La maladie de Parkinson en France (serveur d'exploration)

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Impact of deep brain stimulation on upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease

Identifieur interne : 001775 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001774; suivant : 001776

Impact of deep brain stimulation on upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease

Auteurs : R. G. Brown ; P. Limousin Dowsey ; P. Brown ; M. Jahanshahi ; P. Pollak ; A. L. Benabid ; M. C. Rodriguez-Oroz ; J. Obeso ; J. C. Rothwell

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:6BCAC4DB9C96BA0B9E9CC4B7E4AE2645210E9C51

Abstract

Recent pathophysiological models of Parkinson's disease have led to new surgical approaches to treatment including deep brain stimulation (DBS) and lesioning of basal ganglia structures. Various measures of upper limb akinesia were assessed in 6 patients with bilateral DBS of the internal pallidum and 6 with DBS of the subthalamic nucleus. Stimulation improved a number of aspects of motor function, and particularly movement time, and force production. Time to initiate movements, and to perform repetitive movements also improved but less dramatically. Processes indicating preparatory motor processes showed no significant change. Few significant differences were found between the internal pallidum and subthalamic nucleus groups. In general, the effects of DBS closely parallel previous reports of the effects of dopaminergic medication. It is suggested that disrupted pallidal output in Parkinson's disease interferes with the rate, level, and coordination of force production but has little effect on preparatory processes. The similarity of the effects of subthalamic nucleus and internal pallidum stimulation suggests this disrupted outflow is the most important determinant of upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease. The effects of DBS were similar to the effects of unilateral pallidal lesions reported elsewhere. Ann Neurol 1999;45:473–488

Url:
DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(199904)45:4<473::AID-ANA9>3.0.CO;2-V

Links to Exploration step

ISTEX:6BCAC4DB9C96BA0B9E9CC4B7E4AE2645210E9C51

Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Impact of deep brain stimulation on upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brown, R G" sort="Brown, R G" uniqKey="Brown R" first="R. G." last="Brown">R. G. Brown</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Limousin Dowsey, P" sort="Limousin Dowsey, P" uniqKey="Limousin Dowsey P" first="P." last="Limousin Dowsey">P. Limousin Dowsey</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brown, P" sort="Brown, P" uniqKey="Brown P" first="P." last="Brown">P. Brown</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jahanshahi, M" sort="Jahanshahi, M" uniqKey="Jahanshahi M" first="M." last="Jahanshahi">M. Jahanshahi</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pollak, P" sort="Pollak, P" uniqKey="Pollak P" first="P." last="Pollak">P. Pollak</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Benabid, A L" sort="Benabid, A L" uniqKey="Benabid A" first="A. L." last="Benabid">A. L. Benabid</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rodriguez Roz, M C" sort="Rodriguez Roz, M C" uniqKey="Rodriguez Roz M" first="M. C." last="Rodriguez-Oroz">M. C. Rodriguez-Oroz</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Clinica Quiron, San Sebastian, Spain</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Obeso, J" sort="Obeso, J" uniqKey="Obeso J" first="J." last="Obeso">J. Obeso</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Clinica Quiron, San Sebastian, Spain</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rothwell, J C" sort="Rothwell, J C" uniqKey="Rothwell J" first="J. C." last="Rothwell">J. C. Rothwell</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno>
<idno type="RBID">ISTEX:6BCAC4DB9C96BA0B9E9CC4B7E4AE2645210E9C51</idno>
<date when="1999" year="1999">1999</date>
<idno type="doi">10.1002/1531-8249(199904)45:4<473::AID-ANA9>3.0.CO;2-V</idno>
<idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/6BCAC4DB9C96BA0B9E9CC4B7E4AE2645210E9C51/fulltext/pdf</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001775</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001775</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Impact of deep brain stimulation on upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brown, R G" sort="Brown, R G" uniqKey="Brown R" first="R. G." last="Brown">R. G. Brown</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Limousin Dowsey, P" sort="Limousin Dowsey, P" uniqKey="Limousin Dowsey P" first="P." last="Limousin Dowsey">P. Limousin Dowsey</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brown, P" sort="Brown, P" uniqKey="Brown P" first="P." last="Brown">P. Brown</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jahanshahi, M" sort="Jahanshahi, M" uniqKey="Jahanshahi M" first="M." last="Jahanshahi">M. Jahanshahi</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pollak, P" sort="Pollak, P" uniqKey="Pollak P" first="P." last="Pollak">P. Pollak</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Benabid, A L" sort="Benabid, A L" uniqKey="Benabid A" first="A. L." last="Benabid">A. L. Benabid</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rodriguez Roz, M C" sort="Rodriguez Roz, M C" uniqKey="Rodriguez Roz M" first="M. C." last="Rodriguez-Oroz">M. C. Rodriguez-Oroz</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Clinica Quiron, San Sebastian, Spain</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Obeso, J" sort="Obeso, J" uniqKey="Obeso J" first="J." last="Obeso">J. Obeso</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Clinica Quiron, San Sebastian, Spain</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rothwell, J C" sort="Rothwell, J C" uniqKey="Rothwell J" first="J. C." last="Rothwell">J. C. Rothwell</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr></monogr>
<series>
<title level="j">Annals of Neurology</title>
<title level="j" type="sub">Official Journal of the American Neurological Association and the Child Neurology Society</title>
<title level="j" type="abbrev">Ann Neurol.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0364-5134</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1531-8249</idno>
<imprint>
<publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</publisher>
<pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
<date type="published" when="1999-04">1999-04</date>
<biblScope unit="volume">45</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="473">473</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="488">488</biblScope>
</imprint>
<idno type="ISSN">0364-5134</idno>
</series>
<idno type="istex">6BCAC4DB9C96BA0B9E9CC4B7E4AE2645210E9C51</idno>
<idno type="DOI">10.1002/1531-8249(199904)45:4<473::AID-ANA9>3.0.CO;2-V</idno>
<idno type="ArticleID">ANA9</idno>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt>
<idno type="ISSN">0364-5134</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
<langUsage>
<language ident="en">en</language>
</langUsage>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Recent pathophysiological models of Parkinson's disease have led to new surgical approaches to treatment including deep brain stimulation (DBS) and lesioning of basal ganglia structures. Various measures of upper limb akinesia were assessed in 6 patients with bilateral DBS of the internal pallidum and 6 with DBS of the subthalamic nucleus. Stimulation improved a number of aspects of motor function, and particularly movement time, and force production. Time to initiate movements, and to perform repetitive movements also improved but less dramatically. Processes indicating preparatory motor processes showed no significant change. Few significant differences were found between the internal pallidum and subthalamic nucleus groups. In general, the effects of DBS closely parallel previous reports of the effects of dopaminergic medication. It is suggested that disrupted pallidal output in Parkinson's disease interferes with the rate, level, and coordination of force production but has little effect on preparatory processes. The similarity of the effects of subthalamic nucleus and internal pallidum stimulation suggests this disrupted outflow is the most important determinant of upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease. The effects of DBS were similar to the effects of unilateral pallidal lesions reported elsewhere. Ann Neurol 1999;45:473–488</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<istex>
<corpusName>wiley</corpusName>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>R. G. Brown PhD</name>
<affiliations>
<json:string>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</json:string>
