Depression rating scales in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations
Identifieur interne : 002727 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 002726; suivant : 002728Depression rating scales in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations
Auteurs : Anette Schrag [Royaume-Uni] ; Paolo Barone [Italie] ; Richard G. Brown [Royaume-Uni] ; Albert F. G. Leentjens [Pays-Bas] ; William M. Mcdonald [États-Unis] ; Sergio Starkstein [Australie] ; Daniel Weintraub [États-Unis] ; Werner Poewe [Autriche] ; Olivier Rascol [France] ; Cristina Sampaio [Portugal] ; Glenn T. Stebbins [États-Unis] ; Christopher G. Goetz [États-Unis]Source :
- Movement Disorders [ 0885-3185 ] ; 2007-06-15.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Wicri :
- topic : Recommandation.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Depression is a common comorbid condition in Parkinson's disease (PD) and a major contributor to poor quality of life and disability. However, depression can be difficult to assess in patients with PD due to overlapping symptoms and difficulties in the assessment of depression in cognitively impaired patients. As several rating scales have been used to assess depression in PD (dPD), the Movement Disorder Society commissioned a task force to assess their clinimetric properties and make clinical recommendations regarding their use. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the use of depression scales in PD and determine which scales should be selected for this review. The scales reviewed were the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Scale (Ham‐D), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part I, Cornell Scale for the Assessment of Depression in Dementia (CSDD), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D). Seven clinical researchers with clinical and research experience in the assessment of dPD were assigned to review the scales using a structured format. The most appropriate scale is dependent on the clinical or research goal. However, observer‐rated scales are preferred if the study or clinical situation permits. For screening purposes, the HAM‐D, BDI, HADS, MADRS, and GDS are valid in dPD. The CES‐D and CSDD are alternative instruments that need validation in dPD. For measurement of severity of depressive symptoms, the Ham‐D, MADRS, BDI, and SDS scales are recommended. Further studies are needed to validate the CSDD, which could be particularly useful for the assessment of severity of dPD in patients with comorbid dementia. To account for overlapping motor and nonmotor symptoms of depression, adjusted instrument cutoff scores may be needed for dPD, and scales to assess severity of motor symptoms (e.g., UPDRS) should also be included to help adjust for confounding factors. The HADS and the GDS include limited motor symptom assessment and may, therefore, be most useful in rating depression severity across a range of PD severity; however, these scales appear insensitive in severe depression. The complex and time‐consuming task of developing a new scale to measure depression specifically for patients with PD is currently not warranted. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Url:
- https://api.istex.fr/document/E10BA9A996EAA2019D3CAC78E33B7FE57DA9CEA7/fulltext/pdf
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2040268
DOI: 10.1002/mds.21333
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Depression is a common comorbid condition in Parkinson's disease (PD) and a major contributor to poor quality of life and disability. However, depression can be difficult to assess in patients with PD due to overlapping symptoms and difficulties in the assessment of depression in cognitively impaired patients. As several rating scales have been used to assess depression in PD (dPD), the Movement Disorder Society commissioned a task force to assess their clinimetric properties and make clinical recommendations regarding their use. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the use of depression scales in PD and determine which scales should be selected for this review. The scales reviewed were the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Scale (Ham‐D), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part I, Cornell Scale for the Assessment of Depression in Dementia (CSDD), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D). Seven clinical researchers with clinical and research experience in the assessment of dPD were assigned to review the scales using a structured format. The most appropriate scale is dependent on the clinical or research goal. However, observer‐rated scales are preferred if the study or clinical situation permits. For screening purposes, the HAM‐D, BDI, HADS, MADRS, and GDS are valid in dPD. The CES‐D and CSDD are alternative instruments that need validation in dPD. For measurement of severity of depressive symptoms, the Ham‐D, MADRS, BDI, and SDS scales are recommended. Further studies are needed to validate the CSDD, which could be particularly useful for the assessment of severity of dPD in patients with comorbid dementia. To account for overlapping motor and nonmotor symptoms of depression, adjusted instrument cutoff scores may be needed for dPD, and scales to assess severity of motor symptoms (e.g., UPDRS) should also be included to help adjust for confounding factors. The HADS and the GDS include limited motor symptom assessment and may, therefore, be most useful in rating depression severity across a range of PD severity; however, these scales appear insensitive in severe depression. The complex and time‐consuming task of developing a new scale to measure depression specifically for patients with PD is currently not warranted. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society</div>
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<author><name sortKey="Rascol, Olivier" sort="Rascol, Olivier" uniqKey="Rascol O" first="Olivier" last="Rascol">Olivier Rascol</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Medicale et Clinique</s1>
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<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Midi-Pyrénées</region>
<settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sampaio, Cristina" sort="Sampaio, Cristina" uniqKey="Sampaio C" first="Cristina" last="Sampaio">Cristina Sampaio</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Lisbon School of Medicine</s1>
<s2>Lisbon</s2>
<s3>PRT</s3>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Portugal</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stebbins, Glenn T" sort="Stebbins, Glenn T" uniqKey="Stebbins G" first="Glenn T." last="Stebbins">Glenn T. Stebbins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Department of Neurological Services, Rush University Medical Center</s1>
<s2>Chicago, Illinois</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goetz, Christopher G" sort="Goetz, Christopher G" uniqKey="Goetz C" first="Christopher G." last="Goetz">Christopher G. Goetz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Department of Neurological Services, Rush University Medical Center</s1>
<s2>Chicago, Illinois</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno>
<idno type="inist">07-0349110</idno>
<date when="2007">2007</date>
<idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 07-0349110 INIST</idno>
<idno type="RBID">Pascal:07-0349110</idno>
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<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0885-3185:2007:Schrag A:depression:rating:scales</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002B14</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Depression rating scales in Parkinson's disease : Critique and recommendations</title>
<author><name sortKey="Schrag, Anette" sort="Schrag, Anette" uniqKey="Schrag A" first="Anette" last="Schrag">Anette Schrag</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>University Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School</s1>
<s2>London NW3 2PF</s2>
<s3>GBR</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:noRegion>London NW3 2PF</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barone, Paolo" sort="Barone, Paolo" uniqKey="Barone P" first="Paolo" last="Barone">Paolo Barone</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II</s1>
<s2>Naples</s2>
<s3>ITA</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Italie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Naples</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brown, Richard G" sort="Brown, Richard G" uniqKey="Brown R" first="Richard G." last="Brown">Richard G. Brown</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>King's College London, MRC Neurodegeneration Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology</s1>
<s2>London</s2>
<s3>GBR</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leentjens, Albert F G" sort="Leentjens, Albert F G" uniqKey="Leentjens A" first="Albert F. G." last="Leentjens">Albert F. G. Leentjens</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University Hospital</s1>
<s2>Maastricht</s2>
<s3>NLD</s3>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Maastricht</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, William M" sort="Mcdonald, William M" uniqKey="Mcdonald W" first="William M." last="Mcdonald">William M. Mcdonald</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine</s1>
<s2>Atlanta, Georgia</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Starkstein, Sergio" sort="Starkstein, Sergio" uniqKey="Starkstein S" first="Sergio" last="Starkstein">Sergio Starkstein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>School of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia and Fremantle Hospital</s1>
<s2>Fremantle</s2>
<s3>AUS</s3>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Australie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Fremantle</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weintraub, Daniel" sort="Weintraub, Daniel" uniqKey="Weintraub D" first="Daniel" last="Weintraub">Daniel Weintraub</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia</s1>
<s2>Pennsylvania</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poewe, Werner" sort="Poewe, Werner" uniqKey="Poewe W" first="Werner" last="Poewe">Werner Poewe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Department of Neurology, University Hospital</s1>
<s2>Innsbruck</s2>
<s3>AUT</s3>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Autriche</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Innsbruck</wicri:noRegion>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Innsbruck</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Tyrol (Land)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de médecine d'Innsbruck</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rascol, Olivier" sort="Rascol, Olivier" uniqKey="Rascol O" first="Olivier" last="Rascol">Olivier Rascol</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Medicale et Clinique</s1>
<s2>Toulouse</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Midi-Pyrénées</region>
<settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sampaio, Cristina" sort="Sampaio, Cristina" uniqKey="Sampaio C" first="Cristina" last="Sampaio">Cristina Sampaio</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Lisbon School of Medicine</s1>
<s2>Lisbon</s2>
<s3>PRT</s3>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Portugal</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stebbins, Glenn T" sort="Stebbins, Glenn T" uniqKey="Stebbins G" first="Glenn T." last="Stebbins">Glenn T. Stebbins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Department of Neurological Services, Rush University Medical Center</s1>
<s2>Chicago, Illinois</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goetz, Christopher G" sort="Goetz, Christopher G" uniqKey="Goetz C" first="Christopher G." last="Goetz">Christopher G. Goetz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Department of Neurological Services, Rush University Medical Center</s1>
<s2>Chicago, Illinois</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j" type="main">Movement disorders</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Mov. disord.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno>
<imprint><date when="2007">2007</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Movement disorders</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Mov. disord.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Depression</term>
