Loss of Environmental Enrichment Increases Vulnerability to Cocaine Addiction
Identifieur interne : 000596 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000595; suivant : 000597Loss of Environmental Enrichment Increases Vulnerability to Cocaine Addiction
Auteurs : Joëlle Nader [France] ; Chauvet Claudia [France] ; Rana El Rawas [France] ; Laure Favot [France] ; Mohamed Jaber [France] ; Nathalie Thiriet [France] ; Marcello Solinas [France]Source :
- Neuropsychopharmacology [ 0893-133X ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Life experiences, especially during critical periods of maturation, such as adolescence, can dramatically affect vulnerability to diseases at adulthood. Early exposure to positive environmental conditions such as environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to reduce the occurrence and the intensity of neurological and psychiatric disorders including drug addiction. However, whether or not exposure to EE during early stages of life would protect from addiction when, at adulthood, individuals may find themselves in non-enriched conditions has not been investigated. Here we show that switching mice from EE to non-enriched standard environments not only results in the loss of the preventive effects of EE but also increases the rewarding effects of cocaine. This enhanced vulnerability is associated with emotional distress and with increased levels in the mRNA levels of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), as well as with increases in CREB phosphorylation in the BNST and in the shell of the nucleus accumbens. The increased sensitivity to the rewarding effects of cocaine is completely blocked by the CRF antagonist antalarmin, confirming a major role of the CRF system in the negative consequences of this environmental switch. These results indicate that positive life conditions during early stages of life, if they are not maintained at adulthood, may have negative emotional consequences and increase the risks to develop drug addiction.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.2
PubMed: 22334125
PubMed Central: 3358749
Affiliations:
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Life experiences, especially during critical periods of maturation, such as adolescence, can dramatically affect vulnerability to diseases at adulthood. Early exposure to positive environmental conditions such as environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to reduce the occurrence and the intensity of neurological and psychiatric disorders including drug addiction. However, whether or not exposure to EE during early stages of life would protect from addiction when, at adulthood, individuals may find themselves in non-enriched conditions has not been investigated. Here we show that switching mice from EE to non-enriched standard environments not only results in the loss of the preventive effects of EE but also increases the rewarding effects of cocaine. This enhanced vulnerability is associated with emotional distress and with increased levels in the mRNA levels of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), as well as with increases in CREB phosphorylation in the BNST and in the shell of the nucleus accumbens. The increased sensitivity to the rewarding effects of cocaine is completely blocked by the CRF antagonist antalarmin, confirming a major role of the CRF system in the negative consequences of this environmental switch. These results indicate that positive life conditions during early stages of life, if they are not maintained at adulthood, may have negative emotional consequences and increase the risks to develop drug addiction.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Neuropsychopharmacology</journal-id>
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<issn pub-type="epub">1740-634X</issn>
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<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/npp.2012.2</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Loss of Environmental Enrichment Increases Vulnerability to Cocaine Addiction</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running">Enrichment deprivation and cocaine reward</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nader</surname>
<given-names>Joëlle</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="note1"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Claudia</surname>
<given-names>Chauvet</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="note1"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rawas</surname>
<given-names>Rana El</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="note1"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Favot</surname>
<given-names>Laure</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jaber</surname>
<given-names>Mohamed</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thiriet</surname>
<given-names>Nathalie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="note2"><sup>6</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="caf1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Solinas</surname>
<given-names>Marcello</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="note2"><sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
<institution>INSERM U-1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Neurobiology and Neuropharmacology Addiction Group</institution>
, Poitiers,<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>
<institution>Institut de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires, CNRS</institution>
, Poitiers,<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>
<institution>University of Poitiers, 1 Rue Georges Bonnet</institution>
, Poitiers,<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>