<json:string>Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>P. Limousin Dowsey MD</name>
<affiliations>
<json:string>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</json:string>
<json:string>Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>P. Brown PhD</name>
<affiliations>
<json:string>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>M. Jahanshahi PhD</name>
<affiliations>
<json:string>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>P. Pollak MD</name>
<affiliations>
<json:string>Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>A. L. Benabid MD</name>
<affiliations>
<json:string>Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>M. C. Rodriguez‐Oroz MD</name>
<affiliations>
<json:string>Clinica Quiron, San Sebastian, Spain</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>J. Obeso MD</name>
<affiliations>
<json:string>Clinica Quiron, San Sebastian, Spain</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>J. C. Rothwell PhD</name>
<affiliations>
<json:string>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
</author>
<articleId>
<json:string>ANA9</json:string>
</articleId>
<language>
<json:string>eng</json:string>
</language>
<originalGenre>
<json:string>article</json:string>
</originalGenre>
<abstract>Recent pathophysiological models of Parkinson's disease have led to new surgical approaches to treatment including deep brain stimulation (DBS) and lesioning of basal ganglia structures. Various measures of upper limb akinesia were assessed in 6 patients with bilateral DBS of the internal pallidum and 6 with DBS of the subthalamic nucleus. Stimulation improved a number of aspects of motor function, and particularly movement time, and force production. Time to initiate movements, and to perform repetitive movements also improved but less dramatically. Processes indicating preparatory motor processes showed no significant change. Few significant differences were found between the internal pallidum and subthalamic nucleus groups. In general, the effects of DBS closely parallel previous reports of the effects of dopaminergic medication. It is suggested that disrupted pallidal output in Parkinson's disease interferes with the rate, level, and coordination of force production but has little effect on preparatory processes. The similarity of the effects of subthalamic nucleus and internal pallidum stimulation suggests this disrupted outflow is the most important determinant of upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease. The effects of DBS were similar to the effects of unilateral pallidal lesions reported elsewhere. Ann Neurol 1999;45:473–488</abstract>
<qualityIndicators>
<score>7.304</score>
<pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion>
<pdfPageSize>605 x 786 pts</pdfPageSize>
<refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative>
<abstractCharCount>1357</abstractCharCount>
<pdfWordCount>10459</pdfWordCount>
<pdfCharCount>65422</pdfCharCount>
<pdfPageCount>16</pdfPageCount>
<abstractWordCount>192</abstractWordCount>
</qualityIndicators>
<title>Impact of deep brain stimulation on upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease</title>
<refBibs>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>R Benecke</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JC Rothwell</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JP Dick</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>109</volume>
<pages>
<last>757</last>
<first>739</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Brain</title>
</host>
<title>Performance of simultaneous movements in patients with Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>R Benecke</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JC Rothwell</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JP Dick</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>110</volume>
<pages>
<last>379</last>
<first>361</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Brain</title>
</host>
<title>Disturbance of sequential movements in patients with Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>N Yanagisawa</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>S Fujimoto</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>F Tamaru</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>29</volume>
<pages>
<last>28</last>
<first>19</first>
</pages>
<issue>Suppl 1</issue>
<author></author>
<title>Eur Neurol</title>
</host>
<title>Bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease: disorders of onset and execution of fast movement</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>CA Bloxham</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>DJ Dick</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>M Moore</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>50</volume>
<pages>
<last>1183</last>
<first>1178</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title>
</host>
<title>Reaction times and attention in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>M Jahanshahi</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>RG Brown</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>CD Marsden</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>115</volume>
<pages>
<last>564</last>
<first>539</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Brain</title>
</host>
<title>Simple and choice reaction time and the use of advance information for motor preparation in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>RG Brown</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>M Jahanshahi</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>CD Marsden</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>116</volume>
<pages>
<last>885</last>
<first>869</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Brain</title>
</host>
<title>Response choice in Parkinson's disease. The effects of uncertainty and stimulus–response compatibility</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>SL Pullman</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>RL Watts</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JL Juncos</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>38</volume>
<pages>
<last>254</last>
<first>249</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Neurology</title>
</host>
<title>Dopaminergic effects on simple and choice reaction time performance in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>CA Bloxham</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>TA Mindel</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>CD Frith</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>107</volume>
<pages>
<last>384</last>
<first>371</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Brain</title>
</host>
<title>Initiation and execution of predictable and unpredictable movements in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>RG Brown</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>M Jahanshahi</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>64</volume>
<pages>
<last>816</last>
<first>813</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title>
</host>
<title>An unusual enhancement of motor performance during bimanual movement in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>M Jahanshahi</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>IH Jenkins</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>RG Brown</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>118</volume>
<pages>
<last>933</last>
<first>913</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Brain</title>
</host>
<title>Self‐initiated versus externally triggered movements. I. An investigation using measurement of regional cerebral blood flow with PET and movement related potentials in normal and Parkinson's disease subjects</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>DM Corcos</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>CM Chen</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>NP Quinn</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>39</volume>
<pages>
<last>88</last>
<first>79</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Ann Neurol</title>
</host>
<title>Strength in Parkinson's disease: relationship to rate of force generation and clinical status</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>P Brown</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>DM Corcos</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JC Rothwell</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>120</volume>
<pages>
<last>408</last>
<first>401</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Brain</title>
</host>