<term>Nervous system diseases</term>
<term>Parkinson disease</term>
<term>Psychometrics</term>
<term>Recommendation</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Système nerveux pathologie</term>
<term>Etat dépressif</term>
<term>Parkinson maladie</term>
<term>Recommandation</term>
<term>Psychométrie</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Recommandation</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Depression is a common comorbid condition in Parkinson's disease (PD) and a major contributor to poor quality of life and disability. However, depression can be difficult to assess in patients with PD due to overlapping symptoms and difficulties in the assessment of depression in cognitively impaired patients. As several rating scales have been used to assess depression in PD (dPD), the Movement Disorder Society commissioned a task force to assess their clinimetric properties and make clinical recommendations regarding their use. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the use of depression scales in PD and determine which scales should be selected for this review. The scales reviewed were the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Scale (Ham-D), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part I, Comell Scale for the Assessment of Depression in Dementia (CSDD), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Seven clinical researchers with clinical and research experience in the assessment of dPD were assigned to review the scales using a structured format. The most appropriate scale is dependent on the clinical or research goal. However, observer-rated scales are preferred if the study or clinical situation permits. For screening purposes, the HAM-D, BDI, HADS, MADRS, and GDS are valid in dPD. The CES-D and CSDD are alternative instruments that need validation in dPD. For measurement of severity of depressive symptoms, the Ham-D, MADRS, BDI, and SDS scales are recommended. Further studies are needed to validate the CSDD, which could be particularly useful for the assessment of severity of dPD in patients with comorbid dementia. To account for overlapping motor and nonmotor symptoms of depression, adjusted instrument cutoff scores may be needed for dPD, and scales to assess severity of motor symptoms (e.g., UPDRS) should also be included to help adjust for confounding factors. The HADS and the GDS include limited motor symptom assessment and may, therefore, be most useful in rating depression severity across a range of PD severity; however, these scales appear insensitive in severe depression. The complex and time-consuming task of developing a new scale to measure depression specifically for patients with PD is currently not warranted.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</INIST>
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<author><name sortKey="Schrag, Anette" sort="Schrag, Anette" uniqKey="Schrag A" first="Anette" last="Schrag">Anette Schrag</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barone, Paolo" sort="Barone, Paolo" uniqKey="Barone P" first="Paolo" last="Barone">Paolo Barone</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brown, Richard G" sort="Brown, Richard G" uniqKey="Brown R" first="Richard G." last="Brown">Richard G. Brown</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leentjens, Albert F G" sort="Leentjens, Albert F G" uniqKey="Leentjens A" first="Albert F. G." last="Leentjens">Albert F. G. Leentjens</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, William M" sort="Mcdonald, William M" uniqKey="Mcdonald W" first="William M." last="Mcdonald">William M. Mcdonald</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Starkstein, Sergio" sort="Starkstein, Sergio" uniqKey="Starkstein S" first="Sergio" last="Starkstein">Sergio Starkstein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weintraub, Daniel" sort="Weintraub, Daniel" uniqKey="Weintraub D" first="Daniel" last="Weintraub">Daniel Weintraub</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poewe, Werner" sort="Poewe, Werner" uniqKey="Poewe W" first="Werner" last="Poewe">Werner Poewe</name>
<affiliation><country>Autriche</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Innsbruck</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Tyrol (Land)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de médecine d'Innsbruck</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rascol, Olivier" sort="Rascol, Olivier" uniqKey="Rascol O" first="Olivier" last="Rascol">Olivier Rascol</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sampaio, Cristina" sort="Sampaio, Cristina" uniqKey="Sampaio C" first="Cristina" last="Sampaio">Cristina Sampaio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stebbins, Glenn T" sort="Stebbins, Glenn T" uniqKey="Stebbins G" first="Glenn T." last="Stebbins">Glenn T. Stebbins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goetz, Christopher G" sort="Goetz, Christopher G" uniqKey="Goetz C" first="Christopher G." last="Goetz">Christopher G. Goetz</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
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<idno type="doi">10.1002/mds.21333</idno>
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<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0885-3185:2007:Schrag A:depression:rating:scales</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002992</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Depression rating scales in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations</title>
