistent evidence for association was found between this marker and the risk of FTLD (OR = 2.24, P = .0113 across 2673 cases/9283 controls), PD (OR = 1.36, P = .0767 across 8311 cases/79,938 controls) and ALS (OR = 1.41, P = .198 across 5544 cases/7072 controls). Furthermore, carriers of the rs75932628 risk allele showed significantly increased levels of CSF-total-tau (P = .0110) but not Aβ42 suggesting that TREM2's role in AD may involve tau dysfunction.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2015 The Alzheimer's Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lill</LastName>
<ForeName>Christina M</ForeName>
<Initials>CM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics & Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: christina.lill@gmx.de.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rengmark</LastName>
<ForeName>Aina</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pihlstrøm</LastName>
<ForeName>Lasse</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fogh</LastName>
<ForeName>Isabella</ForeName>
<Initials>I</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shatunov</LastName>
<ForeName>Aleksey</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sleiman</LastName>
<ForeName>Patrick M</ForeName>
<Initials>PM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName>
<ForeName>Li-San</ForeName>
<Initials>LS</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName>
<ForeName>Tian</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lassen</LastName>
<ForeName>Christina F</ForeName>
<Initials>CF</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Meissner</LastName>
<ForeName>Esther</ForeName>
<Initials>E</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alexopoulos</LastName>
<ForeName>Panos</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Calvo</LastName>
<ForeName>Andrea</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, ALS Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chio</LastName>
<ForeName>Adriano</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, ALS Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Turin, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dizdar</LastName>
<ForeName>Nil</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Faltraco</LastName>
<ForeName>Frank</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Forsgren</LastName>
<ForeName>Lars</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kirchheiner</LastName>
<ForeName>Julia</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kurz</LastName>
<ForeName>Alexander</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Larsen</LastName>
<ForeName>Jan P</ForeName>
<Initials>JP</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liebsch</LastName>
<ForeName>Maria</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Linder</LastName>
<ForeName>Jan</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Morrison</LastName>
<ForeName>Karen E</ForeName>
<Initials>KE</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Neurosciences Division, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nissbrandt</LastName>
<ForeName>Hans</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Otto</LastName>
<ForeName>Markus</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pahnke</LastName>
<ForeName>Jens</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Partch</LastName>
<ForeName>Amanda</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Restagno</LastName>
<ForeName>Gabriella</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Pathology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rujescu</LastName>
<ForeName>Dan</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
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<Initials>CA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.</Affiliation>
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<Initials>VM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.</Affiliation>
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<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
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<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ritz</LastName>
<ForeName>Beate</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.</Affiliation>
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<Initials>L</Initials>
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