A Missed Summer Wave of the 1918–1919 Influenza Pandemic: Evidence From Household Surveys in the United States and Norway
Identifieur interne : 000088 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000087; suivant : 000089A Missed Summer Wave of the 1918–1919 Influenza Pandemic: Evidence From Household Surveys in the United States and Norway
Auteurs : Svenn-Erik Mamelund ; Bj Rn Haneberg ; Siri Mjaaland [Norvège]Source :
- Open Forum Infectious Diseases [ 2328-8957 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw040
PubMed: 27006964
PubMed Central: 4800462
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<author><name sortKey="Mamelund, Svenn Erik" sort="Mamelund, Svenn Erik" uniqKey="Mamelund S" first="Svenn-Erik" last="Mamelund">Svenn-Erik Mamelund</name>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><institution>Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences</institution>
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<author><name sortKey="Haneberg, Bj Rn" sort="Haneberg, Bj Rn" uniqKey="Haneberg B" first="Bj Rn" last="Haneberg">Bj Rn Haneberg</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Division of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Disease Control</addr-line>
,<institution>Norwegian Institute of Public Health</institution>
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<author><name sortKey="Mjaaland, Siri" sort="Mjaaland, Siri" uniqKey="Mjaaland S" first="Siri" last="Mjaaland">Siri Mjaaland</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Division of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Disease Control</addr-line>
,<institution>Norwegian Institute of Public Health</institution>
</nlm:aff>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4"><institution>KG Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, University of Oslo</institution>
,<country>Norway</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A Missed Summer Wave of the 1918–1919 Influenza Pandemic: Evidence From Household Surveys in the United States and Norway</title>
<author><name sortKey="Mamelund, Svenn Erik" sort="Mamelund, Svenn Erik" uniqKey="Mamelund S" first="Svenn-Erik" last="Mamelund">Svenn-Erik Mamelund</name>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><institution>Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haneberg, Bj Rn" sort="Haneberg, Bj Rn" uniqKey="Haneberg B" first="Bj Rn" last="Haneberg">Bj Rn Haneberg</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Division of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Disease Control</addr-line>
,<institution>Norwegian Institute of Public Health</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mjaaland, Siri" sort="Mjaaland, Siri" uniqKey="Mjaaland S" first="Siri" last="Mjaaland">Siri Mjaaland</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Division of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Disease Control</addr-line>
,<institution>Norwegian Institute of Public Health</institution>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4"><institution>KG Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, University of Oslo</institution>
,<country>Norway</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
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<series><title level="j">Open Forum Infectious Diseases</title>
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<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Background.</italic>
</bold>
Reanalysis of influenza survey data from 1918 to 1919 was done to obtain new insights into the geographic and host factors responsible for the various waves.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Methods.</italic>
</bold>
We analyzed the age- and sex-specific influenza morbidity, fatality, and mortality for the city of Baltimore and smaller towns and rural areas of Maryland and the city of Bergen (Norway), using survey data. The Maryland surveys captured the 1918 fall wave, whereas the Bergen survey captured 3 waves during 1918–1919.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Results.</italic>
</bold>
Morbidity in rural areas of Maryland was higher than in the city of Baltimore during the fall of 1918, that was almost equal to that in Bergen during the summer of 1918. In Bergen, the morbidity in the fall was only half of that in the summer, with more females than males just above the age of 20 falling ill, as seen in both regions of Maryland. In contrast, more males than females fell ill during the summer wave in Bergen. Individuals <40 years had the highest morbidity, whereas school-aged children had the lowest fatality and mortality.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Conclusion.</italic>
</bold>
A previously unrecognized pandemic summer wave may have hit the 2 regions of Maryland in 1918.</p>
</div>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Open Forum Infect Dis</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Open Forum Infect Dis</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ofid</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">ofids</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Open Forum Infectious Diseases</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2328-8957</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27006964</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4800462</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/ofid/ofw040</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ofw040</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Major Articles</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>A Missed Summer Wave of the 1918–1919 Influenza Pandemic: Evidence From Household Surveys in the United States and Norway</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mamelund</surname>
<given-names>Svenn-Erik</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Haneberg</surname>
<given-names>Bjørn</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mjaaland</surname>
<given-names>Siri</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="af1"><label>1</label>
<institution>Work Research Institute</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="af2"><label>2</label>
<institution>Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="af3"><label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Division of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Disease Control</addr-line>
,<institution>Norwegian Institute of Public Health</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="af4"><label>4</label>
<institution>KG Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, University of Oslo</institution>
,<country>Norway</country>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp>Correspondence: S-E. Mamelund, Work Research Institute, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo 0130, Norway (<email>svenn-erik.mamelund@afi.hioa.no</email>
).</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>1</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<elocation-id>ofw040</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>17</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>12</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="creative-commons" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ext-link>
), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="ofw040.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><p><bold><italic>Background.</italic>
</bold>
Reanalysis of influenza survey data from 1918 to 1919 was done to obtain new insights into the geographic and host factors responsible for the various waves.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Methods.</italic>
</bold>
We analyzed the age- and sex-specific influenza morbidity, fatality, and mortality for the city of Baltimore and smaller towns and rural areas of Maryland and the city of Bergen (Norway), using survey data. The Maryland surveys captured the 1918 fall wave, whereas the Bergen survey captured 3 waves during 1918–1919.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Results.</italic>
</bold>
Morbidity in rural areas of Maryland was higher than in the city of Baltimore during the fall of 1918, that was almost equal to that in Bergen during the summer of 1918. In Bergen, the morbidity in the fall was only half of that in the summer, with more females than males just above the age of 20 falling ill, as seen in both regions of Maryland. In contrast, more males than females fell ill during the summer wave in Bergen. Individuals <40 years had the highest morbidity, whereas school-aged children had the lowest fatality and mortality.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Conclusion.</italic>
</bold>
A previously unrecognized pandemic summer wave may have hit the 2 regions of Maryland in 1918.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>fatality</kwd>
<kwd>gender</kwd>
<kwd>morbidity</kwd>
<kwd>Spanish influenza</kwd>
<kwd>vitamin D</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts><page-count count="6"></page-count>
</counts>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>cover-date</meta-name>
<meta-value>Winter 2016</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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