<institution>Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines</institution>
, Poitiers,<country>France</country>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="caf1"><label>*</label>
<institution>INSERM U-1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Neurobiology and Neuropharmacology Addiction Group, Université de Poitiers</institution>
, 1 Rue George Bonnet, 86022, Poitiers, <country>France</country>
, Tel: 33 5 49 36 62 09, Fax: 33 5 49 45 40 14, E-mail: <email>nathalie.thiriet@univ-poitiers.fr</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="present-address" id="note1"><label>5</label>
<p>These authors contributed equally to the work.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="present-address" id="note2"><label>6</label>
<p>These authors contributed equally to the work.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>06</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>1579</fpage>
<lpage>1587</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>07</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>11</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>29</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>American College of Neuropsychopharmacology</copyright-holder>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Life experiences, especially during critical periods of maturation, such as adolescence, can dramatically affect vulnerability to diseases at adulthood. Early exposure to positive environmental conditions such as environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to reduce the occurrence and the intensity of neurological and psychiatric disorders including drug addiction. However, whether or not exposure to EE during early stages of life would protect from addiction when, at adulthood, individuals may find themselves in non-enriched conditions has not been investigated. Here we show that switching mice from EE to non-enriched standard environments not only results in the loss of the preventive effects of EE but also increases the rewarding effects of cocaine. This enhanced vulnerability is associated with emotional distress and with increased levels in the mRNA levels of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), as well as with increases in CREB phosphorylation in the BNST and in the shell of the nucleus accumbens. The increased sensitivity to the rewarding effects of cocaine is completely blocked by the CRF antagonist antalarmin, confirming a major role of the CRF system in the negative consequences of this environmental switch. These results indicate that positive life conditions during early stages of life, if they are not maintained at adulthood, may have negative emotional consequences and increase the risks to develop drug addiction.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>addiction</kwd>
<kwd>emotion</kwd>
<kwd>adolescence</kwd>
<kwd>vulnerability factors</kwd>
<kwd>life experience</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-keywords"><kwd>addiction & substance abuse</kwd>
<kwd>biological psychiatry</kwd>
<kwd>mood / anxiety / stress disorders</kwd>
<kwd>plasticity</kwd>
<kwd>environmental enrichment</kwd>
<kwd>extendend amygdale</kwd>
<kwd>life experience</kwd>
<kwd>vulnerability factors</kwd>
<kwd>adolescence</kwd>
<kwd>emotion</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>France</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Nader, Joelle" sort="Nader, Joelle" uniqKey="Nader J" first="Joëlle" last="Nader">Joëlle Nader</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Claudia, Chauvet" sort="Claudia, Chauvet" uniqKey="Claudia C" first="Chauvet" last="Claudia">Chauvet Claudia</name>
<name sortKey="Claudia, Chauvet" sort="Claudia, Chauvet" uniqKey="Claudia C" first="Chauvet" last="Claudia">Chauvet Claudia</name>
<name sortKey="Favot, Laure" sort="Favot, Laure" uniqKey="Favot L" first="Laure" last="Favot">Laure Favot</name>
<name sortKey="Favot, Laure" sort="Favot, Laure" uniqKey="Favot L" first="Laure" last="Favot">Laure Favot</name>
<name sortKey="Jaber, Mohamed" sort="Jaber, Mohamed" uniqKey="Jaber M" first="Mohamed" last="Jaber">Mohamed Jaber</name>
<name sortKey="Jaber, Mohamed" sort="Jaber, Mohamed" uniqKey="Jaber M" first="Mohamed" last="Jaber">Mohamed Jaber</name>
<name sortKey="Jaber, Mohamed" sort="Jaber, Mohamed" uniqKey="Jaber M" first="Mohamed" last="Jaber">Mohamed Jaber</name>
<name sortKey="Nader, Joelle" sort="Nader, Joelle" uniqKey="Nader J" first="Joëlle" last="Nader">Joëlle Nader</name>
<name sortKey="Nader, Joelle" sort="Nader, Joelle" uniqKey="Nader J" first="Joëlle" last="Nader">Joëlle Nader</name>
<name sortKey="Rawas, Rana El" sort="Rawas, Rana El" uniqKey="Rawas R" first="Rana El" last="Rawas">Rana El Rawas</name>
<name sortKey="Rawas, Rana El" sort="Rawas, Rana El" uniqKey="Rawas R" first="Rana El" last="Rawas">Rana El Rawas</name>
<name sortKey="Solinas, Marcello" sort="Solinas, Marcello" uniqKey="Solinas M" first="Marcello" last="Solinas">Marcello Solinas</name>
<name sortKey="Solinas, Marcello" sort="Solinas, Marcello" uniqKey="Solinas M" first="Marcello" last="Solinas">Marcello Solinas</name>
<name sortKey="Solinas, Marcello" sort="Solinas, Marcello" uniqKey="Solinas M" first="Marcello" last="Solinas">Marcello Solinas</name>
<name sortKey="Thiriet, Nathalie" sort="Thiriet, Nathalie" uniqKey="Thiriet N" first="Nathalie" last="Thiriet">Nathalie Thiriet</name>
<name sortKey="Thiriet, Nathalie" sort="Thiriet, Nathalie" uniqKey="Thiriet N" first="Nathalie" last="Thiriet">Nathalie Thiriet</name>
<name sortKey="Thiriet, Nathalie" sort="Thiriet, Nathalie" uniqKey="Thiriet N" first="Nathalie" last="Thiriet">Nathalie Thiriet</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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