Links to Exploration step
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Progressive and self-limiting neurodegenerative disorders in Africa: a new prominent field of research led by South Africa but without strong health policy</title><author><name sortKey="Poreau, Brice" sort="Poreau, Brice" uniqKey="Poreau B" first="Brice" last="Poreau">Brice Poreau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0001">CHU Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27872676</idno><idno type="pmc">5111969</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5111969</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5111969</idno><idno type="doi">10.11604/pamj.2016.23.220.8475</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000868</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000868</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Progressive and self-limiting neurodegenerative disorders in Africa: a new prominent field of research led by South Africa but without strong health policy</title><author><name sortKey="Poreau, Brice" sort="Poreau, Brice" uniqKey="Poreau B" first="Brice" last="Poreau">Brice Poreau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0001">CHU Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Pan African Medical Journal</title><idno type="eISSN">1937-8688</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="st1"><title>Introduction</title><p>Neurodegenerative disorders are involved in mortality and morbidity of every country. A high prevalence is estimated in Africa. Neurodegenerative disorders are defined by a progressive or self-limiting alteration of neurons implied in specific functional and anatomical functions. It encompasses a various range of clinical disorders from self-limiting to progressive. Focus on public health policies and scientific research is needed to understand the mechanisms to reduce this high prevalence. We use bibliometrics and mapping tools to explore the area studies and countries involved in scientific research on neurodegenerative disorders in Africa.</p></sec><sec id="st2"><title>Methods</title><p>We used two databases: Web of Science and Pubmed. We analyzed the journals, most cited articles, authors, publication years, organizations, funding agencies, countries and keywords in Web of Science Core collection database and publication years and Medical Subject Headings in Pubmed database. We mapped the data using VOSviewer.</p></sec><sec id="st3"><title>Results</title><p>We accessed 44 articles published between 1975 and 2014 in Web of Science Core collection Database and 669 from Pubmed database. The majority of which were after 2006. The main countries involved in research on neurodegenerative disorders in Africa the USA, the United Kingdom, France and South Africa representing the main network collaboration. Clinical neurology and Genetics hereditary are the main Web of Science categories whereas Neurosciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology are the main Web of Science categories for the general search “neurodegenerative disorders” not restrained to Africa. This is confirmed by Medical Subject Headings analysis from Pubmed with one more area study: Treatment.</p></sec><sec id="st4"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Neurodegenerative disorders research is leaded by South Africa with a network involving the USA, the UK, as well as African countries such Zambia. The chief field that emerged was on patient and hereditary as well as treatment. Public health policies were lacking fields in research whereas prevalence is estimated to be important in every country. New 17 sustainable development goals of the United Nations could help in this way.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roos, R" uniqKey="Roos R">R Roos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kalia, Lv" uniqKey="Kalia L">LV Kalia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lang, Ae" uniqKey="Lang A">AE Lang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ballard, C" uniqKey="Ballard C">C Ballard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gauthier, S" uniqKey="Gauthier S">S Gauthier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Corbett, A" uniqKey="Corbett A">A Corbett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brayne, C" uniqKey="Brayne C">C Brayne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aarsland, D" uniqKey="Aarsland D">D Aarsland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, E" uniqKey="Jones E">E Jones</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Przedborski, S" uniqKey="Przedborski S">S Przedborski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vila, M" uniqKey="Vila M">M Vila</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson Lewis, V" uniqKey="Jackson Lewis V">V Jackson-Lewis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Der Burg, J" uniqKey="Van Der Burg J">J Van der Burg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bjorkqvist, M" uniqKey="Bjorkqvist M">M Björkqvist</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brundin, P" uniqKey="Brundin P">P Brundin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Von Campenhausen, S" uniqKey="Von Campenhausen S">S Von Campenhausen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bornschein, B" uniqKey="Bornschein B">B Bornschein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wick, R" uniqKey="Wick R">R Wick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Botzel, K" uniqKey="Botzel K">K Bötzel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sampaio, C" uniqKey="Sampaio C">C Sampaio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poewe, W" uniqKey="Poewe W">W Poewe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oertel, W" uniqKey="Oertel W">W Oertel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Siebert, U" uniqKey="Siebert U">U Siebert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berger, K" uniqKey="Berger K">K Berger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dodel, R" uniqKey="Dodel R">R Dodel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Andlin Sobocki, P" uniqKey="Andlin Sobocki P">P Andlin-Sobocki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jonsson, B" uniqKey="Jonsson B">B Jönsson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wittchen, Hu" uniqKey="Wittchen H">HU Wittchen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olesen, J" uniqKey="Olesen J">J Olesen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lekoubou, A" uniqKey="Lekoubou A">A Lekoubou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Echouffo Tcheugui, J" uniqKey="Echouffo Tcheugui J">J Echouffo-Tcheugui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kengne, A" uniqKey="Kengne A">A Kengne</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tumwine, Jk" uniqKey="Tumwine