<title>Does parkinsonian action tremor contribute to muscle weakness in Parkinson's disease?</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>JC Rothwell</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JA Obeso</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>MM Traub</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>46</volume>
<pages>
<last>44</last>
<first>35</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title>
</host>
<title>The behaviour of the long‐latency stretch reflex in patients with Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>RG Lee</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>29</volume>
<pages>
<last>18</last>
<first>13</first>
</pages>
<issue>Suppl 1</issue>
<author></author>
<title>Eur Neurol</title>
</host>
<title>Pathophysiology of rigidity and akinesia in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>FW Cody</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>N MacDermott</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>PB Matthews</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>109</volume>
<pages>
<last>249</last>
<first>229</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Brain</title>
</host>
<title>Observations on the genesis of the stretch reflex in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>M Keidel</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>W Klein</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>A Struppler</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>4</volume>
<pages>
<last>114</last>
<first>103</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Psychophysiol</title>
</host>
<title>Stretch reflex modification by subthalamotomy: a follow‐up study in parkinsonian patients</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>MV Johnson</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>A Mendez</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>AN Kipnis</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>117</volume>
<pages>
<last>1422</last>
<first>1409</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Brain</title>
</host>
<title>Acute effects of levodopa on wrist movement in Parkinson's disease. Kinematics, volitional EMG modulation and reflex amplitude modulation</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>T Murofushi</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>M Yamane</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>R Osanai</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>54</volume>
<pages>
<last>258</last>
<first>255</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec</title>
</host>
<title>Stapedial reflex in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>T Wichmann</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>MR DeLong</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>6</volume>
<pages>
<last>758</last>
<first>751</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Curr Opin Neurobiol</title>
</host>
<title>Functional and pathophysiological models of the basal ganglia</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>H Bergman</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>T Wichmann</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>MR DeLong</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>249</volume>
<pages>
<last>1438</last>
<first>1436</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Science</title>
</host>
<title>Reversal of experimental parkinsonism by lesions of the subthalamic nucleus</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>TZ Aziz</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>D Peggs</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>MA Sambrook</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>6</volume>
<pages>
<last>292</last>
<first>288</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Mov Disord</title>
</host>
<title>Lesion of the subthalamic nucleus for the alleviation of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐induced parkinsonism in the primate</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>WD Hutchison</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>AM Lozano</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>KD Davis</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>5</volume>
<pages>
<last>1537</last>
<first>1533</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Neuroreport</title>
</host>
<title>Differential neuronal activity in segments of globus pallidus in Parkinson's disease patients</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>ED Playford</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>IH Jenkins</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>RE Passingham</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>32</volume>
<pages>
<last>161</last>
<first>151</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Ann Neurol</title>
</host>
<title>Impaired mesial frontal and putamen activation in Parkinson's disease: a positron emission tomography study</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>GE Alexander</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>11</volume>
<pages>
<last>431</last>
<first>420</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Clin Neurophysiol</title>
</host>
<title>Basal ganglia‐thalamocortical circuits: their role in control of movements</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>IH Jenkins</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>W Fernandez</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>ED Playford</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>32</volume>
<pages>
<last>757</last>
<first>749</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Ann Neurol</title>
</host>
<title>Impaired activation of the Supplementary motor area in Parkinson's disease is reversed when akinesia is treated with apomorphine</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>AM Lozano</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>AE Lang</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>N Galvez Jimenez</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>346</volume>
<pages>
<last>1387</last>
<first>1383</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Lancet</title>
</host>
<title>Effect of GPi pallidotomy on motor function in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>MS Baron</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JL Vitek</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>RA Bakay</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>40</volume>
<pages>
<last>366</last>
<first>355</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Ann Neurol</title>
</host>
<title>Treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease by posterior GPi pallidotomy: 1‐year results of a pilot study</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>M Samuel</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>E Caputo</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>DJ Brooks</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>16</volume>
<pages>
<last>75</last>
<first>59</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Brain</title>
</host>
<title>A study of medial pallidotomy for Parkinson's disease: clinical outcome, MRI location and complications</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>P Limousin</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>P Pollak</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>A Benazzouz</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>10</volume>
<pages>
<last>674</last>
<first>672</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Mov Disord</title>
</host>
<title>Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation for severe Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>P Pollak</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>AL Benabid</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>P Limousin</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>69</volume>
<pages>
<last>594</last>
<first>591</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Adv Neurol</title>
</host>
<title>Subthalamic nucleus stimulation alleviates akinesia and rigidity in parkinsonian patients</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>CD Marsden</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JA Obeso</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>117</volume>
<pages>
<last>897</last>
<first>877</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Brain</title>
</host>
<title>The functions of the basal ganglia and the paradox of stereotaxic surgery in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>P Limousin</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>RG Brown</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>M Jahanshahi</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>122</volume>
<pages>
<last>327</last>
<first>315</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Brain</title>
