Cerebrospinal fluid GABA and homocarnosine concentrations in patients with Friedreich's ataxia, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's chorea
Identifieur interne : 000550 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000549; suivant : 000551Cerebrospinal fluid GABA and homocarnosine concentrations in patients with Friedreich's ataxia, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's chorea
Auteurs : A. M. Bonnet ; A. M. Tell ; P. J. Schechter ; J. Grove ; M. H. Saint-Hilaire ; Y. De Smet ; Y. AgidSource :
- Movement Disorders [ 0885-3185 ] ; 1987.
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Abstract
Free and total γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and homocarnosine concentrations were measured in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Friedreich's ataxia, Huntington's chorea, and Parkinson's disease (with and without levodopa treatment), and compared with those determined in control subjects. Values found in Friedreich's ataxia or Parkinson's disease were not significantly different from those in controls. Unexpectedly, in Huntington patients, known to have a characteristic decrease in GABA and homocarinosine were significantly higher, whereas free GABA was not different from controls. These findings indicate that the measurement of CSF GABA and homocarnosine in patients with CNS degenerative diseases should be interpreted cautiously.
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DOI: 10.1002/mds.870020206
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ISTEX:66F2876D6D1991ED6C2B9FA029DBAD69E93542BBLe document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Cerebrospinal fluid GABA and homocarnosine concentrations in patients with Friedreich's ataxia, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's chorea</title><author><name sortKey="Bonnet, A M" sort="Bonnet, A M" uniqKey="Bonnet A" first="A. M." last="Bonnet">A. M. Bonnet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tell, A M" sort="Tell, A M" uniqKey="Tell A" first="A. M." last="Tell">A. M. Tell</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Merrel Dow Research Institute, 16 rue d'Ankara, 67084 Strasbourg, Cedex, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schechter, P J" sort="Schechter, P J" uniqKey="Schechter P" first="P. J." last="Schechter">P. J. Schechter</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grove, J" sort="Grove, J" uniqKey="Grove J" first="J." last="Grove">J. Grove</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saint Ilaire, M H" sort="Saint Ilaire, M H" uniqKey="Saint Ilaire M" first="M. H." last="Saint-Hilaire">M. H. Saint-Hilaire</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Smet, Y" sort="De Smet, Y" uniqKey="De Smet Y" first="Y." last="De Smet">Y. De Smet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agid, Y" sort="Agid, Y" uniqKey="Agid Y" first="Y." last="Agid">Y. Agid</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:66F2876D6D1991ED6C2B9FA029DBAD69E93542BB</idno><date when="1987" year="1987">1987</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/mds.870020206</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/66F2876D6D1991ED6C2B9FA029DBAD69E93542BB/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000550</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000550</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Cerebrospinal fluid GABA and homocarnosine concentrations in patients with Friedreich's ataxia, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's chorea</title><author><name sortKey="Bonnet, A M" sort="Bonnet, A M" uniqKey="Bonnet A" first="A. M." last="Bonnet">A. M. Bonnet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tell, A M" sort="Tell, A M" uniqKey="Tell A" first="A. M." last="Tell">A. M. Tell</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Merrel Dow Research Institute, 16 rue d'Ankara, 67084 Strasbourg, Cedex, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schechter, P J" sort="Schechter, P J" uniqKey="Schechter P" first="P. J." last="Schechter">P. J. Schechter</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grove, J" sort="Grove, J" uniqKey="Grove J" first="J." last="Grove">J. Grove</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saint Ilaire, M H" sort="Saint Ilaire, M H" uniqKey="Saint Ilaire M" first="M. H." last="Saint-Hilaire">M. H. Saint-Hilaire</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Smet, Y" sort="De Smet, Y" uniqKey="De Smet Y" first="Y." last="De Smet">Y. De Smet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agid, Y" sort="Agid, Y" uniqKey="Agid Y" first="Y." last="Agid">Y. Agid</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title><title level="j" type="sub">Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. Disord.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1987">1987</date><biblScope unit="volume">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="117">117</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="123">123</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></series><idno type="istex">66F2876D6D1991ED6C2B9FA029DBAD69E93542BB</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/mds.870020206</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MDS870020206</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Cerebrospinal fluid</term><term>Friedreich's ataxia</term><term>GABA</term><term>Homocarnosine</term><term>Huntington's chorea</term><term>Parkinson's disease</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Free and total γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and homocarnosine concentrations were measured in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Friedreich's ataxia, Huntington's chorea, and Parkinson's disease (with and without levodopa treatment), and compared with those determined in control subjects. Values found in Friedreich's ataxia or Parkinson's disease were not significantly different from those in controls. Unexpectedly, in Huntington patients, known to have a characteristic decrease in GABA and homocarinosine were significantly higher, whereas free GABA was not different from controls. These findings indicate that the measurement of CSF GABA and homocarnosine in patients with CNS degenerative diseases should be interpreted cautiously.