J">JK Tumwine</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vandemaele, K" uniqKey="Vandemaele K">K Vandemaele</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chungong, S" uniqKey="Chungong S">S Chungong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richer, M" uniqKey="Richer M">M Richer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anker, M" uniqKey="Anker M">M Anker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ayana, Y" uniqKey="Ayana Y">Y Ayana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Opoka, Ml" uniqKey="Opoka M">ML Opoka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klaucke, Dn" uniqKey="Klaucke D">DN Klaucke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quarello, A" uniqKey="Quarello A">A Quarello</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spencer, Ps" uniqKey="Spencer P">PS Spencer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ngudi, Dd" uniqKey="Ngudi D">DD Ngudi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kuo, Yh" uniqKey="Kuo Y">YH Kuo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Montagu, M" uniqKey="Van Montagu M">M Van Montagu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lambein, F" uniqKey="Lambein F">F Lambein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Poreau, B" uniqKey="Poreau B">B Poreau</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Poreau, B" uniqKey="Poreau B">B Poreau</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leydesdorff, L" uniqKey="Leydesdorff L">L Leydesdorff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rotolo, D" uniqKey="Rotolo D">D Rotolo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rafols, I" uniqKey="Rafols I">I Rafols</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Eck, Nj" uniqKey="Van Eck N">NJ Van Eck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Waltman, L" uniqKey="Waltman L">L Waltman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leydesdorff, L" uniqKey="Leydesdorff L">L Leydesdorff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carley, S" uniqKey="Carley S">S Carley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rafols, I" uniqKey="Rafols I">I Rafols</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aiyesimoju, Ab" uniqKey="Aiyesimoju A">AB Aiyesimoju</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osuntokun, Bo" uniqKey="Osuntokun B">BO Osuntokun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bademosi, O" uniqKey="Bademosi O">O Bademosi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adeuja, Ao" uniqKey="Adeuja A">AO Adeuja</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dotchin, C" uniqKey="Dotchin C">C Dotchin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, R" uniqKey="Walker R">R Walker</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sizer, Eb" uniqKey="Sizer E">EB Sizer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haw, T" uniqKey="Haw T">T Haw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wessels, Tm" uniqKey="Wessels T">TM Wessels</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kromberg, Jgr" uniqKey="Kromberg J">JGR Kromberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krause, A" uniqKey="Krause A">A Krause</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Pan Afr Med J</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Pan Afr Med J</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PAMJ</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Pan African Medical Journal</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1937-8688</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The African Field Epidemiology Network</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27872676</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5111969</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PAMJ-23-220</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.11604/pamj.2016.23.220.8475</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Progressive and self-limiting neurodegenerative disorders in Africa: a new prominent field of research led by South Africa but without strong health policy</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Poreau</surname><given-names>Brice</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">&</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="AF0001"><label>1</label>CHU Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>&</label>Corresponding author: Brice Poreau, CHU Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>4</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><elocation-id>220</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>23</day><month>11</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>09</day><month>2</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Brice Poreau et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/"><license-p>The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec id="st1"><title>Introduction</title><p>Neurodegenerative disorders are involved in mortality and morbidity of every country. A high prevalence is estimated in Africa. Neurodegenerative disorders are defined by a progressive or self-limiting alteration of neurons implied in specific functional and anatomical functions. It encompasses a various range of clinical disorders from self-limiting to progressive. Focus on public health policies and scientific research is needed to understand the mechanisms to reduce this high prevalence. We use bibliometrics and mapping tools to explore the area studies and countries involved in scientific research on neurodegenerative disorders in Africa.</p></sec><sec id="st2"><title>Methods</title><p>We used two databases: Web of Science and Pubmed. We analyzed the journals, most cited articles, authors, publication years, organizations, funding agencies, countries and keywords in Web of Science Core collection database and publication years and Medical Subject Headings in Pubmed database. We mapped the data using VOSviewer.</p></sec><sec id="st3"><title>Results</title><p>We accessed 44 articles published between 1975 and 2014 in Web of Science Core collection Database and 669 from Pubmed database. The majority of which were after 2006. The main countries involved in research on neurodegenerative disorders in Africa the USA, the United Kingdom, France and South Africa representing the main network collaboration. Clinical neurology and Genetics hereditary are the main Web of Science categories whereas Neurosciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology are the main Web of Science categories for the general search “neurodegenerative disorders” not restrained to Africa. This is confirmed by Medical Subject Headings analysis from Pubmed with one more area study: Treatment.