</host>
<title>The effects of posteroventral pallidotomy on the preparation and execution of voluntary hand and arm movements in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>AL Benabid</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>P Pollak</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>C Gross</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>62</volume>
<pages>
<last>84</last>
<first>76</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Stereotact Funct Neurosurg</title>
</host>
<title>Acute and long‐term effects of subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>MM Hoehn</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>MD Yahr</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>17</volume>
<pages>
<last>442</last>
<first>427</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Neurology</title>
</host>
<title>Parkinsonism: onset progression and mortality</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<host>
<author></author>
<title>Purdue Research Foundation. Examination manual for the Purdue Pegboard. Chicago, IL: Science Research Associates, 1997</title>
</host>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<host>
<author></author>
<title>SPSS. SPSS for Windows (version 7.5.1). Chicago: SPSS, 1996</title>
</host>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>S Fahn</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>RL Elton</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name> </name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<pages>
<last>164</last>
<first>153</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Recent developments in Parkinson's disease</title>
</host>
<title>Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>P Krack</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>P Pollak</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>P Limousin</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>350</volume>
<pages>
<first>1675</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Lancet</title>
</host>
<title>Stimulation of subthalamic nucleus alleviates tremor in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>P Krack</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>P Pollak</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>P Limousin</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>43</volume>
<pages>
<last>192</last>
<first>180</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Ann Neurol</title>
</host>
<title>Opposite motor effects of pallidal stimulation in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>M Jahanshahi</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>RG Brown</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>CD Marsden</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>55</volume>
<pages>
<last>1176</last>
<first>1168</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title>
</host>
<title>The effect of withdrawal of dopaminergic medication on simple and choice reaction time and the use of advance information in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>KM Heilman</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>D Bowers</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>RT Watson</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>33</volume>
<pages>
<last>140</last>
<first>139</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Arch Neurol</title>
</host>
<title>Reaction times in Parkinson disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>C Baunez</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>A Nieoullon</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>M Amalric</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>15</volume>
<pages>
<last>6541</last>
<first>6531</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Neurosci</title>
</host>
<title>In a rat model of parkinsonism, lesions of the subthalamic nucleus reverse increases of reaction time but induce a dramatic premature responding deficit</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>M Jahanshahi</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>RG Brown</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>CD Marsden</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>56</volume>
<pages>
<last>1177</last>
<first>1169</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title>
</host>
<title>A comparative study of simple and choice reaction time in Parkinson's, Huntington's and cerebellar disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>T Touge</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>KJ Werhahn</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JC Rothwell</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>37</volume>
<pages>
<last>799</last>
<first>791</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Ann Neurol</title>
</host>
<title>Movement‐related cortical potentials preceding repetitive and random‐choice hand movements in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>JA Simpson</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>AJ Khuraibet</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>50</volume>
<pages>
<last>1191</last>
<first>1184</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title>
</host>
<title>Readiness potential of cortical area 6 preceding self paced movement in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>JP Dick</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JC Rothwell</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>BL Day</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>112</volume>
<pages>
<last>244</last>
<first>233</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Brain</title>
</host>
<title>The Bereitschaftspotential is abnormal in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>H Oki</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>K Matsumoto</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>J Okada</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>54–55</volume>
<pages>
<last>206</last>
<first>193</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Stereotact Funct Neurosurg</title>
</host>
<title>Analysis of premovement components of movement‐related cortical potentials in patients with Parkinson's disease or brain tumors</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>P Praamstra</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>AR Cools</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>DF Stegeman</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>140</volume>
<pages>
<last>74</last>
<first>67</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Neurol Sci</title>
</host>
<title>Movement‐related potential measures of different modes of movement selection in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>N Shimizu</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>R Okiyama</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>60</volume>
<pages>
<last>402</last>
<first>398</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Adv Neurol</title>
</host>
<title>Bereitschaftspotential preceding voluntary saccades is abnormal in patients with Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>M Vidailhet</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>F Stocchi</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JC Rothwell</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>43</volume>
<pages>
<last>1788</last>
<first>1784</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Neurology</title>
</host>
<title>The Bereitschaftspotential preceding simple foot movement and initiation of gait in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>JP Dick</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>R Cantello</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>O Buruma</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>66</volume>
<pages>
<last>274</last>
<first>263</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol</title>
</host>
<title>The Bereitschaftspotential, L‐DOPA and Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>AP Feve</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>N Bathien</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>P Rondot</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>15</volume>
<pages>
<last>108</last>
<first>100</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Clin Neuropharmacol</title>
</host>
<title>Chronic administration of L‐dopa affects the movement‐related cortical potentials of patients with Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>M Zappia</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>R Montesanti</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>R Colao</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>241</volume>
<pages>
<last>550</last>
