Assessment of α-Synuclein Secretion in Mouse and Human Brain Parenchyma
Identifieur interne : 000711 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000710; suivant : 000712Assessment of α-Synuclein Secretion in Mouse and Human Brain Parenchyma
Auteurs : Evangelia Emmanouilidou [Grèce] ; Dimitris Elenis [Grèce] ; Themis Papasilekas [Grèce] ; Georgios Stranjalis [Grèce] ; Kyriaki Gerozissis [France] ; Penelopi C. Ioannou [Grèce] ; Kostas Vekrellis [Grèce]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Genetic, biochemical, and animal model studies strongly suggest a central role for α-synuclein in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. α-synuclein lacks a signal peptide sequence and has thus been considered a cytosolic protein. Recent data has suggested that the protein may be released from cells via a non-classical secretory pathway and may therefore exert paracrine effects in the extracellular environment. However, proof that α-synuclein is actually secreted into the brain extracellular space in vivo has not been obtained. We developed a novel highly sensitive ELISA in conjugation with an in vivo microdialysis technique to measure α-synuclein in brain interstitial fluid. We show for the first time that α-synuclein is readily detected in the interstitial fluid of both α-synuclein transgenic mice and human patients with traumatic brain injury. Our data suggest that α-synuclein is physiologically secreted by neurons in vivo. This interstitial fluid pool of the protein may have a role in the propagation of synuclein pathology and progression of Parkinson's disease.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022225
PubMed: 21779395
PubMed Central: 3136497
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:3136497Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Assessment of α-Synuclein Secretion in Mouse and Human Brain Parenchyma</title><author><name sortKey="Emmanouilidou, Evangelia" sort="Emmanouilidou, Evangelia" uniqKey="Emmanouilidou E" first="Evangelia" last="Emmanouilidou">Evangelia Emmanouilidou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elenis, Dimitris" sort="Elenis, Dimitris" uniqKey="Elenis D" first="Dimitris" last="Elenis">Dimitris Elenis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papasilekas, Themis" sort="Papasilekas, Themis" uniqKey="Papasilekas T" first="Themis" last="Papasilekas">Themis Papasilekas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Neurosurgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital, University of Athens, Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stranjalis, Georgios" sort="Stranjalis, Georgios" uniqKey="Stranjalis G" first="Georgios" last="Stranjalis">Georgios Stranjalis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Neurosurgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital, University of Athens, Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gerozissis, Kyriaki" sort="Gerozissis, Kyriaki" uniqKey="Gerozissis K" first="Kyriaki" last="Gerozissis">Kyriaki Gerozissis</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>CNRS, Center of Neurosciences, Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CNRS, Center of Neurosciences, Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Orsay</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>University Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Orsay</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>INSERM, Orsay, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, Orsay</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Orsay</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ioannou, Penelopi C" sort="Ioannou, Penelopi C" uniqKey="Ioannou P" first="Penelopi C." last="Ioannou">Penelopi C. Ioannou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vekrellis, Kostas" sort="Vekrellis, Kostas" uniqKey="Vekrellis K" first="Kostas" last="Vekrellis">Kostas Vekrellis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">21779395</idno><idno type="pmc">3136497</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3136497</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3136497</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0022225</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000856</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000856</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000853</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000853</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000711</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000711</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Assessment of α-Synuclein Secretion in Mouse and Human Brain Parenchyma</title><author><name sortKey="Emmanouilidou, Evangelia" sort="Emmanouilidou, Evangelia" uniqKey="Emmanouilidou E" first="Evangelia" last="Emmanouilidou">Evangelia Emmanouilidou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elenis, Dimitris" sort="Elenis, Dimitris" uniqKey="Elenis D" first="Dimitris" last="Elenis">Dimitris Elenis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papasilekas, Themis" sort="Papasilekas, Themis" uniqKey="Papasilekas T" first="Themis" last="Papasilekas">Themis Papasilekas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Neurosurgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital, University of Athens, Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stranjalis, Georgios" sort="Stranjalis, Georgios" uniqKey="Stranjalis G" first="Georgios" last="Stranjalis">Georgios Stranjalis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Neurosurgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital, University of Athens, Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gerozissis, Kyriaki" sort="Gerozissis, Kyriaki" uniqKey="Gerozissis