The influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 in Sri Lanka: its demographic cost, timing, and propagation
Identifieur interne : 000A92 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000A91; suivant : 000A93The influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 in Sri Lanka: its demographic cost, timing, and propagation
Auteurs : Siddharth Chandra [États-Unis] ; Dilshani Sarathchandra [États-Unis]Source :
- Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses [ 1750-2640 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
As an island and a former British colony, Sri Lanka is a case of special interest for the study of 1918–1919 influenza pandemic because of its potential for isolation from as well as integration into the world epidemiologic system.
To estimate population loss attributable to the influenza pandemic and weekly district-level excess mortality from the pandemic to analyze its spread across the island.
To measure population loss, we estimated a population growth model using a panel of 100 district-level observations on population for five consecutive censuses from 1891 to 1931, allowing for a one-time drop in population in 1918–1919. To estimate weekly excess mortality from the pandemic, we estimated a seasonally adjusted weekly time series of district-specific mortality estimates from vital registration records, ranked them, and plotted the ranks on weekly maps to create a picture of the geographic pattern of propagation across Sri Lanka.
Total loss of population from the influenza pandemic was 307 000 or approximately 6·7% of the population. The pandemic peaked in two discrete (northern and southern) regions in early October of 1918 and in a third (central) region in early March 1919.
The population loss estimate is significantly higher than earlier estimates of mortality from the pandemic in Sri Lanka, suggesting underreporting of influenza-attributable deaths and a role for influenza-related fertility declines. The spatial pattern of peak mortality indicates the presence of two distinct entry points and three distinct epidemiologic regions, defined by population density and ethnicity, in colonial Sri Lanka.
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DOI: 10.1111/irv.12238
PubMed: 24612961
PubMed Central: 4181474
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To estimate weekly excess mortality from the pandemic, we estimated a seasonally adjusted weekly time series of district-specific mortality estimates from vital registration records, ranked them, and plotted the ranks on weekly maps to create a picture of the geographic pattern of propagation across Sri Lanka.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Total loss of population from the influenza pandemic was 307 000 or approximately 6·7% of the population. The pandemic peaked in two discrete (northern and southern) regions in early October of 1918 and in a third (central) region in early March 1919.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The population loss estimate is significantly higher than earlier estimates of mortality from the pandemic in Sri Lanka, suggesting underreporting of influenza-attributable deaths and a role for influenza-related fertility declines. The spatial pattern of peak mortality indicates the presence of two distinct entry points and three distinct epidemiologic regions, defined by population density and ethnicity, in colonial Sri Lanka.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Murray, Cjl" uniqKey="Murray C">CJL Murray</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez, Ad" uniqKey="Lopez A">AD Lopez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chin, B" uniqKey="Chin B">B Chin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feehan, D" uniqKey="Feehan D">D Feehan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hill, Kh" uniqKey="Hill K">KH Hill</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mackellar, L" uniqKey="Mackellar L">L MacKellar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hollenbeck, Je" uniqKey="Hollenbeck J">JE Hollenbeck</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name 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Taubenberger</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Patterson, Kd" uniqKey="Patterson K">KD Patterson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pyle, Gf" uniqKey="Pyle G">GF Pyle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abhayaratne, Oer" uniqKey="Abhayaratne O">OER Abhayaratne</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Langford, Cm" uniqKey="Langford C">CM Langford</name></author><author><name sortKey="Storey, P" uniqKey="Storey P">P Storey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Killingray, D" uniqKey="Killingray D">D Killingray</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Johnson, N" uniqKey="Johnson N">N Johnson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, Vj" uniqKey="Lee V">VJ 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Miller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Acuna Soto, R" uniqKey="Acuna Soto R">R Acuna-Soto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chowell, Gc" uniqKey="Chowell G">GC Chowell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Vl" uniqKey="Simonsen V">VL Simonsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, Ma" uniqKey="Miller M">MA Miller</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Olson, Dr" uniqKey="Olson D">DR Olson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, L" uniqKey="Simonsen L">L Simonsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Edelson, Pj" uniqKey="Edelson P">PJ Edelson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morse, Ss" uniqKey="Morse S">SS Morse</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Andreasen, V" uniqKey="Andreasen V">V Andreasen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Viboud, C" uniqKey="Viboud C">C Viboud</name></author><author><name 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Influenza Other Respir Viruses</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Influenza Other Respir Viruses</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">irv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1750-2640</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1750-2659</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Oxford, UK</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24612961</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4181474</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/irv.12238</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 in Sri Lanka: its demographic cost, timing, and propagation</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chandra</surname><given-names>Siddharth</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="au1">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sarathchandra</surname><given-names>Dilshani</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="au2">b</xref></contrib><aff id="au1"><label>a</label><institution>Asian Studies Center, Michigan State University</institution><addr-line>East Lansing, MI, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="au2"><label>b</label><institution>Department of Sociology, Michigan State University</institution><addr-line>East Lansing, MI, USA</addr-line></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Siddharth Chandra, Asian Studies Center, Michigan State University, 427 N. Shaw Lane, Room 301, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. E-mail: <email>chandr45@msu.edu</email></corresp><fn><p>Research for this paper was conducted at Michigan State University.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>5</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>2</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>267</fpage><lpage>273</lpage><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>13</day><month>1</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2014 The Authors. <italic>Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses</italic> Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>As an island and a former British colony, Sri Lanka is a case of special interest for the study of 1918–1919 influenza pandemic because of its potential for isolation from as well as integration into the world epidemiologic system.</p></sec><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>To estimate population loss attributable to the influenza pandemic and weekly district-level excess mortality from the pandemic to analyze its spread across the island.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>To measure population loss, we estimated a population growth model using a panel of 100 district-level observations on population for five consecutive censuses from 1891 to 1931, allowing for a one-time drop in population in 1918–1919. To estimate weekly excess mortality from the pandemic, we estimated a seasonally adjusted weekly time series of district-specific mortality estimates from vital registration records, ranked them, and plotted the ranks on weekly maps to create a picture of the geographic pattern of propagation across Sri Lanka.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Total loss of population from the influenza pandemic was 307 000 or approximately 6·7% of the population. The pandemic peaked in two discrete (northern and southern) regions in early October of 1918 and in a third (central) region in early March 1919.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The population loss estimate is significantly higher than earlier estimates of mortality from the pandemic in Sri Lanka, suggesting underreporting of influenza-attributable deaths and a role for influenza-related fertility declines. The spatial pattern of peak mortality indicates the presence of two distinct entry points and three distinct epidemiologic regions, defined by population density and ethnicity, in colonial Sri Lanka.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>1918–1919 influenza pandemic</kwd><kwd>Ceylon</kwd><kwd>epidemic</kwd><kwd>influenza</kwd><kwd>island</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>spread</kwd><kwd>Sri Lanka</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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