Photomineralization of terrigenous dissolved organic matter in Arctic coastal waters from 1979 to 2003: Interannual variability and implications of climate change
Identifieur interne : 002141 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 002140; suivant : 002142Photomineralization of terrigenous dissolved organic matter in Arctic coastal waters from 1979 to 2003: Interannual variability and implications of climate change
Auteurs : Simon Bélanger ; Huixiang Xie ; Nickolay Krotkov ; Pierre Larouche ; Warwick F. Vincent ; Marcel BabinSource :
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles [ 0886-6236 ] ; 2006-12.
Abstract
Photomineralization of terrigenous dissolved organic matter (tDOM) in the Arctic Ocean is limited by persistent sea ice cover that reduces the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the underlying water column. UV‐dependent processes are likely to accelerate as a result of shrinking sea ice extent and decreasing ice thickness caused by climatic warming over this region. In this study, we made the first quantitative estimates of photomineralization of tDOM in a coastal Arctic ecosystem under current and future sea ice regimes. We used an optical‐photochemical coupled model incorporating water column optics and experimental measurements of photoproduction of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), the main carbon product of DOM photochemistry. Apparent quantum yields of DIC photoproduction were determined on water samples from the Mackenzie River estuary, the Mackenzie Shelf, and Amundsen Gulf. UV irradiances just below the sea surface were estimated by combining satellite backscattered and passive microwave radiance measurements with a radiative transfer model. The mean annual DIC photoproduction between 1979 and 2003 was estimated as 66.5 ± 18.5 Gg carbon in the surface waters of the southeastern Beaufort Sea, where UV absorption is dominated by chromophoric dissolved organic matter discharged by the Mackenzie River. This value is equivalent to 10% of bacterial respiration rates, 8% of new primary production rates and 2.8 ± 0.6% of the 1.3 Tg of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) discharged annually by the Mackenzie River into the area. During periods of reduced ice cover such as 1998, the latter value could rise to 5.1% of the annual riverine DOC discharge. Under an ice‐free scenario, the model predicted that 150.5 Gg of DIC would be photochemically produced, mineralizing 6.2% of the DOC input from the Mackenzie River. These results show that the predicted trend of ongoing contraction of sea ice cover will greatly accelerate the photomineralization of tDOM in Arctic surface waters.
Url:
DOI: 10.1029/2006GB002708
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Vincent</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Département de Biologie and Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Babin, Marcel" sort="Babin, Marcel" uniqKey="Babin M" first="Marcel" last="Babin">Marcel Babin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche, Université Pierre et Marie Curie‐Paris, Villefranche‐sur‐Mer, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Also at Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche, CNRS, Villefranche‐sur‐Mer, France.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Global Biogeochemical Cycles</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Global Biogeochem. Cycles</title><idno type="ISSN">0886-6236</idno><idno type="eISSN">1944-9224</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2006-12">2006-12</date><biblScope unit="volume">20</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="/">n/a</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="/">n/a</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0886-6236</idno></series><idno type="istex">DCED973B91EA6779865092101D977F52CDEF6192</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2006GB002708</idno><idno type="ArticleID">2006GB002708</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0886-6236</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Photomineralization of terrigenous dissolved organic matter (tDOM) in the Arctic Ocean is limited by persistent sea ice cover that reduces the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the underlying water column. UV‐dependent processes are likely to accelerate as a result of shrinking sea ice extent and decreasing ice thickness caused by climatic warming over this region. In this study, we made the first quantitative estimates of photomineralization of tDOM in a coastal Arctic ecosystem under current and future sea ice regimes. We used an optical‐photochemical coupled model incorporating water column optics and experimental measurements of photoproduction of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), the main carbon product of DOM photochemistry. Apparent quantum yields of DIC photoproduction were determined on water samples from the Mackenzie River estuary, the Mackenzie Shelf, and Amundsen Gulf. UV irradiances just below the sea surface were estimated by combining satellite backscattered and passive microwave radiance measurements with a radiative transfer model. The mean annual DIC photoproduction between 1979 and 2003 was estimated as 