K" first="Kyriaki" last="Gerozissis">Kyriaki Gerozissis</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>CNRS, Center of Neurosciences, Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CNRS, Center of Neurosciences, Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Orsay</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>University Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Orsay</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>INSERM, Orsay, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, Orsay</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Orsay</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ioannou, Penelopi C" sort="Ioannou, Penelopi C" uniqKey="Ioannou P" first="Penelopi C." last="Ioannou">Penelopi C. Ioannou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vekrellis, Kostas" sort="Vekrellis, Kostas" uniqKey="Vekrellis K" first="Kostas" last="Vekrellis">Kostas Vekrellis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Genetic, biochemical, and animal model studies strongly suggest a central role for α-synuclein in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. α-synuclein lacks a signal peptide sequence and has thus been considered a cytosolic protein. Recent data has suggested that the protein may be released from cells via a non-classical secretory pathway and may therefore exert paracrine effects in the extracellular environment. However, proof that α-synuclein is actually secreted into the brain extracellular space in vivo has not been obtained. We developed a novel highly sensitive ELISA in conjugation with an in vivo microdialysis technique to measure α-synuclein in brain interstitial fluid. We show for the first time that α-synuclein is readily detected in the interstitial fluid of both α-synuclein transgenic mice and human patients with traumatic brain injury. Our data suggest that α-synuclein is physiologically secreted by neurons in vivo. This interstitial fluid pool of the protein may have a role in the propagation of synuclein pathology and progression of Parkinson's disease.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vekrellis, K" uniqKey="Vekrellis K">K Vekrellis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rideout, Hj" uniqKey="Rideout H">HJ Rideout</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stefanis, L" uniqKey="Stefanis L">L Stefanis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Spillantini, Mg" uniqKey="Spillantini M">MG Spillantini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Ml" uniqKey="Schmidt M">ML Schmidt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Vm" uniqKey="Lee V">VM Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Trojanowski, Jq" uniqKey="Trojanowski J">JQ Trojanowski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jakes, R" uniqKey="Jakes R">R Jakes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Singleton, Ab" uniqKey="Singleton A">AB Singleton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farrer, M" uniqKey="Farrer M">M Farrer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, J" uniqKey="Johnson J">J Johnson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Singleton, A" uniqKey="Singleton A">A Singleton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hague, S" uniqKey="Hague S">S Hague</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Polymeropoulos, Mh" uniqKey="Polymeropoulos M">MH Polymeropoulos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lavedan, C" uniqKey="Lavedan C">C Lavedan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leroy, E" uniqKey="Leroy E">E Leroy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ide, Se" uniqKey="Ide S">SE Ide</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dehejia, A" uniqKey="Dehejia A">A Dehejia</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kruger, R" uniqKey="Kruger R">R Kruger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kuhn, W" uniqKey="Kuhn W">W Kuhn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, T" uniqKey="Muller T">T Muller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Woitalla, D" uniqKey="Woitalla D">D Woitalla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Graeber, M" uniqKey="Graeber M">M Graeber</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Conway, Ka" uniqKey="Conway K">KA Conway</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Sj" uniqKey="Lee S">SJ Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rochet, Jc" uniqKey="Rochet J">JC Rochet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ding, Tt" uniqKey="Ding T">TT Ding</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williamson, Re" uniqKey="Williamson R">RE Williamson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Olanow, Cw" uniqKey="Olanow C">CW Olanow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perl, Dp" uniqKey="Perl D">DP Perl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Demartino, Gn" uniqKey="Demartino G">GN DeMartino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcnaught, Ks" uniqKey="Mcnaught K">KS McNaught</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="El Agnaf, Om" uniqKey="El Agnaf O">OM El-Agnaf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Salem, Sa" uniqKey="Salem S">SA Salem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paleologou, Ke" uniqKey="Paleologou K">KE Paleologou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Lj" uniqKey="Cooper L">LJ Cooper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fullwood, Nj" uniqKey="Fullwood N">NJ Fullwood</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tokuda, T" uniqKey="Tokuda T">T Tokuda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qureshi, Mm" uniqKey="Qureshi M">MM