</p></sec><sec id="st4"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Neurodegenerative disorders research is leaded by South Africa with a network involving the USA, the UK, as well as African countries such Zambia. The chief field that emerged was on patient and hereditary as well as treatment. Public health policies were lacking fields in research whereas prevalence is estimated to be important in every country. New 17 sustainable development goals of the United Nations could help in this way.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Neurodegenerative disorders</kwd><kwd>strong health policy</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>morbidity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec sec-type="intro" id="S0001"><title>Introduction</title><p>Neurodegenerative disorders (ND) encompass various pathologies from well-identified genetic abnormalities such as Huntington's disease [<xref rid="CIT0001" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>] to multifactorial mechanisms such as Parkinson disease or Alzheimer disease [<xref rid="CIT0002" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>, <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>]. ND are characterized by a progressive dysfunction of the central nervous system. Definitions of neurodegeneration can be multiple and we define it in this paper as a progressive or self-limiting alteration of neurons implied in specific functional and anatomical functions [<xref rid="CIT0004" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>]. Nevertheless, clinical findings of ND are not only neurologic and can also be multisystemic, it means with dysfunctions of other organs such as in Huntington's disease [<xref rid="CIT0005" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>]. Prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders is very high. For example, in Europe, only Parkinson disease is estimated from 65.6 per 100,000 to 12,500 per 100,000 inhabitants [<xref rid="CIT0006" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]. Costs are huge; estimation in 2004 in Europe is 386 billion euros [<xref rid="CIT0007" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>]. Neurodegenerative disorders are involved in mortality and morbidity of every country. A high prevalence is estimated in Africa [<xref rid="CIT0008" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>]. Focus on public health policies and scientific research is needed to understand the mechanisms to reduce this prevalence. In order to focus on a Africa-relevant approach, I will study both progressive and self-limiting neurodegenerative disorders, including, for example Nodding Syndrome (progressive) and cassavism, lathyrism (self-limiting). All of these disorders have been and are likely to continue to be endemic/epidemic regionally in Africa [<xref rid="CIT0009" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>, <xref rid="CIT0010" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>]. The aim of this article is to analyze scientific publications on neurodegenerative disorders in Africa and to determine the links between the countries involved and the area studies.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods" id="S0002"><title>Methods</title><p>We used previously described methods [<xref rid="CIT0011" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>, <xref rid="CIT0012" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>]. In brief, we accessed through two databases: the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCIE) database Core collection, from the Web of Science (WOS) platform Thomson Reuters and Pubmed database. Concerning the WOS database, in the advanced search from WOS, we obtained the articles using this formula: TS=(Neurodegenerative disorders AND Africa) for the period 1975-2014. We verified each record to ensure its relevance. There were no restrictions regarding the document types. Then, we performed the “analysis results” function of WOS. We extracted: journals, most cited articles, authors, countries, funding agencies, organizations, publication years and Web of Science Categories. In order to evaluate the research networks between countries, after the analysis by country, we viewed the records of each country and then performed the analysis a second time in order to understand the links between the chosen country and the other countries. We then established the mapping diagram. To analyze the Web of Science Categories, we exported the date into a file “analyze.txt”. This file can be read by the program wc10.exe. It generated map-files for VOSviewer [<xref rid="CIT0012" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>–<xref rid="CIT0014" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>]. These analyses were to compare with the same search but without “Africa”. It means we performed the search TS = Neurodegenerative in WOS database. We added search of another database: Pubmed, to extend the results of the WOS database. We obtained publications using this formula: (Neurodegenerative disorders AND Africa) AND (“1900”(Date - Publication): “2014/12/31”(Date - Publication)). We extracted publication years. We extracted data with MEDLINE file. We then analyzed Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) with previously method described. We generated VOS-viewer picture as described [<xref rid="CIT0012" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>–<xref rid="CIT0014" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>]. The WOS core collection database and Pubmed database were used to perform our study. Publications from African countries could be not indexed in these databases.</p></sec><sec sec-type="results" id="S0003"><title>Results</title><p>Using WOS core collection database, we obtained 44 records. More than 68% of the records were after 2006 (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T0001">Table 1</xref>). The four authors with most records were Van Staden (South Africa), Aderogba (South Africa), Krausen (South Africa) and Ndhlala (South Africa). The main journals were European Journal of Human Genetics (6,8%), Journal of Ethnopharmacology (6,8%), African Journal of Biotechnology (4,5%), Journal of the Neurological Sciences (4,5%), Movement disorders (4,5%), South African Medical Journal (4,5%). The main research funding agencies were the University of Kwazulu-Natal (South Africa) (6,8%), UK Parkinson disease Society (4,5%), The University of Cape Town Research Council (South Africa) (4,5%) and the National Research Fundation (South Africa) (4,5%). The four most represented institutions were the University of Cape-Town (11,3%), INSERM (French Institute of Health and Medical Research, France) (9%), the University of Kwazulu-Natal (South Africa) (9%), The University of Witwatersrand (South Africa) (9%). The main countries involved were South Africa (31,8%), the United States of America (29,5%), the United Kingdom (18,18%), France (11,3%), Australia (6,8%), Canada (6,8%) and Italy (6,8%). We presented the countries involved according to the percentage of publications found in WOS database (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F0001">Figure 1</xref>). Then, we mapped the networks between the main countries (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F0002">Figure 2</xref>). The scientific network concerning research on neurodegenerative disorders, with the main countries involved, is described. The main arrow/link is between the USA, the United Kingdom and South Africa as the most important collaboration. Others networks are involved with France, Canada, Japan, Italy, the Netherlands and African countries such as Zambia, Morocco, Togo and Benin. Finally, we used VOSviewer to map the Web of Science Categories (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F0003">Figure 3</xref>). The most important categories were Clinical neurology and Genetics Heredity. We compare it to the map of the search “neurodegenerative disorders” without restraining to Africa (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F0004">Figure 4</xref>). The most important categories were Neurosciences and Biochemistry Molecular Biology in that case, showing differences between publications specifically focused on Africa or on neurodegenerative disorders in general. We then compared the data from WOS database with another database: Pubmed. We extracted 669 publications. We presented the publication years and 38% were after 2006 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F0002">Figure 2</xref>). This result is concordant with WOS database. Moreover, more publications were found in percentage before 2006, and first publications were in the 1960s. We extracted the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), and we mapped with VOSviewer (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F0005">Figure 5</xref>). The main MeSH are patient, mutation, neurodegenerative disorder and treatment. The first MeSH are concordant with WOS categories (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F0003">Figure 3</xref>): patient, mutation, and neurodegenerative disorder with Clinical neurology and Genetics Heredity. We also found the MeSH treatment in pubmed. This topic is not found with WOS database.
</p><fig id="F0001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Countries involved in neurodegenerative disorders research in Africa according to the percentage of publications in WOS database. The United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), South Africa and France are the main countries</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="PAMJ-23-220-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="F0002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Publication collaboration networks between the countries involved in neurodegenerative disorders research in Africa, according to WOS database. The main network is between South Africa, US and UK</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="PAMJ-23-220-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="F0003" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Web of Science categories for the search “Neurodegenerative disorders AND Africa”. The main categories are Clinical Neurology and Genetics Heredity</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="PAMJ-23-220-g003"></graphic></fig><fig id="F0004" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Web of Science categories for the search “Neurodegenerative disorders”. The main categories are Neurosciences and Biochemistry Molecular Biology</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="PAMJ-23-220-g004"></graphic></fig><fig id="F0005" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) of the search “Neurodegenerative disorders AND Africa” in Pubmed database. The main MeSH are patient, mutation, neurodegenerative disorder and treatment</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="PAMJ-23-220-g005"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T0001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Records (n = 44, WOS database) per year from 1975 to 2014 (68% of publications were after 2006)</p></caption><table frame="border" rules="all"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Publication Years</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">records</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2014</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18,182</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2013</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9,091</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2012</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15,909</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2011</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,545</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2010</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6,818</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2009</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6,818</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2008</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,273</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2007</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,273</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2006</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,273</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2005</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,273</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2004</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,545</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2000</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,273</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1999</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6,818</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1998</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6,818</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1997</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,273</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1995</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6,818</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></sec><sec sec-type="discussion" id="S0004"><title>Discussion</title><p>The results of our analysis of two databases present a majority of publications after 2006 (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T0001">Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="T0002">Table 2</xref>). Pubmed database allow us to say that studies on neurodegenerative disorders in Africa were performed decades ago [<xref rid="CIT0015" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>]. Neurodegenerative disorders are therefore a burning issue for the African continent.