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>A. M. Bonnet</name><affiliations><json:string>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Dr. Tell</name><affiliations><json:string>Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg France</json:string><json:string>Merrel Dow Research Institute, 16 rue d'Ankara, 67084 Strasbourg, Cedex, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>P. J. Schechter</name><affiliations><json:string>Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J. Grove</name><affiliations><json:string>Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. H. Saint‐Hilaire</name><affiliations><json:string>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Y. De Smet</name><affiliations><json:string>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Y. Agid</name><affiliations><json:string>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Cerebrospinal fluid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>GABA</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Homocarnosine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Friedreich's ataxia</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Huntington's chorea</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Parkinson's disease</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>MDS870020206</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Free and total γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and homocarnosine concentrations were measured in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Friedreich's ataxia, Huntington's chorea, and Parkinson's disease (with and without levodopa treatment), and compared with those determined in control subjects. Values found in Friedreich's ataxia or Parkinson's disease were not significantly different from those in controls. Unexpectedly, in Huntington patients, known to have a characteristic decrease in GABA and homocarinosine were significantly higher, whereas free GABA was not different from controls. These findings indicate that the measurement of CSF GABA and homocarnosine in patients with CNS degenerative diseases should be interpreted cautiously.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>3.81</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>504 x 737.759 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>757</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>2586</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>16424</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>7</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>102</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Cerebrospinal fluid GABA and homocarnosine concentrations in patients with Friedreich's ataxia, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's chorea</title><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>BS Glaeser</name></json:item><json:item><name>WH Vogel</name></json:item><json:item><name>DB Oleweiler</name></json:item><json:item><name>TA Hare</name></json:item></author><host><volume>12</volume><pages><last>5</last><first>380</first></pages><author></author><title>Biochem 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M.</forename><surname>Bonnet</surname></persName><affiliation>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><surname>Tell</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">Dr.</roleName><affiliation>Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg France</affiliation><affiliation>Merrel Dow Research Institute, 16 rue d'Ankara, 67084 Strasbourg, Cedex, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">P. J.</forename><surname>Schechter</surname></persName><affiliation>Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">J.</forename><surname>Grove</surname></persName><affiliation>Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">M. H.</forename><surname>Saint‐Hilaire</surname></persName><affiliation>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">Y.</forename><surname>De Smet</surname></persName><affiliation>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-7"><persName><forename type="first">Y.</forename><surname>Agid</surname></persName><affiliation>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title><title level="j" type="sub">Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. Disord.</title><idno type="pISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1987"></date><biblScope unit="volume">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="117">117</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="123">123</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">66F2876D6D1991ED6C2B9FA029DBAD69E93542BB</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/mds.870020206</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MDS870020206</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1987</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Free and total γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and homocarnosine concentrations were measured in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Friedreich's ataxia, Huntington's chorea, and Parkinson's disease (with and without levodopa treatment), and compared with those determined in control subjects. Values found in Friedreich's ataxia or Parkinson's disease were not significantly different from those in controls. Unexpectedly, in Huntington patients, known to have a characteristic decrease in GABA and homocarinosine were significantly higher, whereas free GABA was not different from controls. These findings indicate that the measurement of CSF GABA and homocarnosine in patients with CNS degenerative diseases should be interpreted cautiously.