Qureshi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ardah, Mt" uniqKey="Ardah M">MT Ardah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Varghese, S" uniqKey="Varghese S">S Varghese</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shehab, Sa" uniqKey="Shehab S">SA Shehab</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Emmanouilidou, E" uniqKey="Emmanouilidou E">E Emmanouilidou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Melachroinou, K" uniqKey="Melachroinou K">K Melachroinou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roumeliotis, T" uniqKey="Roumeliotis T">T Roumeliotis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garbis, Sd" uniqKey="Garbis S">SD Garbis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ntzouni, M" uniqKey="Ntzouni M">M Ntzouni</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sung, Jy" uniqKey="Sung J">JY Sung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Sm" uniqKey="Park S">SM Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Ch" uniqKey="Lee C">CH Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Um, Jw" uniqKey="Um J">JW Um</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Hj" uniqKey="Lee H">HJ Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Desplats, P" uniqKey="Desplats P">P Desplats</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Hj" uniqKey="Lee H">HJ Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bae, Ej" uniqKey="Bae E">EJ Bae</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patrick, C" uniqKey="Patrick C">C Patrick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rockenstein, E" uniqKey="Rockenstein E">E Rockenstein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kordower, Jh" uniqKey="Kordower J">JH Kordower</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Y" uniqKey="Chu Y">Y Chu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hauser, Ra" uniqKey="Hauser R">RA Hauser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olanow, Cw" uniqKey="Olanow C">CW Olanow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Freeman, Tb" uniqKey="Freeman T">TB Freeman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, Jy" uniqKey="Li J">JY Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Englund, E" uniqKey="Englund E">E Englund</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holton, Jl" uniqKey="Holton J">JL Holton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soulet, D" uniqKey="Soulet D">D Soulet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hagell, P" uniqKey="Hagell P">P Hagell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hansen, C" uniqKey="Hansen C">C Hansen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Angot, E" uniqKey="Angot E">E Angot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bergstrom, Al" uniqKey="Bergstrom A">AL Bergstrom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Steiner, Ja" uniqKey="Steiner J">JA Steiner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pieri, L" uniqKey="Pieri L">L Pieri</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Danzer, Km" uniqKey="Danzer K">KM Danzer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ruf, Wp" uniqKey="Ruf W">WP Ruf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Putcha, P" uniqKey="Putcha P">P Putcha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joyner, D" uniqKey="Joyner D">D Joyner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hashimoto, T" uniqKey="Hashimoto T">T Hashimoto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Giasson, Bi" uniqKey="Giasson B">BI Giasson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Duda, Je" uniqKey="Duda J">JE Duda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quinn, Sm" uniqKey="Quinn S">SM Quinn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, B" uniqKey="Zhang B">B Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Trojanowski, Jq" uniqKey="Trojanowski J">JQ Trojanowski</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Specht, Cg" uniqKey="Specht C">CG Specht</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schoepfer, R" uniqKey="Schoepfer R">R Schoepfer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cirrito, Jr" uniqKey="Cirrito J">JR Cirrito</name></author><author><name sortKey="May, Pc" uniqKey="May P">PC May</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Dell, Ma" uniqKey="O Dell M">MA O'Dell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Jw" uniqKey="Taylor J">JW Taylor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parsadanian, M" uniqKey="Parsadanian M">M Parsadanian</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perrin, Rj" uniqKey="Perrin R">RJ Perrin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Payton, Je" uniqKey="Payton J">JE Payton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barnett, Dh" uniqKey="Barnett D">DH Barnett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wraight, Cl" uniqKey="Wraight C">CL Wraight</name></author><author><name sortKey="Woods, Ws" uniqKey="Woods W">WS Woods</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sotiriou, E" uniqKey="Sotiriou E">E Sotiriou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vassilatis, Dk" uniqKey="Vassilatis D">DK Vassilatis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vila, M" uniqKey="Vila M">M Vila</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stefanis, L" uniqKey="Stefanis L">L Stefanis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="El Agnaf, Om" uniqKey="El Agnaf O">OM El-Agnaf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Salem, Sa" uniqKey="Salem S">SA Salem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paleologou, Ke" uniqKey="Paleologou K">KE Paleologou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Curran, Md" uniqKey="Curran