</p><table-wrap id="T0002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Records (n = 669, Pubmed database) per year from 1964 to 2015 (38% of publications were after 2006)</p></caption><table frame="border" rules="all"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Publications years</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Records</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Publications years</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Records</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2014</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9,012</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1989</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,163</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2013</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,727</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1988</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,744</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2012</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7,558</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1987</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,017</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2011</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5,959</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1986</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,308</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2010</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,581</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1985</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,581</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2009</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,581</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1984</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,017</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2008</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6,105</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1983</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,436</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2007</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,471</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1982</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,581</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2006</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,942</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1981</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,727</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2005</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,762</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1980</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,872</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2004</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,779</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1979</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,727</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2003</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,070</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1978</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,291</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2002</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,198</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1977</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,436</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,488</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1976</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,145</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2000</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,052</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1975</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,145</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1999</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,779</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1974</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,291</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1998</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,180</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1973</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,727</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1997</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,198</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1972</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,163</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1996</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,616</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1971</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,145</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1995</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,471</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1970</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,581</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1994</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,326</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1969</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,436</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1993</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,326</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1967</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,291</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1992</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,180</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1966</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,291</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1991</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,599</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1964</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,436</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1990</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,727</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p>The increase of publications after 2006 is concordant with the general increase of publications in these two databases. Nevertheless the general volume of publications is very low. In fact, only with the example of WOS database, 44 publications were found with the search “neurodegenerative disorders AND Africa” whereas we found more than 24000 publications with the search “Neurodegenerative disorders” without restraining to Africa. It represents only 0, 18% of the publications of this fields of research. It means that the area studies are different if we restrain or not to Africa. According to <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F0002">Figure 2</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F0003">Figure 3</xref>, research in Africa appears to be focused on clinics. The goal is therefore to perform the diagnosis which seems under diagnosed [<xref rid="CIT0008" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>; <xref rid="CIT0016" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>–<xref rid="CIT0017" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>]. Moreover, different disease-specific hotspots can be determined.