Effects of halving pesticide use on wheat production
Identifieur interne : 000020 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000019; suivant : 000021Effects of halving pesticide use on wheat production
Auteurs : L. Hossard [France] ; A. Philibert [France] ; M. Bertrand [France] ; C. Colnenne-David [France] ; P. Debaeke [France] ; N. Munier-Jolain [France] ; M. H. Jeuffroy [France] ; G. Richard [France] ; D. Makowski [France]Source :
- Scientific Reports [ 2045-2322 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Pesticides pose serious threats to both human health and the environment. In Europe, farmers are encouraged to reduce their use, and in France a recent environmental policy fixed a target of halving the pesticide use by 2018. Organic and integrated cropping systems have been proposed as possible solutions for reducing pesticide use, but the effect of reducing pesticide use on crop yield remains unclear. Here we use a set of cropping system experiments to quantify the yield losses resulting from a reduction of pesticide use for winter wheat in France. Our estimated yield losses resulting from a 50% reduction in pesticide use ranged from 5 to 13% of the yield obtained with the current pesticide use. At the scale of the whole country, these losses would decrease the French wheat production by about 2 to 3 millions of tons, which represent about 15% of the French wheat export.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/srep04405
PubMed: 24651597
PubMed Central: 3960944
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Pesticides pose serious threats to both human health and the environment. In Europe, farmers are encouraged to reduce their use, and in France a recent environmental policy fixed a target of halving the pesticide use by 2018. Organic and integrated cropping systems have been proposed as possible solutions for reducing pesticide use, but the effect of reducing pesticide use on crop yield remains unclear. Here we use a set of cropping system experiments to quantify the yield losses resulting from a reduction of pesticide use for winter wheat in France. Our estimated yield losses resulting from a 50% reduction in pesticide use ranged from 5 to 13% of the yield obtained with the current pesticide use. At the scale of the whole country, these losses would decrease the French wheat production by about 2 to 3 millions of tons, which represent about 15% of the French wheat export.</p>
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</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sci Rep</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Sci Rep</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Scientific Reports</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2045-2322</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24651597</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3960944</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pii">srep04405</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/srep04405</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Effects of halving pesticide use on wheat production</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hossard</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1">a</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Philibert</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bertrand</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Colnenne-David</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Debaeke</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Munier-Jolain</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a5">5</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jeuffroy</surname>
<given-names>M. H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Richard</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Makowski</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="a1"><label>1</label>
<institution>INRA</institution>
, UMR211 Agronomie, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon,<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="a2"><label>2</label>
<institution>AgroParisTech</institution>
, UMR Agronomie, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon,<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="a3"><label>3</label>
<institution>INRA</institution>
, UMR1248 AGIR, F-31320 Castanet-Tolosan,<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="a4"><label>4</label>
<institution>Université de Toulouse, INPT</institution>
, UMR AGIR, F-31029 Toulouse,<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="a5"><label>5</label>
<institution>INRA</institution>
, UMR1347 Agroecologie, F-21065 Dijon,<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="a6"><label>6</label>
<institution>AgroSup Dijon</institution>
, UMR Agroecologie, F-21065 Dijon,<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="a7"><label>7</label>
<institution>INRA</institution>
, UAR1155 Département Environnement et Agronomie, F-84914 Avignon,<country>France</country>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="c1"><label>a</label>
<email>laure.hossard@supagro.inra.fr</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>4</volume>
<elocation-id>4405</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>06</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>28</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014, Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved</copyright-holder>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/"><pmc-comment>author-paid</pmc-comment>
<license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/</ext-link>
</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Pesticides pose serious threats to both human health and the environment. In Europe, farmers are encouraged to reduce their use, and in France a recent environmental policy fixed a target of halving the pesticide use by 2018. Organic and integrated cropping systems have been proposed as possible solutions for reducing pesticide use, but the effect of reducing pesticide use on crop yield remains unclear. Here we use a set of cropping system experiments to quantify the yield losses resulting from a reduction of pesticide use for winter wheat in France. Our estimated yield losses resulting from a 50% reduction in pesticide use ranged from 5 to 13% of the yield obtained with the current pesticide use. At the scale of the whole country, these losses would decrease the French wheat production by about 2 to 3 millions of tons, which represent about 15% of the French wheat export.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><fig id="f1"><label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><title>Nine yield response curves fitted by quantile regression, for quantile values ranging from 0.1 (lowest curve) to 0.9 (highest curve) with a step of 0.1.</title>
<p>Two different functions were considered; log (A) and quadratic (B). Black points indicate the yield data.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="srep04405-f1"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="f2"><label>Figure 2</label>
<caption><title>Fitted yield response curves obtained with the stochastic frontier analysis method using the log function (A) and the quadratic function (B).</title>
<p>Dotted lines indicate the 95% confidence intervals of the fitted curves.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="srep04405-f2"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="f3"><label>Figure 3</label>
<caption><title>Yield losses resulting from a 50% reduction of pesticide use (in red) and from a 100% reduction (zero pesticide, in blue).</title>
<p>Losses were estimated using quantile regression for quantile values ranging from 0.1 to 0.9. Dotted lines indicate 95% confidence intervals.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="srep04405-f3"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap position="float" id="t1"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><title>Yield losses resulting from a 50% reduction of pesticide use (change from TFI 4.1 to TFI 2.05) estimated with two response functions (log and quadratic) and two statistical methods (quantile regression and stochastic frontier). Yield losses are expressed in t ha<sup>−1</sup>
and in percentages of the yields obtained with the current level of pesticide use. Results obtained with the quantile regression method are shown for three quantiles (median, and percentiles 20 and 80%). 95% confidence intervals are given in brackets</title>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col>
