Passive Broad-Spectrum Influenza Immunoprophylaxis
Identifieur interne : 000A94 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000A93; suivant : 000A95Passive Broad-Spectrum Influenza Immunoprophylaxis
Auteurs : Cassandra M. Berry [Australie] ; William J. Penhale [Australie] ; Mark Y. Sangster [États-Unis]Source :
- Influenza Research and Treatment [ 2090-1380 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Influenza is a perennial problem affecting millions of people annually with the everpresent threat of devastating pandemics. Active prophylaxis by vaccination against influenza virus is currently the main countermeasure supplemented with antivirals. However, disadvantages of this strategy include the impact of antigenic drift, necessitating constant updating of vaccine strain composition, and emerging antiviral drug resistance. The development of other options for influenza prophylaxis, particularly with broad acting agents able to provide protection in the period between the onset of a pandemic and the development of a strain specific vaccine, is of great interest. Exploitation of broad-spectrum mediators could provide barricade protection in the early critical phase of influenza virus outbreaks. Passive immunity has the potential to provide immediate antiviral effects, inhibiting virus replication, reducing virus shedding, and thereby protecting vulnerable populations in the event of an impending influenza pandemic. Here, we review passive broad-spectrum influenza prophylaxis options with a focus on harnessing natural host defenses, including interferons and antibodies.
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2014/267594
PubMed: 25328697
PubMed Central: 4190013
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Influenza is a perennial problem affecting millions of people annually with the everpresent threat of devastating pandemics. Active prophylaxis by vaccination against influenza virus is currently the main countermeasure supplemented with antivirals. However, disadvantages of this strategy include the impact of antigenic drift, necessitating constant updating of vaccine strain composition, and emerging antiviral drug resistance. The development of other options for influenza prophylaxis, particularly with broad acting agents able to provide protection in the period between the onset of a pandemic and the development of a strain specific vaccine, is of great interest. Exploitation of broad-spectrum mediators could provide barricade protection in the early critical phase of influenza virus outbreaks. Passive immunity has the potential to provide immediate antiviral effects, inhibiting virus replication, reducing virus shedding, and thereby protecting vulnerable populations in the event of an impending influenza pandemic. Here, we review passive broad-spectrum influenza prophylaxis options with a focus on harnessing natural host defenses, including interferons and antibodies.</p>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Influenza Res Treat</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Influenza Res Treat</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IRT</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Influenza Research and Treatment</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2090-1380</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2090-1399</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25328697</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4190013</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2014/267594</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Passive Broad-Spectrum Influenza Immunoprophylaxis</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Berry</surname>
<given-names>Cassandra M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Penhale</surname>
<given-names>William J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sangster</surname>
<given-names>Mark Y.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>
Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia</aff>
<aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>
Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Cassandra M. Berry: <email>c.berry@murdoch.edu.au</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: John M. Nicholls</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2014</volume>
<elocation-id>267594</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>4</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>10</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Cassandra M. Berry et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Influenza is a perennial problem affecting millions of people annually with the everpresent threat of devastating pandemics. Active prophylaxis by vaccination against influenza virus is currently the main countermeasure supplemented with antivirals. However, disadvantages of this strategy include the impact of antigenic drift, necessitating constant updating of vaccine strain composition, and emerging antiviral drug resistance. The development of other options for influenza prophylaxis, particularly with broad acting agents able to provide protection in the period between the onset of a pandemic and the development of a strain specific vaccine, is of great interest. Exploitation of broad-spectrum mediators could provide barricade protection in the early critical phase of influenza virus outbreaks. Passive immunity has the potential to provide immediate antiviral effects, inhibiting virus replication, reducing virus shedding, and thereby protecting vulnerable populations in the event of an impending influenza pandemic. Here, we review passive broad-spectrum influenza prophylaxis options with a focus on harnessing natural host defenses, including interferons and antibodies.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><p>Signal transduction pathway for type I IFNs and a summary of key ISG effects on the virus and mucosal immune response during influenza. Type II IFN (IFN-<italic>γ</italic>
) binds IFNGR1 and IFNGR2 heterodimer receptor on the cell surface, which leads to activation of JAK1 and JAK2, STAT dimerization, and phosphorylation with transcriptional activation of ISGs with the GAS element. Type III IFNs (IFN-<italic>λ</italic>
1, -<italic>λ</italic>
2, and -<italic>λ</italic>
3) signal via ligand binding to IFNLR1 and IL-10R2 subunits of the cell surface receptor, activation of JAK1 and Tyk2 with similar downstream signaling pathways as the type I IFNs. ISGs can be either discrete or common sets for the different IFN families. Biological properties of type I, type II, and type III IFNs as identified in T and B cells [<xref rid="B36" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>
–<xref rid="B42" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>
] do not represent an exhaustive list.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="IRT2014-267594.001"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label>
<caption><p>Activities of neutralizing antibodies to influenza virus induced by B cell stimulation. Influenza virus stimulates B cell responses through a sequential process of activation, proliferation, isotype-switching, affinity maturation and selection of antibodies, and memory. The major activities of neutralizing antibody types to viral HA are shown in the inset box [<xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>
]. HA-specific antibodies are highly functional and prevent virus infection resulting in less cells being infected<italic> in vivo</italic>
.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="IRT2014-267594.002"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label>
<caption><p>Modeling of the impact of prophylaxis on mortality curves during pandemic influenza. Prophylaxis could protect against both morbidity and mortality rates by lowering the number of cases. Effective passive immunity is important to provide coverage during the first wave or six-month risk period of the pandemic whilst an effective vaccine is developed for the identified virus to induce active immunity.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="IRT2014-267594.003"></graphic>
</fig>
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