Non-circadian influence of light on behavior : identification of implicated structures and clinical application
Identifieur interne : 000805 ( Hal/Corpus ); précédent : 000804; suivant : 000806Non-circadian influence of light on behavior : identification of implicated structures and clinical application
Auteurs : Elisabeth RuppertSource :
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Abstract
Light influences physiology and behavior through both types of non-image-forming effects: i) indirect, synchronizing the circadian master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), ii) direct effects, independent from the circadian process though mechanisms poorly understood. Our studies in mice demonstrate that the direct influence of light constitutes a key mechanism of regulation for sleep, alertness and mood and is as important as the circadian process. The direct effects of light are mainly mediated through melanopsin, a retinal photopigment that projects to the different structures of the brain such as the SCN and the VLPO. The SCN, beyond their role as circadian clock are also a relay system for the direct effects of light. Further, we validated Arvicanthis ansorgei as a diurnal model for the study of sleep regulatory mechanisms. This is an important step in the translational approach from animal research to applications in humans. Various data suggest that the direct effects of light interact with the dopaminergic system. In the last part of this thesis, we evaluated the indication of bright light therapy in dopaminergic pathologies (Parkinson disease, restless legs syndrome, mood disorders). These advances open up new perspectives for possible applications of light therapy and may help improving societal lightening conditions.
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Our studies in mice demonstrate that the direct influence of light constitutes a key mechanism of regulation for sleep, alertness and mood and is as important as the circadian process. The direct effects of light are mainly mediated through melanopsin, a retinal photopigment that projects to the different structures of the brain such as the SCN and the VLPO. The SCN, beyond their role as circadian clock are also a relay system for the direct effects of light. Further, we validated Arvicanthis ansorgei as a diurnal model for the study of sleep regulatory mechanisms. This is an important step in the translational approach from animal research to applications in humans. Various data suggest that the direct effects of light interact with the dopaminergic system. In the last part of this thesis, we evaluated the indication of bright light therapy in dopaminergic pathologies (Parkinson disease, restless legs syndrome, mood disorders). 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Université de Strasbourg, 2014. Français. <NNT : 2014STRAJ102></idno><idno type="halRef">Neurobiologie. Université de Strasbourg, 2014. Français. <NNT : 2014STRAJ102></idno></publicationStmt><seriesStmt><idno type="stamp" n="STAR">STAR - Dépôt national des thèses électroniques</idno><idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno><idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-STRASBG">Université de Strasbourg</idno></seriesStmt><notesStmt></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Non-circadian influence of light on behavior : identification of implicated structures and clinical application</title><title xml:lang="fr">Influence non-circadienne de la lumière sur les comportements : identification des structures impliquées et application clinique</title><author role="aut"><persName><forename type="first">Elisabeth</forename><surname>Ruppert</surname></persName><idno type="halauthorid">1413995</idno><idno type="IdRef">http://www.idref.fr/139971149</idno><affiliation ref="#struct-93782"></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><idno type="nnt">2014STRAJ102</idno><imprint><date type="dateDefended">2014-11-10</date></imprint><authority type="institution">Université de Strasbourg</authority><authority type="school">École doctorale Sciences de la vie et de la santé (Strasbourg)</authority><authority type="supervisor">Patrice Bourgin</authority><authority type="jury">Isabelle Arnulf [Rapporteur]</authority><authority type="jury">Christelle Peyron [Rapporteur]</authority><authority type="jury">Marie-Paule Felder-Schmittbuhl</authority></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc><profileDesc><langUsage><language ident="fr">French</language></langUsage><textClass><keywords scheme="author"><term xml:lang="en">Sleep regulation</term><term xml:lang="en">Suprachiasmatic nucleus</term><term xml:lang="en">Restless legs syndrome</term><term xml:lang="en">Direct effect of light</term><term xml:lang="en">Melanopsin</term><term xml:lang="en">Arvicanthis ansorgei</term><term xml:lang="fr">Effets directs de la lumière</term><term xml:lang="fr">Melanopsine</term><term xml:lang="fr">Regulation du sommeil</term><term xml:lang="fr">Noyaux suprachiasmatiques</term><term xml:lang="fr">Syndrome des jambes sans repos</term></keywords><classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.neu.nb">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology</classCode><classCode scheme="halTypology" n="THESE">Theses</classCode></textClass><abstract xml:lang="en">Light influences physiology and behavior through both types of non-image-forming effects: i) indirect, synchronizing the circadian master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), ii) direct effects, independent from the circadian process though mechanisms poorly understood. Our studies in mice demonstrate that the direct influence of light constitutes a key mechanism of regulation for sleep, alertness and mood and is as important as the circadian process. The direct effects of light are mainly mediated through melanopsin, a retinal photopigment that projects to the different structures of the brain such as the SCN and the VLPO. The SCN, beyond their role as circadian clock are also a relay system for the direct effects of light. Further, we validated Arvicanthis ansorgei as a diurnal model for the study of sleep regulatory mechanisms. This is an important step in the translational approach from animal research to applications in humans. Various data suggest that the direct effects of light interact with the dopaminergic system. In the last part of this thesis, we evaluated the indication of bright light therapy in dopaminergic pathologies (Parkinson disease, restless legs syndrome, mood disorders). These advances open up new perspectives for possible applications of light therapy and may help improving societal lightening conditions.</abstract><abstract xml:lang="fr">La lumière influence fortement la physiologie et le comportement en exerçant des effets non-visuels de deux types : i) indirects, via la resynchronisation de l’horloge centrale qui est située dans les noyaux suprachiasmatiques (NSC), ii) directs, indépendants du processus circadien, via des mécanismes encore mal compris. Nos travaux chez la souris ont montré que l’influence directe de la lumière constitue un mécanisme majeur de régulation du sommeil, de l’éveil et de l’humeur, au même titre que le processus circadien. Ces effets sont majoritairement médiés par la mélanopsine, un photopigment exprimé dans la rétine, et relayés au niveau cérébral par différentes structures comme les NSCs et le VLPO. Ainsi, le rôle des NSCs ne doit pas être interprété qu’au travers de leur fonction d’horloge. Ensuite, dans une perspective de recherche translationnelle de l’animal à l’homme, nous avons validé Arvicanthis ansorgei, comme modèle d’étude du sommeil afin de pouvoir interpréter nos résultats chez un rongeur diurne. Enfin, de nombreuses données suggérant que les effets directs de la lumière modulent l’activité du système dopaminergique, nous avons évalué l’intérêt de la luminothérapie dans des pathologies dopaminergiques (maladie de Parkinson, syndrome des jambes sans repos, troubles de l’humeur). Ces avancées ouvrent de nombreuses perspectives pour une meilleure utilisation de la lumière dans notre société ainsi qu’en pathologie.</abstract></profileDesc></hal></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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