M">MD Curran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gibson, Mj" uniqKey="Gibson M">MJ Gibson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, Hj" uniqKey="Lee H">HJ Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patel, S" uniqKey="Patel S">S Patel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Sj" uniqKey="Lee S">SJ Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reiber, H" uniqKey="Reiber H">H Reiber</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barbour, R" uniqKey="Barbour R">R Barbour</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kling, K" uniqKey="Kling K">K Kling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Jp" uniqKey="Anderson J">JP Anderson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Banducci, K" uniqKey="Banducci K">K Banducci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cole, T" uniqKey="Cole T">T Cole</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gerozissis, K" uniqKey="Gerozissis K">K Gerozissis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Orosco, M" uniqKey="Orosco M">M Orosco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rouch, C" uniqKey="Rouch C">C Rouch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nicolaidis, S" uniqKey="Nicolaidis S">S Nicolaidis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Woods, Sc" uniqKey="Woods S">SC Woods</name></author><author><name sortKey="Porte D" uniqKey="Porte D">Porte D</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hutchinson, Pj" uniqKey="Hutchinson P">PJ Hutchinson</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Connell, Mt" uniqKey="O Connell M">MT O'Connell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Rawi, Pg" uniqKey="Al Rawi P">PG Al-Rawi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maskell, Lb" uniqKey="Maskell L">LB Maskell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kett White, R" uniqKey="Kett White R">R Kett-White</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Winter, Cd" uniqKey="Winter C">CD Winter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Iannotti, F" uniqKey="Iannotti F">F Iannotti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pringle, Ak" uniqKey="Pringle A">AK Pringle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Trikkas, C" uniqKey="Trikkas C">C Trikkas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clough, Gf" uniqKey="Clough G">GF Clough</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marklund, N" uniqKey="Marklund N">N Marklund</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blennow, K" uniqKey="Blennow K">K Blennow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zetterberg, H" uniqKey="Zetterberg H">H Zetterberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ronne Engstrom, E" uniqKey="Ronne Engstrom E">E Ronne-Engstrom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Enblad, P" uniqKey="Enblad P">P Enblad</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brody, Dl" uniqKey="Brody D">DL Brody</name></author><author><name sortKey="Magnoni, S" uniqKey="Magnoni S">S Magnoni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schwetye, Ke" uniqKey="Schwetye K">KE Schwetye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spinner, Ml" uniqKey="Spinner M">ML Spinner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Esparza, Tj" uniqKey="Esparza T">TJ Esparza</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kang, Je" uniqKey="Kang J">JE Kang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, Mm" uniqKey="Lim M">MM Lim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bateman, Rj" uniqKey="Bateman R">RJ Bateman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jj" uniqKey="Lee J">JJ Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smyth, Lp" uniqKey="Smyth L">LP Smyth</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mollenhauer, B" uniqKey="Mollenhauer B">B Mollenhauer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cullen, V" uniqKey="Cullen V">V Cullen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kahn, I" uniqKey="Kahn I">I Kahn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krastins, B" uniqKey="Krastins B">B Krastins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Outeiro, Tf" uniqKey="Outeiro T">TF Outeiro</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tokuda, T" uniqKey="Tokuda T">T Tokuda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Salem, Sa" uniqKey="Salem S">SA Salem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Allsop, D" uniqKey="Allsop D">D Allsop</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mizuno, T" uniqKey="Mizuno T">T Mizuno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakagawa, M" uniqKey="Nakagawa M">M Nakagawa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ohrfelt, A" uniqKey="Ohrfelt A">A Ohrfelt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grognet, P" uniqKey="Grognet P">P Grognet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andreasen, N" uniqKey="Andreasen N">N Andreasen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wallin, A" uniqKey="Wallin A">A Wallin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanmechelen, E" uniqKey="Vanmechelen E">E Vanmechelen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moussa, Ce" uniqKey="Moussa C">CE Moussa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wersinger, C" uniqKey="Wersinger C">C Wersinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rusnak, M" uniqKey="Rusnak M">M Rusnak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tomita, Y" uniqKey="Tomita Y">Y Tomita</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sidhu, A" uniqKey="Sidhu A">A Sidhu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, Td" uniqKey="Kim