66.5 ± 18.5 Gg carbon in the surface waters of the southeastern Beaufort Sea, where UV absorption is dominated by chromophoric dissolved organic matter discharged by the Mackenzie River. This value is equivalent to 10% of bacterial respiration rates, 8% of new primary production rates and 2.8 ± 0.6% of the 1.3 Tg of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) discharged annually by the Mackenzie River into the area. During periods of reduced ice cover such as 1998, the latter value could rise to 5.1% of the annual riverine DOC discharge. Under an ice‐free scenario, the model predicted that 150.5 Gg of DIC would be photochemically produced, mineralizing 6.2% of the DOC input from the Mackenzie River. These results show that the predicted trend of ongoing contraction of sea ice cover will greatly accelerate the photomineralization of tDOM in Arctic surface waters.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Simon Bélanger</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche, Université Pierre et Marie Curie‐Paris, Villefranche‐sur‐Mer, France</json:string><json:string>Also at Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche, CNRS, Villefranche‐sur‐Mer, France.</json:string><json:string>E-mail: sbe@obs-vlfr.fr</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Huixiang Xie</name><affiliations><json:string>Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Nickolay Krotkov</name><affiliations><json:string>Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Maryland, Baltimore, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Pierre Larouche</name><affiliations><json:string>Institut Maurice‐Lamontagne, Pêches et Océans Canada, Mont‐Joli, Quebec, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Warwick F. Vincent</name><affiliations><json:string>Département de Biologie and Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Marcel Babin</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche, Université Pierre et Marie Curie‐Paris, Villefranche‐sur‐Mer, France</json:string><json:string>Also at Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche, CNRS, Villefranche‐sur‐Mer, France.</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Beaufort Sea</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>CDOM photooxidation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>global warming</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>2006GB002708</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Photomineralization of terrigenous dissolved organic matter (tDOM) in the Arctic Ocean is limited by persistent sea ice cover that reduces the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the underlying water column. UV‐dependent processes are likely to accelerate as a result of shrinking sea ice extent and decreasing ice thickness caused by climatic warming over this region. In this study, we made the first quantitative estimates of photomineralization of tDOM in a coastal Arctic ecosystem under current and future sea ice regimes. We used an optical‐photochemical coupled model incorporating water column optics and experimental measurements of photoproduction of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), the main carbon product of DOM photochemistry. Apparent quantum yields of DIC photoproduction were determined on water samples from the Mackenzie River estuary, the Mackenzie Shelf, and Amundsen Gulf. UV irradiances just below the sea surface were estimated by combining satellite backscattered and passive microwave radiance measurements with a radiative transfer model. The mean annual DIC photoproduction between 1979 and 2003 was estimated as 66.5 ± 18.5 Gg carbon in the surface waters of the southeastern Beaufort Sea, where UV absorption is dominated by chromophoric dissolved organic matter discharged by the Mackenzie River. This value is equivalent to 10% of bacterial respiration rates, 8% of new primary production rates and 2.8 ± 0.6% of the 1.3 Tg of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) discharged annually by the Mackenzie River into the area. During periods of reduced ice cover such as 1998, the latter value could rise to 5.1% of the annual riverine DOC discharge. Under an ice‐free scenario, the model predicted that 150.5 Gg of DIC would be photochemically produced, mineralizing 6.2% of the DOC input from the Mackenzie River. These results show that the predicted trend of ongoing contraction of sea ice cover will greatly accelerate the photomineralization of tDOM in Arctic surface waters.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8.5</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612 x 792 pts (letter)</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>2014</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>9154</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>53751</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>13</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>305</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Photomineralization of terrigenous dissolved organic matter in Arctic coastal waters from 1979 to 2003: Interannual variability and implications of climate change</title><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>K. Aagaard</name></json:item><json:item><name>E. C. Carmack</name></json:item></author><host><volume>94</volume><pages><last>14,498</last><first>14,485</first></pages><issue>C10</issue><author></author><title>J. Geophys. 