The substantia nigra of the human brain
Identifieur interne : 002515 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 002514; suivant : 002516The substantia nigra of the human brain
Auteurs : P. Damier ; E. C. Hirsch ; Y. Agid ; A. M. GraybielSource :
- Brain [ 0006-8950 ] ; 1999-08.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by massive degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons in the midbrain. However, the vulnerability of these neurons is heterogeneous both across different midbrain dopamine-containing cell groups and within the substantia nigra, the brain structure most affected in this disease. To determine the exact pattern of cell loss and to map the cellular distribution of candidate pathogenic molecules, it is necessary to have landmarks independent of the degenerative process by which to subdivide the substantia nigra. We have developed a protocol for this purpose based on immunostaining for calbindin D28K, a protein present in striatonigral afferent fibres. We used it to examine post-mortem brain samples from seven subjects who had had no history of neurological or psychiatric disease. We found intense immunostaining for calbindin D28K associated with the neuropil of the ventral midbrain. Within the calbindin-positive region, there were conspicuous calbindin-poor zones. Analysed in serial sections, many of the calbindin-poor zones seen in individual sections were continuous with one another, forming elements of larger, branched three-dimensional structures. Sixty per cent of all dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta were located within the calbindin-rich zone, which we named the nigral matrix, and 40% were packed together within the calbindin-poor zones, which we named nigrosomes. We identified five different nigrosomes. This organization was consistent from one control brain to another. We propose that subdivision of the human substantia nigra based on patterns of calbindin immunostaining provides a key tool for analysing the organization of the substantia nigra and offers a new approach to analysing molecular expression patterns in the substantia nigra and the specific patterns of nigral cell degeneration in Parkinson's disease.
Url:
DOI: 10.1093/brain/122.8.1421
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:2CC2ECDE5193196764515EF802B66656D80CF1FALe document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The substantia nigra of the human brain</title><author><name sortKey="Damier, P" sort="Damier, P" uniqKey="Damier P" first="P." last="Damier">P. Damier</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France and</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirsch, E C" sort="Hirsch, E C" uniqKey="Hirsch E" first="E. C." last="Hirsch">E. C. Hirsch</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France and</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agid, Y" sort="Agid, Y" uniqKey="Agid Y" first="Y." last="Agid">Y. Agid</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France and</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Graybiel, A M" sort="Graybiel, A M" uniqKey="Graybiel A" first="A. M." last="Graybiel">A. M. Graybiel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:2CC2ECDE5193196764515EF802B66656D80CF1FA</idno><date when="1999" year="1999">1999</date><idno type="doi">10.1093/brain/122.8.1421</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/2CC2ECDE5193196764515EF802B66656D80CF1FA/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">002515</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">002515</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">The substantia nigra of the human brain</title><author><name sortKey="Damier, P" sort="Damier, P" uniqKey="Damier P" first="P." last="Damier">P. Damier</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France and</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirsch, E C" sort="Hirsch, E C" uniqKey="Hirsch E" first="E. C." last="Hirsch">E. C. Hirsch</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France and</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agid, Y" sort="Agid, Y" uniqKey="Agid Y" first="Y." last="Agid">Y. Agid</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France and</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Graybiel, A M" sort="Graybiel, A M" uniqKey="Graybiel A" first="A. M." last="Graybiel">A. M. Graybiel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Brain</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Brain</title><idno type="ISSN">0006-8950</idno><idno type="eISSN">1460-2156</idno><imprint><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><date type="published" when="1999-08">1999-08</date><biblScope unit="volume">122</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1421">1421</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1436">1436</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0006-8950</idno></series><idno type="istex">2CC2ECDE5193196764515EF802B66656D80CF1FA</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1093/brain/122.8.1421</idno><idno type="local">1221421</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0006-8950</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Parkinson's disease</term><term>TH = tyrosine hydroxylase</term><term>basal ganglia</term><term>calbindin</term><term>dopamine</term><term>substantia nigra</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Parkinson's disease is characterized by massive degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons in the midbrain. However, the vulnerability of these neurons is heterogeneous both across different midbrain dopamine-containing cell groups and within the substantia nigra, the brain structure most affected in this disease. To determine the exact pattern of cell loss and to map the cellular distribution of candidate pathogenic molecules, it is necessary to have landmarks independent of the degenerative process by which to subdivide the substantia nigra. We have developed a protocol for this purpose based on immunostaining for calbindin D28K, a protein