</p><p>To discuss these results, I will focus on the distinction between progressive and self-limiting disorders. Self-limiting neurological disorders can be defined as presence of neurological dysfunction with permanent or regressive state but without progression of the neurological alterations. The search “Neurodegenerative disorders” without Africa focuses on progressive disorders with for example Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease or Parkinson's disease. In the case of the search on Africa, a self-limiting disease-specific hotspot is emerging. The main example is about cassavism and lathyrism [<xref rid="CIT0010" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>]. These diseases are caused by a high exposure to cassava roots for the first one and grass pea for the second one. Clinical features are not distinguishable between both diseases and consist in spastic paraparesis and crippling disability. This specific field of research on neurodegenerative disorders and Africa is described by a most prominent field of research in toxicology as well as the clinical neurology field (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F0003">Figure 3</xref>). In these cases, prevention is therefore possible. The patients are known to be the poorest section of the population [<xref rid="CIT0010" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>]. Education and fighting against illiteracy are necessary. Moreover, genetically modified crops could be used to avoid cassavism and lathyrism. Self-limiting neurological disorders are therefore an African specific hotspot.</p><p>Progressive disorders are also a main issue for Africa with also specific diseases. Three main examples of progressive disorders found in Africa and other continents can be developed: Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. The first one results in dopamine deficiency within the basal ganglia and leads to slowly progressive motor impairments. Management is possible but as the aetiology and pathogenesis are complex and not well understood, Parkinson's disease treatments are not fully sufficient [<xref rid="CIT0002" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>]. Concerning Alzheimer's disease, it is due to amyloid plaques leading to dementia. As the first one, the aetiology and pathogenesis remain unclear, therefore management of patient is very difficult [<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>]. For the third one, Huntington's disease, it is caused by a polyglutamine stretch in the gene Huntingtin. The clearly genetic abnormality results in the expression of less normal protein and the production of a mutant protein. Clinical features are chorea, motor and psychiatric impairments and it occurs as the age of 30-35 years old. It is a progressive disorder leading to death. There is no treatment [<xref rid="CIT0001" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]. For these examples of progressive neurological disorders, African countries propose the management of the patients [<xref rid="CIT0016" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>, <xref rid="CIT0017" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>]. It means that a structure is needed with physicians trained for diagnosis, predictive genetic testing in the case of some neurodegenerative disorders as Huntington's disease, and follow-up. South Africa is the main country involved in such action [<xref rid="CIT0018" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>]. That's why we found in our analysis that the main institutions and the main founding agencies were South African. Nevertheless, number of structures and physicians remain not sufficient. The World Health Organization notes that Africa has the lowest median number of neurological beds per 10 000 population and the lowest number of neurologists per 100000 population [<xref rid="CIT0019" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>]. Therefore, in the fight against progressive neurological disorders, collaboration and networks are needed. We didn't find for example a main network between African countries (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F0002">Figure 2</xref>). This last point is problematic as in the case of progressive disorders, some diseases appear to be endemic to Africa as Nodding syndrome [<xref rid="CIT0009" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>]. Patients are found in Uganda, Tanzania, Liberia and Sudan. Clinical signs consist in involuntary dropping of the head. Other signs as seizure are associated. No aetiology has been yet known. There is no treatment.</p><p>If a main African collaboration network is needed, international networks are also necessary. The USA and the UK, as well as France are present in both fields of research on self-limiting and progressive neurological disorders. But, we already present that neurodegenerative disorders are not, for instance, one of the main public health policies in Africa except for HIV-related progressive neurological disorders [<xref rid="CIT0010" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>, <xref rid="CIT0011" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>]. Millennium development goals were not focused on neurodegenerative disorders. HIV, malaria, tuberculosis are clearly mentioned and the policies on fighting these diseases were funded but progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson, Alzheimer and other diseases and self-limiting neurological disorders are not mentioned [<xref rid="CIT0020" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>].</p><p>The United Nations Sustainable Development Summit on 25 September 2015 proposed 17 sustainable development goals. The goal number 3 is entitled “Good health and well-being”. Therefore, neurodegenerative disorders are clearly involved in this topic, as a non-communicable disease. The African continent with a huge prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders [<xref rid="CIT0008" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>] could benefit from the experiences of networks on research, therapeutic trials, follow-up, structures, patients organization like associations, funding of other countries.