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multidisciplinary</json:string><json:string>environmental sciences</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>natural sciences</json:string><json:string>earth & environmental sciences</json:string><json:string>meteorology & atmospheric sciences</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2006</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2006</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1029/2006GB002708</json:string></doi><id>DCED973B91EA6779865092101D977F52CDEF6192</id><score>0.13456908</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/DCED973B91EA6779865092101D977F52CDEF6192/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/DCED973B91EA6779865092101D977F52CDEF6192/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/DCED973B91EA6779865092101D977F52CDEF6192/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Photomineralization of terrigenous dissolved organic matter in Arctic coastal waters from 1979 to 2003: Interannual variability and implications of climate change</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><availability><p>Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.</p></availability><date>2006</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Photomineralization of terrigenous dissolved organic matter in Arctic coastal waters from 1979 to 2003: Interannual variability and implications of climate change</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Simon</forename><surname>Bélanger</surname></persName><email>sbe@obs-vlfr.fr</email><affiliation>Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche, Université Pierre et Marie Curie‐Paris, Villefranche‐sur‐Mer, France</affiliation><affiliation>Also at Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche, CNRS, Villefranche‐sur‐Mer, France.</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Huixiang</forename><surname>Xie</surname></persName><affiliation>Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Nickolay</forename><surname>Krotkov</surname></persName><affiliation>Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Maryland, Baltimore, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Pierre</forename><surname>Larouche</surname></persName><affiliation>Institut Maurice‐Lamontagne, Pêches et Océans Canada, Mont‐Joli, Quebec, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Warwick F.</forename><surname>Vincent</surname></persName><affiliation>Département de Biologie and Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">Marcel</forename><surname>Babin</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche, Université Pierre et Marie Curie‐Paris, Villefranche‐sur‐Mer, France</affiliation><affiliation>Also at Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche, CNRS, Villefranche‐sur‐Mer, France.</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Global Biogeochemical Cycles</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Global Biogeochem. Cycles</title><idno type="pISSN">0886-6236</idno><idno type="eISSN">1944-9224</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1944-9224</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2006-12"></date><biblScope unit="volume">20</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="/">n/a</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="/">n/a</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">DCED973B91EA6779865092101D977F52CDEF6192</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2006GB002708</idno><idno type="ArticleID">2006GB002708</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2006</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Photomineralization of terrigenous dissolved organic matter (tDOM) in the Arctic Ocean is limited by persistent sea ice cover that reduces the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the underlying water column. UV‐dependent processes are likely to accelerate as a result of shrinking sea ice extent and decreasing ice thickness caused by climatic warming over this region. In this study, we made the first quantitative estimates of photomineralization of tDOM in a coastal Arctic ecosystem under current and future sea ice regimes. We used an optical‐photochemical coupled model incorporating water column optics and experimental measurements of photoproduction of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), the main carbon product of DOM photochemistry. Apparent quantum yields of DIC photoproduction were determined on water samples from the Mackenzie River estuary, the Mackenzie Shelf, and Amundsen Gulf. UV irradiances just below the sea surface were estimated by combining satellite backscattered and passive microwave radiance measurements with a radiative transfer model. The mean annual DIC photoproduction between 1979 and 2003 was estimated as 66.5 ± 18.5 Gg carbon in the surface waters of the southeastern Beaufort Sea, where UV absorption is dominated by chromophoric dissolved organic matter discharged by the Mackenzie River. This value is equivalent to 10% of bacterial respiration rates, 8% of new primary production rates and 2.8 ± 0.6% of the 1.3 Tg of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) discharged annually by the Mackenzie River into the area. During periods of reduced ice cover such as 1998, the latter value could rise to 5.1% of the annual riverine DOC discharge. Under an ice‐free scenario, the model predicted that 150.5 Gg of DIC would be photochemically produced, mineralizing 6.2% of the DOC input from the Mackenzie River. These results show that the predicted trend of ongoing contraction of sea ice cover will greatly accelerate the photomineralization of tDOM in Arctic surface waters.