T">TD Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paik, Sr" uniqKey="Paik S">SR Paik</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Ch" uniqKey="Yang C">CH Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, J" uniqKey="Kim J">J Kim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roodveldt, C" uniqKey="Roodveldt C">C Roodveldt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Labrador Garrido, A" uniqKey="Labrador Garrido A">A Labrador-Garrido</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Rey, E" uniqKey="Gonzalez Rey E">E Gonzalez-Rey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez Montesinos, R" uniqKey="Fernandez Montesinos R">R Fernandez-Montesinos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Caro, M" uniqKey="Caro M">M Caro</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chaurasia, Cs" uniqKey="Chaurasia C">CS Chaurasia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, M" uniqKey="Muller M">M Muller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bashaw, Ed" uniqKey="Bashaw E">ED Bashaw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benfeldt, E" uniqKey="Benfeldt E">E Benfeldt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bolinder, J" uniqKey="Bolinder J">J Bolinder</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dykstra, Kh" uniqKey="Dykstra K">KH Dykstra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hsiao, Jk" uniqKey="Hsiao J">JK Hsiao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morrison, Pf" uniqKey="Morrison P">PF Morrison</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bungay, Pm" uniqKey="Bungay P">PM Bungay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mefford, In" uniqKey="Mefford I">IN Mefford</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bian, Gl" uniqKey="Bian G">GL Bian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wei, Lc" uniqKey="Wei L">LC Wei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, M" uniqKey="Shi M">M Shi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yq" uniqKey="Wang Y">YQ Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, R" uniqKey="Cao R">R Cao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schmued, Lc" uniqKey="Schmued L">LC Schmued</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stowers, Cc" uniqKey="Stowers C">CC Stowers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scallet, Ac" uniqKey="Scallet A">AC Scallet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, L" uniqKey="Xu L">L Xu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hillman, J" uniqKey="Hillman J">J Hillman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Milos, P" uniqKey="Milos P">P Milos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Zq" uniqKey="Yu Z">ZQ Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sjogren, F" uniqKey="Sjogren F">F Sjogren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, C" uniqKey="Anderson C">C Anderson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Winter, Cd" uniqKey="Winter C">CD Winter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pringle, Ak" uniqKey="Pringle A">AK Pringle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clough, Gf" uniqKey="Clough G">GF Clough</name></author><author><name sortKey="Church, Mk" uniqKey="Church M">MK Church</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ronne Engstrom, E" uniqKey="Ronne Engstrom E">E Ronne Engstrom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hillered, L" uniqKey="Hillered L">L Hillered</name></author><author><name sortKey="Flink, R" uniqKey="Flink R">R Flink</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kihlstrom, L" uniqKey="Kihlstrom L">L Kihlstrom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lindquist, C" uniqKey="Lindquist C">C Lindquist</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lindberger, M" uniqKey="Lindberger M">M Lindberger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tomson, T" uniqKey="Tomson T">T Tomson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wallstedt, L" uniqKey="Wallstedt L">L Wallstedt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stahle, L" uniqKey="Stahle L">L Stahle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Su, X" uniqKey="Su X">X Su</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maguire Zeiss, Ka" uniqKey="Maguire Zeiss K">KA Maguire-Zeiss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giuliano, R" uniqKey="Giuliano R">R Giuliano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Prifti, L" uniqKey="Prifti L">L Prifti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Venkatesh, K" uniqKey="Venkatesh K">K Venkatesh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Braak, H" uniqKey="Braak H">H Braak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Del Tredici, K" uniqKey="Del Tredici K">K Del Tredici</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rub, U" uniqKey="Rub U">U Rub</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Vos, Ra" uniqKey="De Vos R">RA de Vos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jansen Steur, En" uniqKey="Jansen Steur E">EN Jansen Steur</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21779395</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3136497</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-11-02164</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0022225</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subj-group><subject>Proteins</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Neuroscience</subject><subj-group><subject>Neurophysiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Central Nervous System</subject><subject>Homeostatic Mechanisms</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Neural