</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusion" id="S0005"><title>Conclusion</title><p>In conclusion, neurodegenerative disorders are a main burning issue for the future of Africa. South Africa remains the leader in this field. Nevertheless, an increase of structures, physicians, collaborations is needed with a clear public health policy focused on neurodegeneration.</p><sec id="S20006"><title>What is known about this topic</title><p><list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>Neurodegenerative disorders are involved in mortality and morbidity of every country;</p></list-item><list-item><p>High prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders is estimated in Africa;</p></list-item><list-item><p>Both progressive and self-limiting neurodegenerative disorders are present in Africa.</p></list-item></list></p></sec><sec id="S20007"><title>What this study adds</title><p><list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>Neurodegenerative disorders research is leaded by South Africa with a network involving the USA, the UK, as well as African countries such Zambia;</p></list-item><list-item><p>The chief field that emerged was on patient and hereditary as well as treatment;</p></list-item><list-item><p>Public health policies were lacking fields in research.</p></list-item></list></p></sec></sec></body><back><sec id="S0008"><title>Competing interests</title><p>The authors declare no competing interests.</p></sec><sec id="S0009"><title>Authors’ contributions</title><p>All authors read and agreed to the final version of this manuscript and equally contributed to its content and to the management of the case.</p></sec><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="CIT0001"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Roos</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Huntington's disease: a clinical review</article-title><source>Journal of Rare Diseases.</source><year>2010</year><volume>5</volume><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>8</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0002"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kalia</surname><given-names>LV</given-names></name><name><surname>Lang</surname><given-names>AE</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Parkinson's disease</article-title><source>The Lancet.</source><year>2015</year><volume>386</volume><issue>9996</issue><fpage>896</fpage><lpage>912</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0003"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ballard</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Gauthier</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Corbett</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Brayne</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Aarsland</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Jones</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Alzheimer's disease</article-title><source>The Lancet.</source><year>2011</year><volume>377</volume><issue>9770</issue><fpage>1019</fpage><lpage>1031</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0004"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Przedborski</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Vila</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Jackson-Lewis</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Neurodegeneration: What is it and where are we?</article-title><source>Journal of Clinical Investigation.</source><year>2003</year><volume>111</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>10</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12511579</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0005"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Van der Burg</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Björkqvist</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Brundin</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Beyond the brain: widespread pathology in Huntington's disease</article-title><source>Lancet Neurology.</source><year>2009</year><volume>8</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>765</fpage><lpage>774</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19608102</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0006"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Von Campenhausen</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Bornschein</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Wick</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Bötzel</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Sampaio</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Poewe</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Oertel</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Siebert</surname><given-names>U</given-names></name><name><surname>Berger</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Dodel</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Prevalence and incidence of Parkinson's disease in Europe</article-title><source>Eur Neuropsychopahrmacol.</source><year>2005</year><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>473</fpage><lpage>490</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0007"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Andlin-Sobocki</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Jönsson</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Wittchen</surname><given-names>HU</given-names></name><name><surname>Olesen</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe</article-title><source>European Journal of Neurology.</source><year>2005</year><volume>12</volume><issue>Suppl 1</issue><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>27</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0008"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lekoubou</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Echouffo-Tcheugui</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Kengne</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Epidemiology of neurodegenerative diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review</article-title><source>BMC Public Health.