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>Beaufort Sea</term></item><item><term>CDOM photooxidation</term></item><item><term>global warming</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>index-terms</head><item><term>BIOGEOSCIENCES</term></item><item><term>Carbon cycling</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</term></item><item><term>Estuarine and nearshore processes</term></item><item><term>Remote sensing</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</term></item><item><term>CRYOSPHERE</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemistry</term></item><item><term>GLOBAL CHANGE</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</term></item><item><term>OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL</term></item><item><term>Estuarine processes</term></item><item><term>OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</term></item><item><term>Carbon cycling</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</term></item><item><term>PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2006-02-16">Received</change><change when="2006-06-28">Registration</change><change when="2006-12">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/DCED973B91EA6779865092101D977F52CDEF6192/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:lang="en" xml:id="gbc1316"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi>10.1002/(ISSN)1944-9224</doi><issn type="print">0886-6236</issn><issn type="electronic">1944-9224</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="GBC"></id><id type="coden" value="GBCYEP"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES">Global Biogeochemical Cycles</title><title type="short">Global Biogeochem. 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F.</givenNames> <familyName>Vincent</familyName></author>, and <author><givenNames>M.</givenNames> <familyName>Babin</familyName></author> (<pubYear year="2006">2006</pubYear>), <articleTitle>Photomineralization of terrigenous dissolved organic matter in Arctic coastal waters from 1979 to 2003: Interannual variability and implications of climate change</articleTitle>, <journalTitle>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</journalTitle>, <vol>20</vol>, GB4005, doi:<accessionId ref="info:doi/10.1029/2006GB002708">10.1029/2006GB002708</accessionId>.</citation></selfCitationGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:GBC.GBC1316.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="9"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="4"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Photomineralization of terrigenous dissolved organic matter in Arctic coastal waters from 1979 to 2003: Interannual variability and implications of climate change</title><title type="short">ARCTIC CDOM PHOTOOXIDATION</title><title type="shortAuthors">Bélanger <i>et al</i>.</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="gbc1316-cr-0001" affiliationRef="#gbc1316-aff-0001 #gbc1316-aff-0006"><personName><givenNames>Simon</givenNames> <familyName>Bélanger</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email normalForm="sbe@obs-vlfr.fr">sbe@obs-vlfr.fr</email></contactDetails></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="gbc1316-cr-0002" affiliationRef="#gbc1316-aff-0002"><personName><givenNames>Huixiang</givenNames> <familyName>Xie</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="gbc1316-cr-0003" affiliationRef="#gbc1316-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>Nickolay</givenNames> <familyName>Krotkov</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="gbc1316-cr-0004" affiliationRef="#gbc1316-aff-0004"><personName><givenNames>Pierre</givenNames> <familyName>Larouche</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="gbc1316-cr-0005" affiliationRef="#gbc1316-aff-0005"><personName><givenNames>Warwick F.