<first>543</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Neurol</title>
</host>
<title>Usefulness of movement time in the assessment of Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>EB Montgomery Jr</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>J Nuessen</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>40</volume>
<pages>
<last>272</last>
<first>269</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Neurology</title>
</host>
<title>The movement speed/accuracy operator in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>VJ Brown</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>U Schwarz</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>EM Bowman</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>31</volume>
<pages>
<last>469</last>
<first>459</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Neuropsychologia</title>
</host>
<title>Dopamine dependent reaction time deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease are task specific</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>F Velasco</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>M Velasco</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>12</volume>
<pages>
<last>99</last>
<first>89</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Neuropharmacology</title>
</host>
<title>A quantitative evaluation of the effects of L‐dopa on Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>SL Pullman</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>RL Watts</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JL Juncos</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>53</volume>
<pages>
<last>283</last>
<first>279</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title>
</host>
<title>Movement amplitude choice reaction time performance in Parkinson's disease may be independent of dopaminergic status</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>A Baroni</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>F Benvenuti</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>L Fantini</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>34</volume>
<pages>
<last>876</last>
<first>868</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Neurology</title>
</host>
<title>Human ballistic arm abduction movements: effects of L‐dopa treatment in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>JM Gibson</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>R Pimlott</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>C Kennard</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>50</volume>
<pages>
<last>860</last>
<first>853</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title>
</host>
<title>Ocular motor and manual tracking in Parkinson's disease and the effect of treatment</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>MR Sheridan</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>KA Flowers</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>113</volume>
<pages>
<last>1161</last>
<first>1149</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Brain</title>
</host>
<title>Movement variability and bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>MR Sheridan</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>KA Flowers</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>J Hurrell</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>110</volume>
<pages>
<last>1271</last>
<first>1247</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Brain</title>
</host>
<title>Programming and execution of movement in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>GE Stelmach</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>N Teasdale</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>J Phillips</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>76</volume>
<pages>
<last>172</last>
<first>165</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Exp Brain Res</title>
</host>
<title>Force production characteristics in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>MM Wierzbicka</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>AW Wiegner</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>EL Logigian</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>54</volume>
<pages>
<last>216</last>
<first>210</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title>
</host>
<title>Abnormal most‐rapid isometric contractions in patients with Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>A Berardelli</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JP Dick</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JC Rothwell</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>49</volume>
<pages>
<last>1279</last>
<first>1273</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title>
</host>
<title>Scaling of the size of the first agonist EMG burst during rapid wrist movements in patients with Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>R Benecke</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JC Rothwell</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JP Dick</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>50</volume>
<pages>
<last>303</last>
<first>296</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title>
</host>
<title>Simple and complex movements off and on treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>R Benecke</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JC Rothwell</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>BL Day</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>63</volume>
<pages>
<last>595</last>
<first>585</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Exp Brain Res</title>
</host>
<title>Motor strategies involved in the performance of sequential movements</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>GE Stelmach</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>N Teasdale</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>J Phillips</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>11</volume>
<pages>
<last>45</last>
<first>37</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Hum Mov Sci</title>
</host>
<title>Response initiation delays in Parkinson's disease patients</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>AM Wing</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>26</volume>
<pages>
<last>482</last>
<first>479</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Neuropsychologia</title>
</host>
<title>A comparison of the rate of pinch grip force increases and decreases in parkinsonian bradykinesia</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>GE Stelmach</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>CJ Worringham</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>26</volume>
<pages>
<last>103</last>
<first>93</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Neuropsychologia</title>
</host>
<title>The preparation and production of isometric force in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>C Tomberg</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>H Levarlet Joye</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JE Desmedt</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>81</volume>
<pages>
<last>278</last>
<first>269</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol</title>
</host>
<title>Reaction times recording methods: reliability and EMG analysis of patterns of motor commands</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>R Agostino</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>A Berardelli</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>A Formica</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>9</volume>
<pages>
<last>314</last>
<first>311</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Mov Disord</title>
</host>
<title>Analysis of repetitive and nonrepetitive sequential arm movements in patients with Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>MJ Meier</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>WE Martin</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>1</volume>
<pages>
<last>353</last>
<first>352</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Lancet</title>
</host>
<title>Measurement of behavioural changes in patients on L‐dopa</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>AJ Hughes</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JP Frankel</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>PA Kempster</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>57</volume>
<pages>
<last>434</last>
<first>430</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title>
</host>
<title>Motor response to levodopa in patients with parkinsonian motor fluctuations: a follow‐up study over three years</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>P Limousin</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>P Pollak</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>A Benazzouz</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>345</volume>