<col align="center"></col>
<col align="center"></col>
<col align="center"></col>
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="justify" valign="top" charoff="50">Function</th>
<th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Statistical method</th>
<th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Yield loss (t ha<sup>−1</sup>
)</th>
<th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Yield loss (%)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Log</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Quantile regression (median)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">0.48 (0.26, 0.59)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">6.74 (3.84, 8.13)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Log</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Quantile regression (percentile 20%)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">0.42 (0.28, 0.68)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">6.93 (4.7, 11.67)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Log</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Quantile regression (percentile 80%)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">0.43 (0.3, 0.56)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">5.24 (3.84, 6.85)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Log</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Stochastic frontier</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">0.47 (0.34, 0.61)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">5.35 (3.9, 6.98)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Quadratic</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Quantile regression (median)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">0.88 (0.53, 1.06)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">12.14 (7.6, 14.28)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Quadratic</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Quantile regression (percentile 20%)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">0.73 (0.49, 1.05)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">11.96 (8.17, 16.44)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Quadratic</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Quantile regression (percentile 80%)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">0.86 (0.56, 1.03)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">10.41 (6.98, 12.5)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Quadratic</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Stochastic frontier</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">0.83 (0.61, 0.98)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">10.18 (7.7, 12.29)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float" id="t2"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><title>Yield losses resulting from zero-pesticide application (change from TFI 4.1 to TFI 0) estimated with two response functions (log and quadratic) and two statistical methods (quantile regression and stochastic frontier). Yield losses are expressed in t ha<sup>−1</sup>
and in percentages of the yields obtained with the current level of pesticide use. Results obtained with the quantile regression method are shown for three quantiles (median, and percentiles 20 and 80%). 95% confidence intervals are given in brackets</title>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col>
<col align="center"></col>
<col align="center"></col>
<col align="center"></col>
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="justify" valign="top" charoff="50">Function</th>
<th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Statistical method</th>
<th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Yield loss (t ha<sup>−1</sup>
)</th>
<th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Yield loss (%)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Log</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Quantile regression (median)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">2.31 (1.36, 2.74)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">32.26 (19.64, 37.71)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Log</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Quantile regression (percentile 20%)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">2.02 (1.4, 2.92)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">33.04 (23.56, 49.98)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Log</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Quantile regression (percentile 80%)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">2.13 (1.56, 2.69)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">25.97 (19.65, 32.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Log</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Stochastic frontier</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">2.33 (1.74, 2.93)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">26.43 (19.77, 33.3)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Quadratic</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Quantile regression (median)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">2.23 (1.27, 2.78)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">30.79 (18.36, 36.94)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Quadratic</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Quantile regression (percentile 20%)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">1.84 (1.07, 2.74)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">30.04 (18.5, 42.73)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Quadratic</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Quantile regression (percentile 80%)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">2.1 (1.27, 2.56)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">25.5 (15.63, 30.47)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Quadratic</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Stochastic frontier</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">1.98 (1.48, 2.51)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char=" " charoff="50">24.31 (18.49, 31.5)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float" id="t3"><label>Table 3</label>
<caption><title>Main characteristics of the experimental designs</title>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col>
<col align="center"></col>
<col align="center"></col>
<col align="center"></col>
<col align="center"></col>
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="justify" valign="top" charoff="50">Site</th>
<th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Number of cropping systems</th>
<th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Number of replicates per cropping system</th>
<th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Years with winter wheat (number of yield data per year)</th>
<th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Number of yield data per site</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Toulouse</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">4</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1996 (3); 2000 (1); 2001 (1); 2002 (1)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">6</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Versailles</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">4</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">4</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1998 (8); 1999 (8); 2000 (8); 2001 (6); 2002 (8); 2003 (8); 2004 (8); 2005 (8); 2006 (8); 2007 (10); 2008 (10); 2009 (6); 2010 (10); 2011 (6); 2012 (6)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">118</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Dijon</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">5</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">2001 (8); 2002 (1); 2003 (5); 2004 (5); 2005 (1); 2006 (1) 2007 (1); 2008 (3); 2009 (4); 2010 (3); 2011 (3); 2012 (5)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">40</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Grignon</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">4</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">2009 (3); 2010 (6); 2011 (3)</td>
<td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">12</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
</record>
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