</givenNames> <familyName>Vincent</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="gbc1316-cr-0006" affiliationRef="#gbc1316-aff-0001 #gbc1316-aff-0006"><personName><givenNames>Marcel</givenNames> <familyName>Babin</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="FR" type="organization" xml:id="gbc1316-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche</orgDiv><orgName>Université Pierre et Marie Curie‐Paris</orgName><address><city>Villefranche‐sur‐Mer</city><country>France</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="gbc1316-aff-0002"><orgDiv>Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski</orgDiv><orgName>Université du Québec à Rimouski</orgName><address><city>Rimouski, Quebec</city><country>Canada</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="gbc1316-aff-0003"><orgDiv>Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center</orgDiv><orgName>University of Maryland Baltimore County</orgName><address><city>Baltimore</city><countryPart>Maryland</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="gbc1316-aff-0004"><orgDiv>Institut Maurice‐Lamontagne</orgDiv><orgName>Pêches et Océans Canada</orgName><address><city>Mont‐Joli, Quebec</city><country>Canada</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="gbc1316-aff-0005"><orgDiv>Département de Biologie and Centre d'Études Nordiques</orgDiv><orgName>Université Laval</orgName><address><city>Quebec City, Quebec</city><country>Canada</country></address></affiliation><affiliation type="organization" xml:id="gbc1316-aff-0006"><unparsedAffiliation>Also at Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche, CNRS, Villefranche‐sur‐Mer, France.</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="gbc1316-kwd-0001">Beaufort Sea</keyword><keyword xml:id="gbc1316-kwd-0002">CDOM photooxidation</keyword><keyword xml:id="gbc1316-kwd-0003">global warming</keyword></keywordGroup><supportingInformation xml:id="gbc1316-sup-0000"><p xml:id="gbc1316-para-0001">Auxiliary material for this article contains additional text, a table, and two figures.</p><p xml:id="gbc1316-para-0002">Auxiliary material files may require downloading to a local drive depending on platform, browser, configuration, and size. To open auxiliary materials in a browser, click on the label. To download, Right‐click and select “Save Target As…” (PC) or CTRL‐click and select “Download Link to Disk” (Mac).</p><p xml:id="gbc1316-para-0003">See <url href="/pubs/plugins.html">Plugins</url> for a list of applications and supported file formats.</p><p xml:id="gbc1316-para-0004">Additional file information is provided in the readme.txt.</p><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:08866236:media:gbc1316:gbc1316-sup-0001-readme"></mediaResource><caption>readme.txt</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:08866236:media:gbc1316:gbc1316-sup-0002-txts01"></mediaResource><caption>Text S1. On the determination of the Apparent Quantum Yield for DIC photoproduction.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:08866236:media:gbc1316:gbc1316-sup-0003-txts02"></mediaResource><caption>Text S2. Figure captions.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:08866236:media:gbc1316:gbc1316-sup-0004-ts01"></mediaResource><caption>Table S1. Comparison of statistical results between the single exponential and quasi‐exponential functional forms.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="application/postscript" href="urn-x:wiley:08866236:media:gbc1316:gbc1316-sup-0005-fs01"></mediaResource><caption>Figure S1. Absorption spectra of CDOM for before (black line) and after the irradiation for the sample under WG280 cutoff filter (red line).</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" rendition="webOriginal" mimeType="image/tiff" href="urn-x:wiley:08866236:media:gbc1316:gbc1316-sup-0006-fs02"></mediaResource><caption>Figure S2. Modeled versus measured DIC photoproduction rates for the Single exponential (squares) and Quasi‐exponential (circles) functional forms.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:08866236:media:gbc1316:gbc1316-sup-0007-t01"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 1.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:08866236:media:gbc1316:gbc1316-sup-0008-t02"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 2.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:08866236:media:gbc1316:gbc1316-sup-0009-t03"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 3.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:08866236:media:gbc1316:gbc1316-sup-0010-t04"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 4.</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><p xml:id="gbc1316-para-0005" label="1">Photomineralization of terrigenous dissolved organic matter (tDOM) in the Arctic Ocean is limited by persistent sea ice cover that reduces the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the underlying water column. UV‐dependent processes are likely to accelerate as a result of shrinking sea ice extent and decreasing ice thickness caused by climatic warming over this region. In this study, we made the first quantitative estimates of photomineralization of tDOM in a coastal Arctic ecosystem under current and future sea ice regimes. We used an optical‐photochemical coupled model incorporating water column optics and experimental measurements of photoproduction of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), the main carbon product of DOM photochemistry. Apparent quantum yields of DIC photoproduction were determined on water samples from the Mackenzie River estuary, the Mackenzie Shelf, and Amundsen Gulf. UV irradiances just below the sea surface were estimated by combining satellite backscattered and passive microwave radiance measurements with a radiative transfer model. The mean annual DIC photoproduction between 1979 and 2003 was estimated as 66.5 ± 18.5 Gg carbon in the surface waters of the southeastern Beaufort Sea, where UV absorption is dominated by chromophoric dissolved organic matter discharged by the Mackenzie River. This value is equivalent to 10% of bacterial respiration rates, 8% of new primary production rates and 2.8 ± 0.6% of the 1.3 Tg of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) discharged annually by the Mackenzie River into the area. During periods of reduced ice cover such as 1998, the latter value could rise to 5.1% of the annual riverine DOC discharge. Under an ice‐free scenario, the model predicted that 150.5 Gg of DIC would be photochemically produced, mineralizing 6.2% of the DOC input from the Mackenzie River. These results show that the predicted trend of ongoing contraction of sea ice cover will greatly accelerate the photomineralization of tDOM in Arctic surface waters.