Homeostasis</subject><subject>Neurobiology of Disease and Regeneration</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Neurology</subject><subj-group><subject>Parkinson Disease</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Assessment of α-Synuclein Secretion in Mouse and Human Brain Parenchyma</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">In Vivo Secretion of α-Synuclein</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Emmanouilidou</surname><given-names>Evangelia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Elenis</surname><given-names>Dimitris</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Papasilekas</surname><given-names>Themis</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stranjalis</surname><given-names>Georgios</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gerozissis</surname><given-names>Kyriaki</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ioannou</surname><given-names>Penelopi C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vekrellis</surname><given-names>Kostas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><addr-line>Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><addr-line>Department of Neurosurgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><addr-line>CNRS, Center of Neurosciences, Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label><addr-line>University Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label><addr-line>INSERM, Orsay, France</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Cookson</surname><given-names>Mark R.</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1">National Institutes of Health, United States of America</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>vekrellis@bioacademy.gr</email></corresp><fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: EE KV. Performed the experiments: EE DE TP. Analyzed the data: EE DE PCI KG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EE KV TP PCI GS. Wrote the paper: EE KV. Proofread the manuscript: PCI KG.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>7</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>7</issue><elocation-id>e22225</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>27</day><month>1</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>19</day><month>6</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Emmanouilidou et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><p>Genetic, biochemical, and animal model studies strongly suggest a central role for α-synuclein in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. α-synuclein lacks a signal peptide sequence and has thus been considered a cytosolic protein. Recent data has suggested that the protein may be released from cells via a non-classical secretory pathway and may therefore exert paracrine effects in the extracellular environment. However, proof that α-synuclein is actually secreted into the brain extracellular space in vivo has not been obtained. We developed a novel highly sensitive ELISA in conjugation with an in vivo microdialysis technique to measure α-synuclein in brain interstitial fluid. We show for the first time that α-synuclein is readily detected in the interstitial fluid of both α-synuclein transgenic mice and human patients with traumatic brain injury. Our data suggest that α-synuclein is physiologically secreted by neurons in vivo. This interstitial fluid pool of the protein may have a role in the propagation of synuclein pathology and progression of Parkinson's disease.</p></abstract><counts><page-count count="9"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>France</li><li>Grèce</li></country><settlement><li>Orsay</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Grèce"><noRegion><name sortKey="Emmanouilidou, Evangelia" sort="Emmanouilidou, Evangelia" uniqKey="Emmanouilidou E" first="Evangelia" last="Emmanouilidou">Evangelia Emmanouilidou</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Elenis, Dimitris" sort="Elenis, Dimitris" uniqKey="Elenis D" first="Dimitris" last="Elenis">Dimitris Elenis</name><name sortKey="Ioannou, Penelopi C" sort="Ioannou, Penelopi C" uniqKey="Ioannou P" first="Penelopi C." last="Ioannou">Penelopi C. Ioannou</name><name sortKey="Papasilekas, Themis" sort="Papasilekas, Themis" uniqKey="Papasilekas T" first="Themis" last="Papasilekas">Themis Papasilekas</name><name sortKey="Stranjalis, Georgios" sort="Stranjalis, Georgios" uniqKey="Stranjalis G" first="Georgios" last="Stranjalis">Georgios Stranjalis</name><name sortKey="Vekrellis, Kostas" sort="Vekrellis, Kostas" uniqKey="Vekrellis K" first="Kostas" last="Vekrellis">Kostas Vekrellis</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gerozissis, Kyriaki" sort="Gerozissis, Kyriaki" uniqKey="Gerozissis K" first="Kyriaki" last="Gerozissis">Kyriaki Gerozissis</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Gerozissis, Kyriaki" sort="Gerozissis, Kyriaki" uniqKey="Gerozissis K" first="Kyriaki" last="Gerozissis">Kyriaki Gerozissis</name><name sortKey="Gerozissis, Kyriaki" sort="Gerozissis, Kyriaki" uniqKey="Gerozissis K" first="Kyriaki" last="Gerozissis">Kyriaki Gerozissis</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/ParkinsonFranceV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000711 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000711 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= ParkinsonFranceV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:3136497
|texte= Assessment of α-Synuclein Secretion in Mouse and Human Brain Parenchyma
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:21779395" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a ParkinsonFranceV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.29. |  |