</source><year>2014</year><volume>14</volume><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24383435</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0009"><label>9</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tumwine</surname><given-names>JK</given-names></name><name><surname>Vandemaele</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Chungong</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Richer</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Anker</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Ayana</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Opoka</surname><given-names>ML</given-names></name><name><surname>Klaucke</surname><given-names>DN</given-names></name><name><surname>Quarello</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Spencer</surname><given-names>PS</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of Nodding syndrome in Mundry county, southern Sudan</article-title><source>African Health Sciences.</source><year>2012</year><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>242</fpage><lpage>248</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23382736</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0010"><label>10</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ngudi</surname><given-names>DD</given-names></name><name><surname>Kuo</surname><given-names>YH</given-names></name><name><surname>Van Montagu</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Lambein</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Research on motor neuron diseases konzo and neurolathyrism: trends from 1990 to 20</article-title><source>PLoS Negl Trop Dis.</source><year>2012</year><volume>6</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>e1759</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22860149</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0011"><label>11</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Poreau</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Mapping Rwanda public health research (1975-2014)</article-title><source>Afr Health Sci.</source><year>2014</year><volume>14</volume><fpage>1078</fpage><lpage>1084</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25834521</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0012"><label>12</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Poreau</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Mapping South African public health research (1975-2014)</article-title><source>S Afr Med J.</source><year>2015</year><volume>105</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">27625081</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0013"><label>13</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Leydesdorff</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Rotolo</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Rafols</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Bibliometric perspectives on medical innovation using the Medical Subject Headings of PubMed</article-title><source>Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology.</source><year>2012</year><volume>63</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>2239</fpage><lpage>2253</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0014"><label>14</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Van Eck</surname><given-names>NJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Waltman</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping</article-title><source>Scientometrics.</source><year>2010</year><volume>84</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>523</fpage><lpage>538</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20585380</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0015"><label>15</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Leydesdorff</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Carley</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Rafols</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Global maps of science based on the new Web-of-Science Categories</article-title><source>Scientometrics.</source><year>2013</year><volume>94</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>589</fpage><lpage>593</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23335826</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0016"><label>16</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Aiyesimoju</surname><given-names>AB</given-names></name><name><surname>Osuntokun</surname><given-names>BO</given-names></name><name><surname>Bademosi</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Adeuja</surname><given-names>AO</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Hereditary neurodegenerative disorders in Nigerian Africans</article-title><source>Neurology.</source><year>1984</year><volume>34</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>361</fpage><lpage>362</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6230542</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0017"><label>17</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dotchin</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Walker</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The management of Parkinson's disease in sub-Saharan Africa</article-title><source>Expert review of neurotherapeutics.</source><year>2012</year><volume>12</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>661</fpage><lpage>666</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22650168</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0018"><label>18</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sizer</surname><given-names>EB</given-names></name><name><surname>Haw</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Wessels</surname><given-names>TM</given-names></name><name><surname>Kromberg</surname><given-names>JGR</given-names></name><name><surname>Krause</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The utilization and outcome of diagnostic, predictive and prenatal genetic testing for Huntington disease in Johannesburg, South Africa</article-title><source>Genetic Testing And Molecular Biomarkers.</source><year>2012</year><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21838519</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0019"><label>19</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><collab>WHO Atlas</collab><source>Country resources for Neurological Disorders</source><year>2004</year><publisher-loc>Geneva</publisher-loc><publisher-name>WHO</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="CIT0020"><label>20</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><collab>United Nations</collab><source>The Millennium Development Goals Report</source><year>2015</year><publisher-loc>New-York</publisher-loc><publisher-name>UN</publisher-name></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/ParkinsonFranceV1/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 0008680 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 0008680 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= ParkinsonFranceV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé=
|texte=
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.29. |  |