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Photomineralization of terrigenous dissolved organic matter in Arctic coastal waters from 1979 to 2003: Interannual variability and implications of climate change</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>ARCTIC CDOM PHOTOOXIDATION</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Photomineralization of terrigenous dissolved organic matter in Arctic coastal waters from 1979 to 2003: Interannual variability and implications of climate change</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Simon</namePart><namePart type="family">Bélanger</namePart><affiliation>Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche, Université Pierre et Marie Curie‐Paris, Villefranche‐sur‐Mer, France</affiliation><affiliation>Also at Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche, CNRS, Villefranche‐sur‐Mer, France.</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: sbe@obs-vlfr.fr</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Huixiang</namePart><namePart type="family">Xie</namePart><affiliation>Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Nickolay</namePart><namePart type="family">Krotkov</namePart><affiliation>Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Maryland, Baltimore, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Pierre</namePart><namePart type="family">Larouche</namePart><affiliation>Institut Maurice‐Lamontagne, Pêches et Océans Canada, Mont‐Joli, Quebec, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Warwick F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Vincent</namePart><affiliation>Département de Biologie and Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Marcel</namePart><namePart type="family">Babin</namePart><affiliation>Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche, Université Pierre et Marie Curie‐Paris, Villefranche‐sur‐Mer, France</affiliation><affiliation>Also at Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche, CNRS, Villefranche‐sur‐Mer, France.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2006-12</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2006-02-16</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2006-06-28</dateValid><edition>Bélanger, S., H. Xie, N. Krotkov, P. Larouche, W. F. Vincent, and M. Babin (2006), Photomineralization of terrigenous dissolved organic matter in Arctic coastal waters from 1979 to 2003: Interannual variability and implications of climate change, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 20, GB4005, doi:10.1029/2006GB002708.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2006</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">9</extent><extent unit="tables">4</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>Photomineralization of terrigenous dissolved organic matter (tDOM) in the Arctic Ocean is limited by persistent sea ice cover that reduces the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the underlying water column. UV‐dependent processes are likely to accelerate as a result of shrinking sea ice extent and decreasing ice thickness caused by climatic warming over this region. In this study, we made the first quantitative estimates of photomineralization of tDOM in a coastal Arctic ecosystem under current and future sea ice regimes. We used an optical‐photochemical coupled model incorporating water column optics and experimental measurements of photoproduction of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), the main carbon product of DOM photochemistry. Apparent quantum yields of DIC photoproduction were determined on water samples from the Mackenzie River estuary, the Mackenzie Shelf, and Amundsen Gulf. UV irradiances just below the sea surface were estimated by combining satellite backscattered and passive microwave radiance measurements with a radiative transfer model. The mean annual DIC photoproduction between 1979 and 2003 was estimated as 66.5 ± 18.5 Gg carbon in the surface waters of the southeastern Beaufort Sea, where UV absorption is dominated by chromophoric dissolved organic matter discharged by the Mackenzie River. This value is equivalent to 10% of bacterial respiration rates, 8% of new primary production rates and 2.8 ± 0.6% of the 1.3 Tg of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) discharged annually by the Mackenzie River into the area. During periods of reduced ice cover such as 1998, the latter value could rise to 5.1% of the annual riverine DOC discharge. Under an ice‐free scenario, the model predicted that 150.5 Gg of DIC would be photochemically produced, mineralizing 6.2% of the DOC input from the Mackenzie River. These results show that the predicted trend of ongoing contraction of sea ice cover will greatly accelerate the photomineralization of tDOM in Arctic surface waters.