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>Cerebrospinal fluid</term></item><item><term>GABA</term></item><item><term>Homocarnosine</term></item><item><term>Friedreich's ataxia</term></item><item><term>Huntington's chorea</term></item><item><term>Parkinson's disease</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1987">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/66F2876D6D1991ED6C2B9FA029DBAD69E93542BB/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisherName><publisherLoc>Hoboken</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</doi><issn type="print">0885-3185</issn><issn type="electronic">1531-8257</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="MDS"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="MOVEMENT DISORDERS">Movement Disorders</title><title type="tocForm">Movement Disorders</title><title type="subtitle">Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><title type="short">Mov. 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M.</givenNames><familyName>Bonnet</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" corresponding="yes"><personName><honorifics>Dr.</honorifics><givenNames>G.</givenNames><familyName>Tell</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>P. J.</givenNames><familyName>Schechter</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>J.</givenNames><familyName>Grove</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>M. H.</givenNames><familyName>Saint‐Hilaire</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Y.</givenNames><familyName>De Smet</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au7" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Y.</givenNames><familyName>Agid</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">Cerebrospinal fluid</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">GABA</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">Homocarnosine</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">Friedreich's ataxia</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">Huntington's chorea</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd6">Parkinson's disease</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Free and total γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and homocarnosine concentrations were measured in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Friedreich's ataxia, Huntington's chorea, and Parkinson's disease (with and without levodopa treatment), and compared with those determined in control subjects. Values found in Friedreich's ataxia or Parkinson's disease were not significantly different from those in controls. Unexpectedly, in Huntington patients, known to have a characteristic decrease in GABA and homocarinosine were significantly higher, whereas free GABA was not different from controls. These findings indicate that the measurement of CSF GABA and homocarnosine in patients with CNS degenerative diseases should be interpreted cautiously.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Cerebrospinal fluid GABA and homocarnosine concentrations in patients with Friedreich's ataxia, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's chorea</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>FRIEDREICH'S ATAXIA, PD, AND HUNTINGTON'S CHOREA</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Cerebrospinal fluid GABA and homocarnosine concentrations in patients with Friedreich's ataxia, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's chorea</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bonnet</namePart><affiliation>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="termsOfAddress">Dr.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tell</namePart><affiliation>Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg France</affiliation><affiliation>Merrel Dow Research Institute, 16 rue d'Ankara, 67084 Strasbourg, Cedex, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Schechter</namePart><affiliation>Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Grove</namePart><affiliation>Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Saint‐Hilaire</namePart><affiliation>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">De Smet</namePart><affiliation>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Agid</namePart><affiliation>Clinique de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, INSERM (U 289), Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1987</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1987</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="tables">2</extent><extent unit="references">37</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Free and total γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and homocarnosine concentrations were measured in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Friedreich's ataxia, Huntington's chorea, and Parkinson's disease (with and without levodopa treatment), and compared with those determined in control subjects. Values found in Friedreich's ataxia or Parkinson's disease were not significantly different from those in controls. Unexpectedly, in Huntington patients, known to have a characteristic decrease in GABA and homocarinosine were significantly higher, whereas free GABA was not different from controls. These findings indicate that the measurement of CSF GABA and homocarnosine in patients with CNS degenerative diseases should be interpreted cautiously.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Cerebrospinal fluid</topic><topic>GABA</topic><topic>Homocarnosine</topic><topic>Friedreich's ataxia</topic><topic>Huntington's chorea</topic><topic>Parkinson's disease</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Movement Disorders</title><subTitle>Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society</subTitle></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Mov. 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