present in striatonigral afferent fibres. We used it to examine post-mortem brain samples from seven subjects who had had no history of neurological or psychiatric disease. We found intense immunostaining for calbindin D28K associated with the neuropil of the ventral midbrain. Within the calbindin-positive region, there were conspicuous calbindin-poor zones. Analysed in serial sections, many of the calbindin-poor zones seen in individual sections were continuous with one another, forming elements of larger, branched three-dimensional structures. Sixty per cent of all dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta were located within the calbindin-rich zone, which we named the nigral matrix, and 40% were packed together within the calbindin-poor zones, which we named nigrosomes. We identified five different nigrosomes. This organization was consistent from one control brain to another. We propose that subdivision of the human substantia nigra based on patterns of calbindin immunostaining provides a key tool for analysing the organization of the substantia nigra and offers a new approach to analysing molecular expression patterns in the substantia nigra and the specific patterns of nigral cell degeneration in Parkinson's disease.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>oup</corpusName><author><json:item><name>P. Damier</name><affiliations><json:string>INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France and</json:string><json:string>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>E. C. Hirsch</name><affiliations><json:string>INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France and</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Y. Agid</name><affiliations><json:string>INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France and</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. M. Graybiel</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Parkinson's disease</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>substantia nigra</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>dopamine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>calbindin</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>basal ganglia</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>TH = tyrosine hydroxylase</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>research-article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Parkinson's disease is characterized by massive degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons in the midbrain. However, the vulnerability of these neurons is heterogeneous both across different midbrain dopamine-containing cell groups and within the substantia nigra, the brain structure most affected in this disease. To determine the exact pattern of cell loss and to map the cellular distribution of candidate pathogenic molecules, it is necessary to have landmarks independent of the degenerative process by which to subdivide the substantia nigra. We have developed a protocol for this purpose based on immunostaining for calbindin D28K, a protein present in striatonigral afferent fibres. We used it to examine post-mortem brain samples from seven subjects who had had no history of neurological or psychiatric disease. We found intense immunostaining for calbindin D28K associated with the neuropil of the ventral midbrain. Within the calbindin-positive region, there were conspicuous calbindin-poor zones. Analysed in serial sections, many of the calbindin-poor zones seen in individual sections were continuous with one another, forming elements of larger, branched three-dimensional structures. Sixty per cent of all dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta were located within the calbindin-rich zone, which we named the nigral matrix, and 40% were packed together within the calbindin-poor zones, which we named nigrosomes. We identified five different nigrosomes. This organization was consistent from one control brain to another. We propose that subdivision of the human substantia nigra based on patterns of calbindin immunostaining provides a key tool for analysing the organization of the substantia nigra and offers a new approach to analysing molecular expression patterns in the substantia nigra and the specific patterns of nigral cell degeneration in Parkinson's disease.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>10</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612 x 792 pts (letter)</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>6</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1917</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>5463</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>35422</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>16</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>273</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>The substantia nigra of the human brain</title><refBibs><json:item><host><volume>94</volume><pages><first>239</first></pages><author></author><title>Anat Rec</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>5</volume><pages><first>71</first></pages><author></author><title>Hum Neurobiol</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>122</volume><pages><first>000</first></pages><author></author><title>Brain</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>114</volume><pages><first>2283</first></pages><author></author><title>Brain</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>14</volume><pages><first>349</first></pages><author></author><title>Brain Res Bull</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>26</volume><pages><first>507</first></pages><author></author><title>Ann Neurol</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>581</volume><pages><first>283</first></pages><author></author><title>Brain Res</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>54</volume><pages><first>388</first></pages><author></author><title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>75</volume><pages><first>5723</first></pages><author></author><title>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>84</volume><pages><first>303</first></pages><author></author><title>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>48</volume><pages><first>1</first></pages><author></author><title>J