</abstract><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Beaufort Sea</topic><topic>CDOM photooxidation</topic><topic>global warming</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Global Biogeochemical Cycles</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><note type="content"> Auxiliary material for this article contains additional text, a table, and two figures. Auxiliary material files may require downloading to a local drive depending on platform, browser, configuration, and size. To open auxiliary materials in a browser, click on the label. To download, Right‐click and select “Save Target As…” (PC) or CTRL‐click and select “Download Link to Disk” (Mac). See Plugins for a list of applications and supported file formats. Additional file information is provided in the readme.txt. Auxiliary material for this article contains additional text, a table, and two figures. Auxiliary material files may require downloading to a local drive depending on platform, browser, configuration, and size. To open auxiliary materials in a browser, click on the label. To download, Right‐click and select “Save Target As…” (PC) or CTRL‐click and select “Download Link to Disk” (Mac). See Plugins for a list of applications and supported file formats. Additional file information is provided in the readme.txt. Auxiliary material for this article contains additional text, a table, and two figures. Auxiliary material files may require downloading to a local drive depending on platform, browser, configuration, and size. To open auxiliary materials in a browser, click on the label. To download, Right‐click and select “Save Target As…” (PC) or CTRL‐click and select “Download Link to Disk” (Mac). See Plugins for a list of applications and supported file formats. Additional file information is provided in the readme.txt. Auxiliary material for this article contains additional text, a table, and two figures. Auxiliary material files may require downloading to a local drive depending on platform, browser, configuration, and size. To open auxiliary materials in a browser, click on the label. To download, Right‐click and select “Save Target As…” (PC) or CTRL‐click and select “Download Link to Disk” (Mac). See Plugins for a list of applications and supported file formats. Additional file information is provided in the readme.txt.Supporting Info Item: readme.txt - Text S1. On the determination of the Apparent Quantum Yield for DIC photoproduction. - Text S2. Figure captions. - Table S1. Comparison of statistical results between the single exponential and quasi‐exponential functional forms. - Figure S1. Absorption spectra of CDOM for before (black line) and after the irradiation for the sample under WG280 cutoff filter (red line). - Figure S2. Modeled versus measured DIC photoproduction rates for the Single exponential (squares) and Quasi‐exponential (circles) functional forms. - Tab‐delimited Table 1. - Tab‐delimited Table 2. - Tab‐delimited Table 3. - Tab‐delimited Table 4. - </note><subject><genre>index-terms</genre><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">BIOGEOSCIENCES</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0428">Carbon cycling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0414">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0442">Estuarine and nearshore processes</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0480">Remote sensing</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0412">Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0700">CRYOSPHERE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0793">Biogeochemistry</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1600">GLOBAL CHANGE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1615">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4200">OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4235">Estuarine processes</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4806">Carbon cycling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4805">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4900">PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4912">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0886-6236</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1944-9224</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1944-9224</identifier><identifier type="CODEN">GBCYEP</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">GBC</identifier><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>n/a</start><end>n/a</end><total>13</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">DCED973B91EA6779865092101D977F52CDEF6192</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1029/2006GB002708</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">2006GB002708</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|texte= Photomineralization of terrigenous dissolved organic matter in Arctic coastal waters from 1979 to 2003: Interannual variability and implications of climate change
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