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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Theodore E. Woodward Award Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions Employed By Major American Cities During the 1918–19 Influenza Pandemic</title><author><name sortKey="Markel, Howard" sort="Markel, Howard" uniqKey="Markel H" first="Howard" last="Markel">Howard Markel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stern, Alexandra M" sort="Stern, Alexandra M" uniqKey="Stern A" first="Alexandra M." last="Stern">Alexandra M. Stern</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cetron, Martin S" sort="Cetron, Martin S" uniqKey="Cetron M" first="Martin S." last="Cetron">Martin S. Cetron</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">18596866</idno><idno type="pmc">2394704</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2394704</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2394704</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000525</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000525</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Theodore E. Woodward Award Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions Employed By Major American Cities During the 1918–19 Influenza Pandemic</title><author><name sortKey="Markel, Howard" sort="Markel, Howard" uniqKey="Markel H" first="Howard" last="Markel">Howard Markel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stern, Alexandra M" sort="Stern, Alexandra M" uniqKey="Stern A" first="Alexandra M." last="Stern">Alexandra M. Stern</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cetron, Martin S" sort="Cetron, Martin S" uniqKey="Cetron M" first="Martin S." last="Cetron">Martin S. Cetron</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association</title><idno type="ISSN">0065-7778</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>A critical question in pandemic influenza planning is the role that non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) such as isolation and quarantine, social distancing, and school closure, might play in delaying the temporal impact of a pandemic, reducing the overall and peak attack rate, and reducing the number of cumulative deaths. Such measures could potentially provide valuable time for pandemic-strain vaccine and antiviral medication production and distribution. Optimally, appropriate NPI implementation would decrease the burden on healthcare services and critical infrastructure. These public health measures, however, are often associated with enormous social and economic costs. Therefore, it is imperative to assess past applications of NPIs in order to better understand how they might (or might not) be employed during future pandemics in an effective, legal, ethical manner that inspires confidence and compliance in the public at large.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="EN"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">TACCA</journal-id><journal-title>Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0065-7778</issn><publisher><publisher-name>American Clinical and Climatological Association</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">18596866</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2394704</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Theodore E. Woodward Award Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions Employed By Major American Cities During the 1918–19 Influenza Pandemic</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Markel</surname><given-names>Howard</given-names></name><degrees>M.D., Ph.D.</degrees><author-comment><p>(<italic>by invitation</italic>)</p></author-comment><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stern</surname><given-names>Alexandra M.</given-names></name><degrees>Ph.D.</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cetron</surname><given-names>Martin S.</given-names></name><degrees>M.D.</degrees></contrib><aff>Ann Arbor, MI</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Correspondence and reprint requests: Dr. Howard Markel,
<addr-line>1522 Granger Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48104</addr-line></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2008</year></pub-date><volume>119</volume><fpage>129</fpage><lpage>142</lpage><copyright-statement>© 2008 The American Clinical and Climatological Association</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2008</copyright-year><abstract><p>A critical question in pandemic influenza planning is the role that non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) such as isolation and quarantine, social distancing, and school closure, might play in delaying the temporal impact of a pandemic, reducing the overall and peak attack rate, and reducing the number of cumulative deaths. Such measures could potentially provide valuable time for pandemic-strain vaccine and antiviral medication production and distribution. Optimally, appropriate NPI implementation would decrease the burden on healthcare services and critical infrastructure. These public health measures, however, are often associated with enormous social and economic costs. Therefore, it is imperative to assess past applications of NPIs in order to better understand how they might (or might not) be employed during future pandemics in an effective, legal, ethical manner that inspires confidence and compliance in the public at large.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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