<pages>
<last>95</last>
<first>91</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Lancet</title>
</host>
<title>Effect of parkinsonian signs and symptoms of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>N Jordan</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>HJ Sagar</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>JA Cooper</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>55</volume>
<pages>
<last>576</last>
<first>572</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title>
</host>
<title>A component analysis of the generation and release of isometric force in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>GE Stelmach</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>A Garcia Colera</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>ZE Martin</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>236</volume>
<pages>
<last>410</last>
<first>406</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>J Neurol</title>
</host>
<title>Force transition control within a movement sequence in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>E Kunesch</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>A Schnitzler</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>C Tyercha</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>67</volume>
<pages>
<last>49</last>
<first>43</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Behav Brain Res</title>
</host>
<title>Altered force release control in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>P Limousin</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>J Greene</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>P Pollak</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>42</volume>
<pages>
<last>291</last>
<first>283</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Ann Neurol</title>
</host>
<title>Changes in cerebral activity pattern due to subthalamic nucleus or internal pallidum stimulation in Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>M Samuel</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>BA Ceballos</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>N Turjanski</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>120</volume>
<pages>
<last>1313</last>
<first>1301</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Brain</title>
</host>
<title>Pallidotomy in Parkinson's disease increases Supplementary motor area and prefrontal activation during performance of volitional movements an H2(15)O PET study</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>KD Davis</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>E Taub</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>S Houle</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>3</volume>
<pages>
<last>674</last>
<first>671</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Nat Med</title>
</host>
<title>Globus pallidus stimulation activates the cortical motor system during alleviation of parkinsonian symptoms</title>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>P Krack</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>P Pollak</name>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>P Limousin</name>
</json:item>
</author>
<host>
<volume>121</volume>
<pages>
<last>457</last>
<first>451</first>
</pages>
<author></author>
<title>Brain</title>
</host>
<title>Subthalamic nucleus or internal pallidum stimulation in young onset Parkinson's disease</title>
</json:item>
</refBibs>
<genre>
<json:string>article</json:string>
</genre>
<host>
<volume>45</volume>
<publisherId>
<json:string>ANA</json:string>
</publisherId>
<pages>
<total>16</total>
<last>488</last>
<first>473</first>
</pages>
<issn>
<json:string>0364-5134</json:string>
</issn>
<issue>4</issue>
<subject>
<json:item>
<value>Original Article</value>
</json:item>
</subject>
<genre>
<json:string>journal</json:string>
</genre>
<language>
<json:string>unknown</json:string>
</language>
<eissn>
<json:string>1531-8249</json:string>
</eissn>
<title>Annals of Neurology</title>
<doi>
<json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8249</json:string>
</doi>
</host>
<categories>
<wos>
<json:string>science</json:string>
<json:string>neurosciences</json:string>
<json:string>clinical neurology</json:string>
</wos>
<scienceMetrix>
<json:string>health sciences</json:string>
<json:string>clinical medicine</json:string>
<json:string>neurology & neurosurgery</json:string>
</scienceMetrix>
</categories>
<publicationDate>1999</publicationDate>
<copyrightDate>1999</copyrightDate>
<doi>
<json:string>10.1002/1531-8249(199904)45:4>473::AID-ANA9>3.0.CO;2-V</json:string>
</doi>
<id>6BCAC4DB9C96BA0B9E9CC4B7E4AE2645210E9C51</id>
<score>0.1421345</score>
<fulltext>
<json:item>
<extension>pdf</extension>
<original>true</original>
<mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/6BCAC4DB9C96BA0B9E9CC4B7E4AE2645210E9C51/fulltext/pdf</uri>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<extension>zip</extension>
<original>false</original>
<mimetype>application/zip</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/6BCAC4DB9C96BA0B9E9CC4B7E4AE2645210E9C51/fulltext/zip</uri>
</json:item>
<istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/6BCAC4DB9C96BA0B9E9CC4B7E4AE2645210E9C51/fulltext/tei">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Impact of deep brain stimulation on upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease</title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<authority>ISTEX</authority>
<publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</publisher>
<pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
<availability>
<p>Copyright © 1999 American Neurological Association</p>
</availability>
<date>1999</date>
</publicationStmt>
<notesStmt>
<note>Fondation Gustave Prévot (France)</note>
<note>Medtronic</note>
<note>National Parkinson Foundation (Miami, FL)</note>
<note>Wellcome Trust (UK)</note>
</notesStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct type="inbook">
<analytic>
<title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Impact of deep brain stimulation on upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease</title>
<author xml:id="author-1">
<persName>
<forename type="first">R. G.</forename>
<surname>Brown</surname>
</persName>
<roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName>
<affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</affiliation>
<affiliation>Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-2">
<persName>
<forename type="first">P.</forename>
<surname>Limousin Dowsey</surname>
</persName>
<roleName type="degree">MD</roleName>
<affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</affiliation>
<affiliation>Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-3">
<persName>
<forename type="first">P.</forename>
<surname>Brown</surname>
</persName>
<roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName>
<affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-4">
<persName>
<forename type="first">M.</forename>
<surname>Jahanshahi</surname>
</persName>
<roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName>
<affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-5">
<persName>
<forename type="first">P.</forename>
<surname>Pollak</surname>
</persName>
<roleName type="degree">MD</roleName>
<affiliation>Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-6">
<persName>
<forename type="first">A. L.</forename>
<surname>Benabid</surname>
</persName>
<roleName type="degree">MD</roleName>
<affiliation>Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-7">
<persName>
<forename type="first">M. C.</forename>
<surname>Rodriguez‐Oroz</surname>
</persName>
<roleName type="degree">MD</roleName>
<affiliation>Clinica Quiron, San Sebastian, Spain</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-8">
<persName>
<forename type="first">J.</forename>
<surname>Obeso</surname>
</persName>
<roleName type="degree">MD</roleName>
<affiliation>Clinica Quiron, San Sebastian, Spain</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-9">
<persName>
<forename type="first">J. C.</forename>
<surname>Rothwell</surname>
</persName>
<roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName>
<affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr>
<title level="j">Annals of Neurology</title>
<title level="j" type="sub">Official Journal of the American Neurological Association and the Child Neurology Society</title>
<title level="j" type="abbrev">Ann Neurol.</title>
<idno type="pISSN">0364-5134</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1531-8249</idno>
<idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8249</idno>
