Assessment of influenza virus exposure and recovery from contaminated surgical masks and N95 respirators
Identifieur interne : 000855 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000854; suivant : 000856Assessment of influenza virus exposure and recovery from contaminated surgical masks and N95 respirators
Auteurs : Francoise M. Blachere ; William G. Lindsley ; Cynthia M. Mcmillen ; Donald H. Beezhold ; Edward M. Fisher ; Ronald E. Shaffer ; John D. NotiSource :
- Journal of virological methods [ 0166-0934 ] ; 2018.
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at significantly higher risk of exposure to influenza virus during seasonal epidemics and global pandemics. During the 2009 influenza pandemic, some healthcare organizations recommended that HCWs wear respiratory protection such as filtering facepiece respirators, while others indicated that facemasks such as surgical masks (SMs) were sufficient. To assess the level of exposure a HCW may possibly encounter, the aim of this study was to (1.) evaluate if SMs and N95 respirators can serve as “personal bioaerosol samplers” for influenza virus and (2.) determine if SMs and N95 respirators contaminated by influenza laden aerosols can serve as a source of infectious virus for indirect contact transmission. This effort is part of a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 5-year multidisciplinary study to determine the routes of influenza transmission in healthcare settings. A coughing simulator was programmed to cough aerosol particles containing influenza virus over a wide concentration range into an aerosol exposure simulation chamber virus/L of exam room air), and a breathing simulator was used to collect virus on either a SM or N95 respirator. Extraction buffers containing nonionic and anionic detergents as well as various protein additives were used to recover influenza virus from the masks and respirators. The inclusion of 0.1% SDS resulted in maximal influenza RNA recovery (41.3%) but with a complete loss of infectivity whereas inclusion of 0.1% bovine serum albumin resulted in reduced RNA recovery (6.8%) but maximal retention of virus infectivity (17.9%). Our results show that a HCW’s potential exposure to airborne influenza virus can be assessed in part through analysis of their SMs and N95 respirators, which can effectively serve as personal bioaerosol samplers.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.05.009
PubMed: 30029810
PubMed Central: 6482848
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PMC:6482848Le document en format XML
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA</nlm:aff>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at significantly higher risk of exposure to influenza virus during seasonal epidemics and global pandemics. During the 2009 influenza pandemic, some healthcare organizations recommended that HCWs wear respiratory protection such as filtering facepiece respirators, while others indicated that facemasks such as surgical masks (SMs) were sufficient. To assess the level of exposure a HCW may possibly encounter, the aim of this study was to (1.) evaluate if SMs and N95 respirators can serve as “personal bioaerosol samplers” for influenza virus and (2.) determine if SMs and N95 respirators contaminated by influenza laden aerosols can serve as a source of infectious virus for indirect contact transmission. This effort is part of a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 5-year multidisciplinary study to determine the routes of influenza transmission in healthcare settings. A coughing simulator was programmed to cough aerosol particles containing influenza virus over a wide concentration range into an aerosol exposure simulation chamber virus/L of exam room air), and a breathing simulator was used to collect virus on either a SM or N95 respirator. Extraction buffers containing nonionic and anionic detergents as well as various protein additives were used to recover influenza virus from the masks and respirators. The inclusion of 0.1% SDS resulted in maximal influenza RNA recovery (41.3%) but with a complete loss of infectivity whereas inclusion of 0.1% bovine serum albumin resulted in reduced RNA recovery (6.8%) but maximal retention of virus infectivity (17.9%). Our results show that a HCW’s potential exposure to airborne influenza virus can be assessed in part through analysis of their SMs and N95 respirators, which can effectively serve as personal bioaerosol samplers.</p>
</div>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">8005839</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">4621</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Virol Methods</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J. Virol. Methods</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of virological methods</journal-title>
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<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">HHSPA1013533</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
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</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Assessment of influenza virus exposure and recovery from contaminated surgical masks and N95 respirators</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blachere</surname>
<given-names>Francoise M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref>
<xref rid="CR1" ref-type="corresp">*</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lindsley</surname>
<given-names>William G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McMillen</surname>
<given-names>Cynthia M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">b</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Beezhold</surname>
<given-names>Donald H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fisher</surname>
<given-names>Edward M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">c</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shaffer</surname>
<given-names>Ronald E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">c</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Noti</surname>
<given-names>John D.</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref>
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<aff id="A1"><label>a</label>
Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>b</label>
Center for Vaccine Research, Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>c</label>
National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="CR1"><label>*</label>
Corresponding author. <email>fblachere@cdc.gov</email>
(F.M. Blachere).</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>18</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2018</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2018</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>25</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2019</year>
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<volume>260</volume>
<fpage>98</fpage>
<lpage>106</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.05.009</pmc-comment>
<abstract id="ABS1"><p id="P1">Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at significantly higher risk of exposure to influenza virus during seasonal epidemics and global pandemics. During the 2009 influenza pandemic, some healthcare organizations recommended that HCWs wear respiratory protection such as filtering facepiece respirators, while others indicated that facemasks such as surgical masks (SMs) were sufficient. To assess the level of exposure a HCW may possibly encounter, the aim of this study was to (1.) evaluate if SMs and N95 respirators can serve as “personal bioaerosol samplers” for influenza virus and (2.) determine if SMs and N95 respirators contaminated by influenza laden aerosols can serve as a source of infectious virus for indirect contact transmission. This effort is part of a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 5-year multidisciplinary study to determine the routes of influenza transmission in healthcare settings. A coughing simulator was programmed to cough aerosol particles containing influenza virus over a wide concentration range into an aerosol exposure simulation chamber virus/L of exam room air), and a breathing simulator was used to collect virus on either a SM or N95 respirator. Extraction buffers containing nonionic and anionic detergents as well as various protein additives were used to recover influenza virus from the masks and respirators. The inclusion of 0.1% SDS resulted in maximal influenza RNA recovery (41.3%) but with a complete loss of infectivity whereas inclusion of 0.1% bovine serum albumin resulted in reduced RNA recovery (6.8%) but maximal retention of virus infectivity (17.9%). Our results show that a HCW’s potential exposure to airborne influenza virus can be assessed in part through analysis of their SMs and N95 respirators, which can effectively serve as personal bioaerosol samplers.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Influenza A</kwd>
<kwd>Aerosol transmission</kwd>
<kwd>Healthcare worker</kwd>
<kwd>PPE contamination</kwd>
<kwd>Virus extraction</kwd>
<kwd>Quantitative PCR</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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