Psychol Neurol</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>48</volume><pages><first>387</first></pages><author></author><title>J Psychol Neurol</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>304</volume><pages><first>569</first></pages><author></author><title>J Comp Neurol</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>334</volume><pages><first>345</first></pages><author></author><title>Nature</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>32</volume><pages><first>543</first></pages><author></author><title>Ann Neurol</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>23</volume><pages><first>223</first></pages><author></author><title>Neuroscience</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>525</volume><pages><first>209</first></pages><author></author><title>Brain Res</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><author></author></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>498</volume><pages><first>344</first></pages><author></author><title>Brain Res</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>34</volume><pages><first>33</first></pages><author></author><title>Arch Neurol</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>68</volume><pages><first>539</first></pages><author></author><title>Neuroscience</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><author></author></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>54</volume><pages><first>30</first></pages><author></author><title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>10</volume><pages><first>1137</first></pages><author></author><title>Neuroscience</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>189</volume><pages><first>307</first></pages><author></author><title>J Comp Neurol</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>15</volume><pages><first>3092</first></pages><author></author><title>J Neurosci</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>23</volume><pages><first>280</first></pages><author></author><title>Synapse</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><author></author></host></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>122</volume><publisherId><json:string>brainj</json:string></publisherId><pages><last>1436</last><first>1421</first></pages><issn><json:string>0006-8950</json:string></issn><issue>8</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1460-2156</json:string></eissn><title>Brain</title></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>neurosciences</json:string><json:string>clinical neurology</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>health sciences</json:string><json:string>clinical medicine</json:string><json:string>neurology & neurosurgery</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>1999</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1999</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1093/brain/122.8.1421</json:string></doi><id>2CC2ECDE5193196764515EF802B66656D80CF1FA</id><score>0.18044636</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/2CC2ECDE5193196764515EF802B66656D80CF1FA/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/2CC2ECDE5193196764515EF802B66656D80CF1FA/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/2CC2ECDE5193196764515EF802B66656D80CF1FA/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">The substantia nigra of the human brain</title><title level="a" type="sub" xml:lang="en">I. Nigrosomes and the nigral matrix, a compartmental organization based on calbindin D28K immunohistochemistry</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><availability><p>© Oxford University Press 1999</p></availability><date>1999</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>Dr P. Damier, INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France E-mail: cic.salpetriere@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">The substantia nigra of the human brain</title><title level="a" type="sub" xml:lang="en">I. Nigrosomes and the nigral matrix, a compartmental organization based on calbindin D28K immunohistochemistry</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">P.</forename><surname>Damier</surname></persName><affiliation>INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France and</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">E. C.</forename><surname>Hirsch</surname></persName><affiliation>INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France and</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Y.</forename><surname>Agid</surname></persName><affiliation>INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France and</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">A. M.</forename><surname>Graybiel</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Brain</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Brain</title><idno type="pISSN">0006-8950</idno><idno type="eISSN">1460-2156</idno><imprint><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><date type="published" when="1999-08"></date><biblScope unit="volume">122</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1421">1421</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1436">1436</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">2CC2ECDE5193196764515EF802B66656D80CF1FA</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1093/brain/122.8.1421</idno><idno type="local">1221421</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1999</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Parkinson's disease is characterized by massive degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons in the midbrain. However, the vulnerability of these neurons is heterogeneous both across different midbrain dopamine-containing cell groups and within the substantia nigra, the brain structure most affected in this disease. To determine the exact pattern of cell loss and to map the cellular distribution