What is the Degree of Segregation between Striatonigral and Striatopallidal Projections?
Identifieur interne : 000722 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000721; suivant : 000723What is the Degree of Segregation between Striatonigral and Striatopallidal Projections?
Auteurs : Jesus Bertran-Gonzalez [France] ; Denis Hervé [France] ; Jean-Antoine Girault [France] ; Emmanuel Valjent [France]Source :
- Frontiers in Neuroanatomy [ 1662-5129 ] ; 2010.
Abstract
In contrast to most other brain regions, in the striatum the output neurons (the medium-sized spiny neurons, MSNs) are GABAergic and act by inhibiting their targets. The standard model of the basal ganglia is built on the segregation of information processing in the direct and indirect pathways, which act in opposing directions to control movement. The MSNs participating in these two pathways can be identified according to their projection sites and the proteins they express. The differential expression of two of the five known dopamine receptor subtypes, D1 and D2, in the two populations of MSNs is of particular importance, since it confers to dopamine the ability to exert opposite functional modulation on the direct and indirect pathways. However, beyond this simple view of the striatal output organization, anatomical studies questioned the segregation of direct and indirect projections to the SNr, while other studies disclosed variable degrees of overlapping expression of dopamine receptor subtypes in striatal MSNs. New ways to address these issues have emerged recently, using mouse models in which specific populations of striatal neurons are genetically tagged. Here, we review classical and recent studies supporting the segregation of striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons. We also consider this issue at a functional level by focusing on the regulation of striatal signaling pathways in the two populations of MSNs, which clearly emphasize their profound differences. We discuss the anatomical and functional evidence challenging some aspects of this segregation and outline questions that are still to be addressed.
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2010.00136
PubMed: 20953289
PubMed Central: 2955397
Affiliations:
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In contrast to most other brain regions, in the striatum the output neurons (the medium-sized spiny neurons, MSNs) are GABAergic and act by inhibiting their targets. The standard model of the basal ganglia is built on the segregation of information processing in the direct and indirect pathways, which act in opposing directions to control movement. The MSNs participating in these two pathways can be identified according to their projection sites and the proteins they express. The differential expression of two of the five known dopamine receptor subtypes, D1 and D2, in the two populations of MSNs is of particular importance, since it confers to dopamine the ability to exert opposite functional modulation on the direct and indirect pathways. However, beyond this simple view of the striatal output organization, anatomical studies questioned the segregation of direct and indirect projections to the SNr, while other studies disclosed variable degrees of overlapping expression of dopamine receptor subtypes in striatal MSNs. New ways to address these issues have emerged recently, using mouse models in which specific populations of striatal neurons are genetically tagged. Here, we review classical and recent studies supporting the segregation of striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons. We also consider this issue at a functional level by focusing on the regulation of striatal signaling pathways in the two populations of MSNs, which clearly emphasize their profound differences. We discuss the anatomical and functional evidence challenging some aspects of this segregation and outline questions that are still to be addressed.
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<pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Front Neuroanat</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Front. Neuroanat.</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Frontiers in Neuroanatomy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1662-5129</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Frontiers Research Foundation</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20953289</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2955397</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fnana.2010.00136</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Neuroscience</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Review Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>What is the Degree of Segregation between Striatonigral and Striatopallidal Projections?</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bertran-Gonzalez</surname>
<given-names>Jesus</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hervé</surname>
<given-names>Denis</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Girault</surname>
<given-names>Jean-Antoine</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Valjent</surname>
<given-names>Emmanuel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn001">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
<institution>UMR-S 839, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale</institution>
<country>Paris, France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
<institution>Université Pierre et Marie Curie</institution>
<country>Paris, France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
