Host Immunological Factors Enhancing Mortality of Young Adults during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic.
Identifieur interne : 000607 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000606; suivant : 000608Host Immunological Factors Enhancing Mortality of Young Adults during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic.
Auteurs : Julie L. Mcauley ; Katherine Kedzierska ; Lorena E. Brown ; G Dennis ShanksSource :
- Frontiers in immunology [ 1664-3224 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
During the 1918 influenza pandemic, healthy young adults unusually succumbed to infection and were considered more vulnerable than young children and the elderly. The pathogenesis of this pandemic in the young adult population remains poorly understood. As this population is normally the least likely to die during seasonal influenza outbreaks, thought to be due to their appropriate pre-existing and robust immune responses protecting them from infection, we sought to review existing literature for immunological reasons for excessive mortality during the 1918 pandemic. We propose the novelty of the H1N1 pandemic virus to an H1N1 naïve immune system, the virulence of this virus, and dysfunctional host inflammatory and immunological responses, shaped by past influenza infections could have each contributed to their overall susceptibility. Additionally, in the young adult population, pre-exposure to past influenza infection of different subtypes, such as a H3N8 virus, during their infancy in 1889-1892, may have shaped immunological responses and enhanced vulnerability via humoral immunity effects with cross-reactive or non-neutralizing antibodies; excessive and/or ineffective cellular immunity from memory T lymphocytes; and innate dysfunctional inflammation. Multiple mechanisms likely contributed to the increased young adult mortality in 1918 and are the focus of this review.
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00419
PubMed: 26347742
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Mcauley</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne, VIC , Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kedzierska, Katherine" sort="Kedzierska, Katherine" uniqKey="Kedzierska K" first="Katherine" last="Kedzierska">Katherine Kedzierska</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne, VIC , Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Lorena E" sort="Brown, Lorena E" uniqKey="Brown L" first="Lorena E" last="Brown">Lorena E. Brown</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne, VIC , Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shanks, G Dennis" sort="Shanks, G Dennis" uniqKey="Shanks G" first="G Dennis" last="Shanks">G Dennis Shanks</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Australian Army Malaria Institute , Enoggera, QLD , Australia ; School of Population Health, University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD , Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26347742</idno><idno type="pmid">26347742</idno><idno type="doi">10.3389/fimmu.2015.00419</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000607</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000607</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Host Immunological Factors Enhancing Mortality of Young Adults during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic.</title><author><name sortKey="Mcauley, Julie L" sort="Mcauley, Julie L" uniqKey="Mcauley J" first="Julie L" last="Mcauley">Julie L. Mcauley</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne, VIC , Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kedzierska, Katherine" sort="Kedzierska, Katherine" uniqKey="Kedzierska K" first="Katherine" last="Kedzierska">Katherine Kedzierska</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne, VIC , Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Lorena E" sort="Brown, Lorena E" uniqKey="Brown L" first="Lorena E" last="Brown">Lorena E. Brown</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne, VIC , Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shanks, G Dennis" sort="Shanks, G Dennis" uniqKey="Shanks G" first="G Dennis" last="Shanks">G Dennis Shanks</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Australian Army Malaria Institute , Enoggera, QLD , Australia ; School of Population Health, University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD , Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in immunology</title><idno type="ISSN">1664-3224</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">During the 1918 influenza pandemic, healthy young adults unusually succumbed to infection and were considered more vulnerable than young children and the elderly. The pathogenesis of this pandemic in the young adult population remains poorly understood. As this population is normally the least likely to die during seasonal influenza outbreaks, thought to be due to their appropriate pre-existing and robust immune responses protecting them from infection, we sought to review existing literature for immunological reasons for excessive mortality during the 1918 pandemic. We propose the novelty of the H1N1 pandemic virus to an H1N1 naïve immune system, the virulence of this virus, and dysfunctional host inflammatory and immunological responses, shaped by past influenza infections could have each contributed to their overall susceptibility. Additionally, in the young adult population, pre-exposure to past influenza infection of different subtypes, such as a H3N8 virus, during their infancy in 1889-1892, may have shaped immunological responses and enhanced vulnerability via humoral immunity effects with cross-reactive or non-neutralizing antibodies; excessive and/or ineffective cellular immunity from memory T lymphocytes; and innate dysfunctional inflammation. Multiple mechanisms likely contributed to the increased young adult mortality in 1918 and are the focus of this review. </div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26347742</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>08</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1664-3224</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>6</Volume><PubDate><Year>2015</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Frontiers in immunology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Front Immunol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Host Immunological Factors Enhancing Mortality of Young Adults during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>419</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3389/fimmu.2015.00419</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>During the 1918 influenza pandemic, healthy young adults unusually succumbed to infection and were considered more vulnerable than young children and the elderly. The pathogenesis of this pandemic in the young adult population remains poorly understood. As this population is normally the least likely to die during seasonal influenza outbreaks, thought to be due to their appropriate pre-existing and robust immune responses protecting them from infection, we sought to review existing literature for immunological reasons for excessive mortality during the 1918 pandemic. We propose the novelty of the H1N1 pandemic virus to an H1N1 naïve immune system, the virulence of this virus, and dysfunctional host inflammatory and immunological responses, shaped by past influenza infections could have each contributed to their overall susceptibility. Additionally, in the young adult population, pre-exposure to past influenza infection of different subtypes, such as a H3N8 virus, during their infancy in 1889-1892, may have shaped immunological responses and enhanced vulnerability via humoral immunity effects with cross-reactive or non-neutralizing antibodies; excessive and/or ineffective cellular immunity from memory T lymphocytes; and innate dysfunctional inflammation. Multiple mechanisms likely contributed to the increased young adult mortality in 1918 and are the focus of this review. </AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McAuley</LastName><ForeName>Julie L</ForeName><Initials>JL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne, VIC , Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kedzierska</LastName><ForeName>Katherine</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne, VIC , Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brown</LastName><ForeName>Lorena E</ForeName><Initials>LE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne, VIC , Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shanks</LastName><ForeName>G Dennis</ForeName><Initials>GD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Australian Army Malaria Institute , Enoggera, QLD , Australia ; School of Population Health, University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD , Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2015</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>19</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Front Immunol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101560960</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1664-3224</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList 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