of candidate pathogenic molecules, it is necessary to have landmarks independent of the degenerative process by which to subdivide the substantia nigra. We have developed a protocol for this purpose based on immunostaining for calbindin D28K, a protein present in striatonigral afferent fibres. We used it to examine post-mortem brain samples from seven subjects who had had no history of neurological or psychiatric disease. We found intense immunostaining for calbindin D28K associated with the neuropil of the ventral midbrain. Within the calbindin-positive region, there were conspicuous calbindin-poor zones. Analysed in serial sections, many of the calbindin-poor zones seen in individual sections were continuous with one another, forming elements of larger, branched three-dimensional structures. Sixty per cent of all dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta were located within the calbindin-rich zone, which we named the nigral matrix, and 40% were packed together within the calbindin-poor zones, which we named nigrosomes. We identified five different nigrosomes. This organization was consistent from one control brain to another. We propose that subdivision of the human substantia nigra based on patterns of calbindin immunostaining provides a key tool for analysing the organization of the substantia nigra and offers a new approach to analysing molecular expression patterns in the substantia nigra and the specific patterns of nigral cell degeneration in Parkinson's disease.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>KWD</head><item><term>Parkinson's disease</term></item><item><term>substantia nigra</term></item><item><term>dopamine</term></item><item><term>calbindin</term></item><item><term>basal ganglia</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>ABR</head><item><term>TH = tyrosine hydroxylase</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1999-08">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/2CC2ECDE5193196764515EF802B66656D80CF1FA/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus oup" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="journalpublishing.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article xml:lang="en" article-type="research-article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">brain</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Brain</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">brainj</journal-id><journal-title>Brain</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Brain</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0006-8950</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1460-2156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="other">1221421</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/brain/122.8.1421</article-id><title-group><article-title>The substantia nigra of the human brain</article-title><subtitle>I. Nigrosomes and the nigral matrix, a compartmental organization based on calbindin D<sub>28K</sub> immunohistochemistry</subtitle></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Damier</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><xref rid="AFF1">1</xref><xref rid="AFF2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hirsch</surname><given-names>E. C.</given-names></name><xref rid="AFF1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Agid</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><xref rid="AFF1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Graybiel</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><xref rid="AFF2">2</xref></contrib><aff id="AFF1"><label>1</label>INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France and </aff><aff id="AFF2"><label>2</label>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp>Dr P. Damier, INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France E-mail: <ext-link xlink:href="cic.salpetriere@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr" ext-link-type="email">cic.salpetriere@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr</ext-link></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>8</month><year>1999</year></pub-date><volume>122</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>1421</fpage><lpage>1436</lpage><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>1999</year></date><date date-type="received"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>1998</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>1999</year></date></history><copyright-statement>© Oxford University Press 1999</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1999</copyright-year><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Parkinson's disease is characterized by massive degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons in the midbrain. However, the vulnerability of these neurons is heterogeneous both across different midbrain dopamine-containing cell groups and within the substantia nigra, the brain structure most affected in this disease. To determine the exact pattern of cell loss and to map the cellular distribution of candidate pathogenic molecules, it is necessary to have landmarks independent of the degenerative process by which to subdivide the substantia nigra. We have developed a protocol for this purpose based on immunostaining for calbindin D<sub>28K</sub>, a protein present in striatonigral afferent fibres. We used it to examine post-mortem brain samples from seven subjects who had had no history of neurological or psychiatric disease. We found intense immunostaining for calbindin D<sub>28K</sub> associated with the neuropil of the ventral midbrain. Within the calbindin-positive region, there were conspicuous calbindin-poor zones. Analysed in serial sections, many of the calbindin-poor zones seen in individual sections were continuous with one another, forming elements of larger, branched three-dimensional structures. Sixty per cent of all dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta were located within the calbindin-rich zone, which we named the nigral matrix, and 40% were packed together within the calbindin-poor zones, which we named nigrosomes. We identified five different nigrosomes. This organization was consistent from one control brain to another. We propose that subdivision of the human substantia nigra based on patterns of calbindin immunostaining provides a key tool for analysing the organization of the substantia nigra and offers a new approach to analysing molecular expression patterns in the substantia nigra and the specific patterns of nigral cell degeneration in Parkinson's disease.