Bird harvesting practices and knowledge, risk perceptions, and attitudes regarding avian influenza among Canadian First Nations subsistence hunters: implications for influenza pandemic plans
Identifieur interne : 000494 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000493; suivant : 000495Bird harvesting practices and knowledge, risk perceptions, and attitudes regarding avian influenza among Canadian First Nations subsistence hunters: implications for influenza pandemic plans
Auteurs : Nadia A. Charania ; Ian D. Martin ; Eric N. Liberda ; Richard Meldrum ; Leonard Js TsujiSource :
- BMC Public Health [ 1471-2458 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
There is concern of avian influenza virus (AIV) infections in humans. Subsistence hunters may be a potential risk group for AIV infections as they frequently come into close contact with wild birds and the aquatic habitats of birds while harvesting. This study aimed to examine if knowledge and risk perception of avian influenza influenced the use of protective measures and attitudes about hunting influenza-infected birds among subsistence hunters.
Using a community-based participatory research approach, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with current subsistence hunters (n = 106) residing in a remote and isolated First Nations community in northern Ontario, Canada from November 10–25, 2013. Simple descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the distributions and relationships between variables. Written responses were deductively analyzed.
ANOVA showed that males hunted significantly more birds per year than did females (F1,96 = 12.1; p = 0.001) and that those who hunted significantly more days per year did not perceive a risk of AIV infection (F1,94 = 4.4; p = 0.040). Hunters engaged in bird harvesting practices that could expose them to AIVs, namely by cleaning, plucking, and gutting birds and having direct contact with water. It was reported that 18 (17.0%) hunters wore gloves and 2 (1.9%) hunters wore goggles while processing birds. The majority of hunters washed their hands (n = 105; 99.1%) and sanitized their equipment (n = 69; 65.1%) after processing birds. More than half of the participants reported being aware of avian influenza, while almost one third perceived a risk of AIV infection while harvesting birds. Participants aware of avian influenza were more likely to perceive a risk of AIV infection while harvesting birds. Our results suggest that knowledge positively influenced the use of a recommended protective measure. Regarding attitudes, the frequency of participants who would cease harvesting birds was highest if avian influenza was detected in regional birds (n = 55; 51.9%).
Our study indicated a need for more education about avian influenza and precautionary behaviours that are culturally-appropriate. First Nations subsistence hunters should be considered an avian influenza risk group and have associated special considerations included in future influenza pandemic plans.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1113
PubMed: 25347949
PubMed Central: 4223741
Affiliations:
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<author><name sortKey="Charania, Nadia A" sort="Charania, Nadia A" uniqKey="Charania N" first="Nadia A" last="Charania">Nadia A. Charania</name>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, M1C 1A4 Toronto, Ontario Canada</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Liberda, Eric N" sort="Liberda, Eric N" uniqKey="Liberda E" first="Eric N" last="Liberda">Eric N. Liberda</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Bird harvesting practices and knowledge, risk perceptions, and attitudes regarding avian influenza among Canadian First Nations subsistence hunters: implications for influenza pandemic plans</title>
<author><name sortKey="Charania, Nadia A" sort="Charania, Nadia A" uniqKey="Charania N" first="Nadia A" last="Charania">Nadia A. Charania</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Department of Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, Ontario Canada</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario Canada</wicri:noCountry>
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<author><name sortKey="Martin, Ian D" sort="Martin, Ian D" uniqKey="Martin I" first="Ian D" last="Martin">Ian D. Martin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Department of Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, Ontario Canada</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario Canada</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, M1C 1A4 Toronto, Ontario Canada</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario Canada</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liberda, Eric N" sort="Liberda, Eric N" uniqKey="Liberda E" first="Eric N" last="Liberda">Eric N. Liberda</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, POD 247H, M5B 2K3 Toronto, Ontario Canada</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario Canada</wicri:noCountry>
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<author><name sortKey="Meldrum, Richard" sort="Meldrum, Richard" uniqKey="Meldrum R" first="Richard" last="Meldrum">Richard Meldrum</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, POD 247H, M5B 2K3 Toronto, Ontario Canada</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario Canada</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Tsuji, Leonard Js" sort="Tsuji, Leonard Js" uniqKey="Tsuji L" first="Leonard Js" last="Tsuji">Leonard Js Tsuji</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Department of Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, Ontario Canada</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario Canada</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, M1C 1A4 Toronto, Ontario Canada</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario Canada</wicri:noCountry>