<author><name sortKey="Schrag, Anette" sort="Schrag, Anette" uniqKey="Schrag A" first="Anette" last="Schrag">Anette Schrag</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>University Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London NW3 2PF</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>London NW3 2PF</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London NW3 2PF</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>London NW3 2PF</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barone, Paolo" sort="Barone, Paolo" uniqKey="Barone P" first="Paolo" last="Barone">Paolo Barone</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Naples</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brown, Richard G" sort="Brown, Richard G" uniqKey="Brown R" first="Richard G." last="Brown">Richard G. Brown</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>King's College London, MRC Neurodegeneration Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leentjens, Albert F G" sort="Leentjens, Albert F G" uniqKey="Leentjens A" first="Albert F. G." last="Leentjens">Albert F. G. Leentjens</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University Hospital, Maastricht</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Maastricht</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, William M" sort="Mcdonald, William M" uniqKey="Mcdonald W" first="William M." last="Mcdonald">William M. Mcdonald</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Starkstein, Sergio" sort="Starkstein, Sergio" uniqKey="Starkstein S" first="Sergio" last="Starkstein">Sergio Starkstein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia and Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fremantle</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weintraub, Daniel" sort="Weintraub, Daniel" uniqKey="Weintraub D" first="Daniel" last="Weintraub">Daniel Weintraub</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poewe, Werner" sort="Poewe, Werner" uniqKey="Poewe W" first="Werner" last="Poewe">Werner Poewe</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Innsbruck</wicri:regionArea>
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<placeName><settlement type="city">Innsbruck</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Tyrol (Land)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de médecine d'Innsbruck</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rascol, Olivier" sort="Rascol, Olivier" uniqKey="Rascol O" first="Olivier" last="Rascol">Olivier Rascol</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Medicale et Clinique, Toulouse</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Midi-Pyrénées</region>
<settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sampaio, Cristina" sort="Sampaio, Cristina" uniqKey="Sampaio C" first="Cristina" last="Sampaio">Cristina Sampaio</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Lisbon School of Medicine, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stebbins, Glenn T" sort="Stebbins, Glenn T" uniqKey="Stebbins G" first="Glenn T." last="Stebbins">Glenn T. Stebbins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurological Services, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goetz, Christopher G" sort="Goetz, Christopher G" uniqKey="Goetz C" first="Christopher G." last="Goetz">Christopher G. Goetz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurological Services, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr></monogr>
<series><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title>
<title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. Disord.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno>
<imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher>
<pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace>
<date type="published" when="2007-06-15">2007-06-15</date>
<biblScope unit="volume">22</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="1077">1077</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="1092">1092</biblScope>
</imprint>
<idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno>
</series>
<idno type="istex">E10BA9A996EAA2019D3CAC78E33B7FE57DA9CEA7</idno>
<idno type="DOI">10.1002/mds.21333</idno>
<idno type="ArticleID">MDS21333</idno>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Parkinson's disease</term>
<term>depression</term>
<term>psychiatric status rating scales</term>
<term>psychometrics</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
<langUsage><language ident="en">en</language>
</langUsage>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Depression is a common comorbid condition in Parkinson's disease (PD) and a major contributor to poor quality of life and disability. However, depression can be difficult to assess in patients with PD due to overlapping symptoms and difficulties in the assessment of depression in cognitively impaired patients. As several rating scales have been used to assess depression in PD (dPD), the Movement Disorder Society commissioned a task force to assess their clinimetric properties and make clinical recommendations regarding their use. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the use of depression scales in PD and determine which scales should be selected for this review. The scales reviewed were the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Scale (Ham‐D), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part I, Cornell Scale for the Assessment of Depression in Dementia (CSDD), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D). Seven clinical researchers with clinical and research experience in the assessment of dPD were assigned to review the scales using a structured format. The most appropriate scale is dependent on the clinical or research goal. However, observer‐rated scales are preferred if the study or clinical situation permits. For screening purposes, the HAM‐D, BDI, HADS, MADRS, and GDS are valid in dPD. The CES‐D and CSDD are alternative instruments that need validation in dPD. For measurement of severity of depressive symptoms, the Ham‐D, MADRS, BDI, and SDS scales are recommended. Further studies are needed to validate the CSDD, which could be particularly useful for the assessment of severity of dPD in patients with comorbid dementia. To account for overlapping motor and nonmotor symptoms of depression, adjusted instrument cutoff scores may be needed for dPD, and scales to assess severity of motor symptoms (e.g., UPDRS) should also be included to help adjust for confounding factors. The HADS and the GDS include limited motor symptom assessment and may, therefore, be most useful in rating depression severity across a range of PD severity; however, these scales appear insensitive in severe depression. The complex and time‐consuming task of developing a new scale to measure depression specifically for patients with PD is currently not warranted. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society</div>
</front>
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