</p></abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="KWD" xml:lang="en"><kwd>Parkinson's disease</kwd><kwd>substantia nigra</kwd><kwd>dopamine</kwd><kwd>calbindin</kwd><kwd>basal ganglia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group kwd-group-type="ABR" xml:lang="en"><kwd>TH = tyrosine hydroxylase</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-wrap><custom-meta><meta-name>hwp-legacy-fpage</meta-name><meta-value>1421</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>hwp-legacy-dochead</meta-name><meta-value>Article</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-wrap></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>The substantia nigra of the human brain</title><subTitle>I. Nigrosomes and the nigral matrix, a compartmental organization based on calbindin D28K immunohistochemistry</subTitle></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>The substantia nigra of the human brain</title><subTitle>I. Nigrosomes and the nigral matrix, a compartmental organization based on calbindin D28K immunohistochemistry</subTitle></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Damier</namePart><affiliation>INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France and</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hirsch</namePart><affiliation>INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France and</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Agid</namePart><affiliation>INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France and</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Graybiel</namePart><affiliation>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1999-08</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1999</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Parkinson's disease is characterized by massive degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons in the midbrain. However, the vulnerability of these neurons is heterogeneous both across different midbrain dopamine-containing cell groups and within the substantia nigra, the brain structure most affected in this disease. To determine the exact pattern of cell loss and to map the cellular distribution of candidate pathogenic molecules, it is necessary to have landmarks independent of the degenerative process by which to subdivide the substantia nigra. We have developed a protocol for this purpose based on immunostaining for calbindin D28K, a protein present in striatonigral afferent fibres. We used it to examine post-mortem brain samples from seven subjects who had had no history of neurological or psychiatric disease. We found intense immunostaining for calbindin D28K associated with the neuropil of the ventral midbrain. Within the calbindin-positive region, there were conspicuous calbindin-poor zones. Analysed in serial sections, many of the calbindin-poor zones seen in individual sections were continuous with one another, forming elements of larger, branched three-dimensional structures. Sixty per cent of all dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta were located within the calbindin-rich zone, which we named the nigral matrix, and 40% were packed together within the calbindin-poor zones, which we named nigrosomes. We identified five different nigrosomes. This organization was consistent from one control brain to another. We propose that subdivision of the human substantia nigra based on patterns of calbindin immunostaining provides a key tool for analysing the organization of the substantia nigra and offers a new approach to analysing molecular expression patterns in the substantia nigra and the specific patterns of nigral cell degeneration in Parkinson's disease.</abstract><note type="author-notes">Dr P. Damier, INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France E-mail: cic.salpetriere@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr</note><subject lang="en"><genre>KWD</genre><topic>Parkinson's disease</topic><topic>substantia nigra</topic><topic>dopamine</topic><topic>calbindin</topic><topic>basal ganglia</topic></subject><subject lang="en"><genre>ABR</genre><topic>TH = tyrosine hydroxylase</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Brain</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Brain</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0006-8950</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1460-2156</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">brainj</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">brain</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">Brain</identifier><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>122</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>8</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1421</start><end>1436</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">2CC2ECDE5193196764515EF802B66656D80CF1FA</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1093/brain/122.8.1421</identifier><identifier type="local">1221421</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© Oxford University Press 1999</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>OUP</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/ParkinsonFranceV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002515 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 002515 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= ParkinsonFranceV1
|flux= Istex
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:2CC2ECDE5193196764515EF802B66656D80CF1FA
|texte= The substantia nigra of the human brain
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.29. |  |