<imprint>
<publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</publisher>
<pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
<date type="published" when="1999-04"></date>
<biblScope unit="volume">45</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="473">473</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="488">488</biblScope>
</imprint>
</monogr>
<idno type="istex">6BCAC4DB9C96BA0B9E9CC4B7E4AE2645210E9C51</idno>
<idno type="DOI">10.1002/1531-8249(199904)45:4<473::AID-ANA9>3.0.CO;2-V</idno>
<idno type="ArticleID">ANA9</idno>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<creation>
<date>1999</date>
</creation>
<langUsage>
<language ident="en">en</language>
</langUsage>
<abstract xml:lang="en">
<p>Recent pathophysiological models of Parkinson's disease have led to new surgical approaches to treatment including deep brain stimulation (DBS) and lesioning of basal ganglia structures. Various measures of upper limb akinesia were assessed in 6 patients with bilateral DBS of the internal pallidum and 6 with DBS of the subthalamic nucleus. Stimulation improved a number of aspects of motor function, and particularly movement time, and force production. Time to initiate movements, and to perform repetitive movements also improved but less dramatically. Processes indicating preparatory motor processes showed no significant change. Few significant differences were found between the internal pallidum and subthalamic nucleus groups. In general, the effects of DBS closely parallel previous reports of the effects of dopaminergic medication. It is suggested that disrupted pallidal output in Parkinson's disease interferes with the rate, level, and coordination of force production but has little effect on preparatory processes. The similarity of the effects of subthalamic nucleus and internal pallidum stimulation suggests this disrupted outflow is the most important determinant of upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease. The effects of DBS were similar to the effects of unilateral pallidal lesions reported elsewhere. Ann Neurol 1999;45:473–488</p>
</abstract>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="Journal Subject">
<list>
<head>article-category</head>
<item>
<term>Original Article</term>
</item>
</list>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
<revisionDesc>
<change when="1998-10-13">Received</change>
<change when="1998-12-09">Registration</change>
<change when="1999-04">Published</change>
</revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>
</istex:fulltextTEI>
<json:item>
<extension>txt</extension>
<original>false</original>
<mimetype>text/plain</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/6BCAC4DB9C96BA0B9E9CC4B7E4AE2645210E9C51/fulltext/txt</uri>
</json:item>
</fulltext>
<metadata>
<istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body">
<istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration>
<istex:document>
<component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en">
<header>
<publicationMeta level="product">
<publisherInfo>
<publisherName>John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</publisherName>
<publisherLoc>New York</publisherLoc>
</publisherInfo>
<doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8249</doi>
<issn type="print">0364-5134</issn>
<issn type="electronic">1531-8249</issn>
<idGroup>
<id type="product" value="ANA"></id>
</idGroup>
<titleGroup>
<title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY">Annals of Neurology</title>
<title type="subtitle">Official Journal of the American Neurological Association and the Child Neurology Society</title>
<title type="short">Ann Neurol.</title>
</titleGroup>
</publicationMeta>
<publicationMeta level="part" position="40">
<doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/1531-8249(199904)45:4<>1.0.CO;2-B</doi>
<numberingGroup>
<numbering type="journalVolume" number="45">45</numbering>
<numbering type="journalIssue">4</numbering>
</numberingGroup>
<coverDate startDate="1999-04">April 1999</coverDate>
</publicationMeta>
<publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="9" status="forIssue">
<doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/1531-8249(199904)45:4<473::AID-ANA9>3.0.CO;2-V</doi>
<idGroup>
<id type="unit" value="ANA9"></id>
</idGroup>
<countGroup>
<count type="pageTotal" number="16"></count>
</countGroup>
<titleGroup>
<title type="articleCategory">Original Article</title>
<title type="tocHeading1">Original Articles</title>
</titleGroup>
<copyright ownership="thirdParty">Copyright © 1999 American Neurological Association</copyright>
<eventGroup>
<event type="manuscriptReceived" date="1998-10-13"></event>
<event type="manuscriptRevised" date="1998-12-09"></event>
<event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="1998-12-09"></event>
<event type="firstOnline" date="2001-05-31"></event>
<event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2001-05-31"></event>
<event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.3.1 mode:FullText source:HeaderRef result:HeaderRef" date="2010-02-23"></event>
<event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-03"></event>
<event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-14"></event>
</eventGroup>
<numberingGroup>
<numbering type="pageFirst">473</numbering>
<numbering type="pageLast">488</numbering>
</numberingGroup>
<correspondenceTo>Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK</correspondenceTo>
<linkGroup>
<link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:ANA.ANA9.pdf"></link>
</linkGroup>
</publicationMeta>
<contentMeta>
<countGroup>
<count type="figureTotal" number="5"></count>
<count type="tableTotal" number="7"></count>
<count type="referenceTotal" number="81"></count>
<count type="wordTotal" number="12607"></count>
</countGroup>
<titleGroup>
<title type="main" xml:lang="en">Impact of deep brain stimulation on upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease</title>
<title type="short" xml:lang="en">Deep Brain Stimulation and Akinesia</title>
</titleGroup>
<creators>
<creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" corresponding="yes">
<personName>
<givenNames>R. G.</givenNames>
<familyName>Brown</familyName>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2">
<personName>
<givenNames>P.</givenNames>
<familyName>Limousin Dowsey</familyName>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1">
<personName>
<givenNames>P.</givenNames>
<familyName>Brown</familyName>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1">
<personName>
<givenNames>M.</givenNames>
<familyName>Jahanshahi</familyName>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2">
<personName>
<givenNames>P.</givenNames>
<familyName>Pollak</familyName>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2">
<personName>
<givenNames>A. L.</givenNames>
<familyName>Benabid</familyName>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="au7" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3">
<personName>
<givenNames>M. C.</givenNames>
<familyName>Rodriguez‐Oroz</familyName>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="au8" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3">
<personName>
<givenNames>J.</givenNames>
<familyName>Obeso</familyName>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="au9" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1">
<personName>
<givenNames>J. C.</givenNames>
<familyName>Rothwell</familyName>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
</personName>
</creator>
</creators>
<affiliationGroup>
<affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="GB" type="organization">
<unparsedAffiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</unparsedAffiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="FR" type="organization">
<unparsedAffiliation>Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France</unparsedAffiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="ES" type="organization">
<unparsedAffiliation>Clinica Quiron, San Sebastian, Spain</unparsedAffiliation>
</affiliation>
</affiliationGroup>
<fundingInfo>
<fundingAgency>Fondation Gustave Prévot (France)</fundingAgency>
</fundingInfo>
<fundingInfo>
<fundingAgency>Medtronic</fundingAgency>
</fundingInfo>
<fundingInfo>
<fundingAgency>National Parkinson Foundation (Miami, FL)</fundingAgency>
</fundingInfo>
<fundingInfo>
<fundingAgency>Wellcome Trust (UK)</fundingAgency>
</fundingInfo>
<abstractGroup>
<abstract type="main" xml:lang="en">
<title type="main">Abstract</title>