<institution>Institut du Fer à Moulin</institution>
<country>Paris, France</country>
</aff>
<author-notes><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by: Jose L. Lanciego, University of Navarra, Spain</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Reviewed by: Jose L. Lanciego, University of Navarra, Spain; Anton Reiner, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, USA</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="fn001">*Correspondence: Emmanuel Valjent, Department of Neurobiology, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, INSERM U661, CNRS UMR 5203, University Montpellier I and II, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier Cedex 05, France. e-mail: <email>emmanuel.valjent@gmail.com; emmanuel.valjent@igf.cnrs.fr</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epreprint"><day>16</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>4</volume>
<elocation-id>136</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>22</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2010</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>13</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2010</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2010 Bertran-Gonzalez, Hervé, Girault and Valjent.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2010</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://www.frontiersin.org/licenseagreement"><license-p>This is an open-access article subject to an exclusive license agreement between the authors and the Frontiers Research Foundation, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>In contrast to most other brain regions, in the striatum the output neurons (the medium-sized spiny neurons, MSNs) are GABAergic and act by inhibiting their targets. The standard model of the basal ganglia is built on the segregation of information processing in the direct and indirect pathways, which act in opposing directions to control movement. The MSNs participating in these two pathways can be identified according to their projection sites and the proteins they express. The differential expression of two of the five known dopamine receptor subtypes, D1 and D2, in the two populations of MSNs is of particular importance, since it confers to dopamine the ability to exert opposite functional modulation on the direct and indirect pathways. However, beyond this simple view of the striatal output organization, anatomical studies questioned the segregation of direct and indirect projections to the SNr, while other studies disclosed variable degrees of overlapping expression of dopamine receptor subtypes in striatal MSNs. New ways to address these issues have emerged recently, using mouse models in which specific populations of striatal neurons are genetically tagged. Here, we review classical and recent studies supporting the segregation of striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons. We also consider this issue at a functional level by focusing on the regulation of striatal signaling pathways in the two populations of MSNs, which clearly emphasize their profound differences. We discuss the anatomical and functional evidence challenging some aspects of this segregation and outline questions that are still to be addressed.
</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>striatum</kwd>
<kwd>medium-sized spiny neurons</kwd>
<kwd>dopamine receptors</kwd>
<kwd>signaling pathways</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts><fig-count count="1"></fig-count>
<table-count count="0"></table-count>
<equation-count count="0"></equation-count>
<ref-count count="107"></ref-count>
<page-count count="9"></page-count>
<word-count count="8909"></word-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>France</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bertran Gonzalez, Jesus" sort="Bertran Gonzalez, Jesus" uniqKey="Bertran Gonzalez J" first="Jesus" last="Bertran-Gonzalez">Jesus Bertran-Gonzalez</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Bertran Gonzalez, Jesus" sort="Bertran Gonzalez, Jesus" uniqKey="Bertran Gonzalez J" first="Jesus" last="Bertran-Gonzalez">Jesus Bertran-Gonzalez</name>
<name sortKey="Bertran Gonzalez, Jesus" sort="Bertran Gonzalez, Jesus" uniqKey="Bertran Gonzalez J" first="Jesus" last="Bertran-Gonzalez">Jesus Bertran-Gonzalez</name>
<name sortKey="Girault, Jean Antoine" sort="Girault, Jean Antoine" uniqKey="Girault J" first="Jean-Antoine" last="Girault">Jean-Antoine Girault</name>
<name sortKey="Girault, Jean Antoine" sort="Girault, Jean Antoine" uniqKey="Girault J" first="Jean-Antoine" last="Girault">Jean-Antoine Girault</name>
<name sortKey="Girault, Jean Antoine" sort="Girault, Jean Antoine" uniqKey="Girault J" first="Jean-Antoine" last="Girault">Jean-Antoine Girault</name>
<name sortKey="Herve, Denis" sort="Herve, Denis" uniqKey="Herve D" first="Denis" last="Hervé">Denis Hervé</name>
<name sortKey="Herve, Denis" sort="Herve, Denis" uniqKey="Herve D" first="Denis" last="Hervé">Denis Hervé</name>
<name sortKey="Herve, Denis" sort="Herve, Denis" uniqKey="Herve D" first="Denis" last="Hervé">Denis Hervé</name>
<name sortKey="Valjent, Emmanuel" sort="Valjent, Emmanuel" uniqKey="Valjent E" first="Emmanuel" last="Valjent">Emmanuel Valjent</name>
<name sortKey="Valjent, Emmanuel" sort="Valjent, Emmanuel" uniqKey="Valjent E" first="Emmanuel" last="Valjent">Emmanuel Valjent</name>
<name sortKey="Valjent, Emmanuel" sort="Valjent, Emmanuel" uniqKey="Valjent E" first="Emmanuel" last="Valjent">Emmanuel Valjent</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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