<p>Recent pathophysiological models of Parkinson's disease have led to new surgical approaches to treatment including deep brain stimulation (DBS) and lesioning of basal ganglia structures. Various measures of upper limb akinesia were assessed in 6 patients with bilateral DBS of the internal pallidum and 6 with DBS of the subthalamic nucleus. Stimulation improved a number of aspects of motor function, and particularly movement time, and force production. Time to initiate movements, and to perform repetitive movements also improved but less dramatically. Processes indicating preparatory motor processes showed no significant change. Few significant differences were found between the internal pallidum and subthalamic nucleus groups. In general, the effects of DBS closely parallel previous reports of the effects of dopaminergic medication. It is suggested that disrupted pallidal output in Parkinson's disease interferes with the rate, level, and coordination of force production but has little effect on preparatory processes. The similarity of the effects of subthalamic nucleus and internal pallidum stimulation suggests this disrupted outflow is the most important determinant of upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease. The effects of DBS were similar to the effects of unilateral pallidal lesions reported elsewhere. Ann Neurol 1999;45:473–488</p>
</abstract>
</abstractGroup>
</contentMeta>
</header>
</component>
</istex:document>
</istex:metadataXml>
<mods version="3.6">
<titleInfo lang="en">
<title>Impact of deep brain stimulation on upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en">
<title>Deep Brain Stimulation and Akinesia</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en">
<title>Impact of deep brain stimulation on upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">R. G.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Brown</namePart>
<namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart>
<affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</affiliation>
<affiliation>Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK</affiliation>
<role>
<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">P.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Limousin Dowsey</namePart>
<namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart>
<affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</affiliation>
<affiliation>Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France</affiliation>
<role>
<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">P.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Brown</namePart>
<namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart>
<affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</affiliation>
<role>
<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">M.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Jahanshahi</namePart>
<namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart>
<affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</affiliation>
<role>
<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">P.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Pollak</namePart>
<namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France</affiliation>
<role>
<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">A. L.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Benabid</namePart>
<namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France</affiliation>
<role>
<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">M. C.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Rodriguez‐Oroz</namePart>
<namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart>
<affiliation>Clinica Quiron, San Sebastian, Spain</affiliation>
<role>
<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">J.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Obeso</namePart>
<namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart>
<affiliation>Clinica Quiron, San Sebastian, Spain</affiliation>
<role>
<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">J. C.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Rothwell</namePart>
<namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart>
<affiliation>MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK</affiliation>
<role>
<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource>
<genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre>
<originInfo>
<publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</publisher>
<place>
<placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm>
</place>
<dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1999-04</dateIssued>
<dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">1998-10-13</dateCaptured>
<dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">1998-12-09</dateValid>
<copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1999</copyrightDate>
</originInfo>
<language>
<languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm>
<languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm>
</language>
<physicalDescription>
<internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType>
<extent unit="figures">5</extent>
<extent unit="tables">7</extent>
<extent unit="references">81</extent>
<extent unit="words">12607</extent>
</physicalDescription>
<abstract lang="en">Recent pathophysiological models of Parkinson's disease have led to new surgical approaches to treatment including deep brain stimulation (DBS) and lesioning of basal ganglia structures. Various measures of upper limb akinesia were assessed in 6 patients with bilateral DBS of the internal pallidum and 6 with DBS of the subthalamic nucleus. Stimulation improved a number of aspects of motor function, and particularly movement time, and force production. Time to initiate movements, and to perform repetitive movements also improved but less dramatically. Processes indicating preparatory motor processes showed no significant change. Few significant differences were found between the internal pallidum and subthalamic nucleus groups. In general, the effects of DBS closely parallel previous reports of the effects of dopaminergic medication. It is suggested that disrupted pallidal output in Parkinson's disease interferes with the rate, level, and coordination of force production but has little effect on preparatory processes. The similarity of the effects of subthalamic nucleus and internal pallidum stimulation suggests this disrupted outflow is the most important determinant of upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease. The effects of DBS were similar to the effects of unilateral pallidal lesions reported elsewhere. Ann Neurol 1999;45:473–488</abstract>
<note type="funding">Fondation Gustave Prévot (France)</note>
<note type="funding">Medtronic</note>
<note type="funding">National Parkinson Foundation (Miami, FL)</note>
<note type="funding">Wellcome Trust (UK)</note>
<relatedItem type="host">
<titleInfo>
<title>Annals of Neurology</title>
<subTitle>Official Journal of the American Neurological Association and the Child Neurology Society</subTitle>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="abbreviated">
<title>Ann Neurol.</title>
</titleInfo>
<genre type="journal">journal</genre>
<subject>
<genre>article-category</genre>
<topic>Original Article</topic>
</subject>
<identifier type="ISSN">0364-5134</identifier>
<identifier type="eISSN">1531-8249</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8249</identifier>
<identifier type="PublisherID">ANA</identifier>
<part>
<date>1999</date>
<detail type="volume">
<caption>vol.</caption>
<number>45</number>
</detail>
<detail type="issue">
<caption>no.</caption>
<number>4</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages">
<start>473</start>
<end>488</end>
<total>16</total>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
<identifier type="istex">6BCAC4DB9C96BA0B9E9CC4B7E4AE2645210E9C51</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1002/1531-8249(199904)45:4<473::AID-ANA9>3.0.CO;2-V</identifier>
<identifier type="ArticleID">ANA9</identifier>
<accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 1999 American Neurological Association</accessCondition>
<recordInfo>
<recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource>
<recordOrigin>John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</recordOrigin>
</recordInfo>
</mods>
</metadata>
<serie></serie>
</istex>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/ParkinsonFranceV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001775 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 001775 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Sante
   |area=    ParkinsonFranceV1
   |flux=    Istex
   |étape=   Corpus
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     ISTEX:6BCAC4DB9C96BA0B9E9CC4B7E4AE2645210E9C51
   |texte=   Impact of deep brain stimulation on upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease
}}

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.29.
Data generation: Wed May 17 19:46:39 2017. Site generation: Mon Mar 4 15:48:15 2024