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<series><title level="j">BMC Public Health</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1471-2458</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>There is concern of avian influenza virus (AIV) infections in humans. Subsistence hunters may be a potential risk group for AIV infections as they frequently come into close contact with wild birds and the aquatic habitats of birds while harvesting. This study aimed to examine if knowledge and risk perception of avian influenza influenced the use of protective measures and attitudes about hunting influenza-infected birds among subsistence hunters.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>Using a community-based participatory research approach, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with current subsistence hunters (n = 106) residing in a remote and isolated First Nations community in northern Ontario, Canada from November 10–25, 2013. Simple descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the distributions and relationships between variables. Written responses were deductively analyzed.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>ANOVA showed that males hunted significantly more birds per year than did females (F<sub>1,96</sub>
= 12.1; p = 0.001) and that those who hunted significantly more days per year did not perceive a risk of AIV infection (F<sub>1,94</sub>
= 4.4; p = 0.040). Hunters engaged in bird harvesting practices that could expose them to AIVs, namely by cleaning, plucking, and gutting birds and having direct contact with water. It was reported that 18 (17.0%) hunters wore gloves and 2 (1.9%) hunters wore goggles while processing birds. The majority of hunters washed their hands (n = 105; 99.1%) and sanitized their equipment (n = 69; 65.1%) after processing birds. More than half of the participants reported being aware of avian influenza, while almost one third perceived a risk of AIV infection while harvesting birds. Participants aware of avian influenza were more likely to perceive a risk of AIV infection while harvesting birds. Our results suggest that knowledge positively influenced the use of a recommended protective measure. Regarding attitudes, the frequency of participants who would cease harvesting birds was highest if avian influenza was detected in regional birds (n = 55; 51.9%).</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Our study indicated a need for more education about avian influenza and precautionary behaviours that are culturally-appropriate. First Nations subsistence hunters should be considered an avian influenza risk group and have associated special considerations included in future influenza pandemic plans.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">BMC Public Health</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">BMC Public Health</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>BMC Public Health</journal-title>
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<issn pub-type="epub">1471-2458</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>
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<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25347949</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4223741</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">7208</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1471-2458-14-1113</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Bird harvesting practices and knowledge, risk perceptions, and attitudes regarding avian influenza among Canadian First Nations subsistence hunters: implications for influenza pandemic plans</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Charania</surname>
<given-names>Nadia A</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>ncharani@uwaterloo.ca</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Martin</surname>
<given-names>Ian D</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>ianmartin@mac.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5"></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff6"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liberda</surname>
<given-names>Eric N</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>eric.liberda@ryerson.ca</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff7"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meldrum</surname>
<given-names>Richard</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>meldrum@ryerson.ca</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff7"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tsuji</surname>
<given-names>Leonard JS</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>leonard.tsuji@utoronto.ca</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5"></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff6"></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff5"><label></label>
Department of Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, Ontario Canada</aff>
<aff id="Aff6"><label></label>
Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, M1C 1A4 Toronto, Ontario Canada</aff>
<aff id="Aff7"><label></label>
School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, POD 247H, M5B 2K3 Toronto, Ontario Canada</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>28</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<elocation-id>1113</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>7</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>13</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© Charania et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014</copyright-statement>
<license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ext-link>
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>
) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>There is concern of avian influenza virus (AIV) infections in humans. Subsistence hunters may be a potential risk group for AIV infections as they frequently come into close contact with wild birds and the aquatic habitats of birds while harvesting. This study aimed to examine if knowledge and risk perception of avian influenza influenced the use of protective measures and attitudes about hunting influenza-infected birds among subsistence hunters.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>Using a community-based participatory research approach, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with current subsistence hunters (n = 106) residing in a remote and isolated First Nations community in northern Ontario, Canada from November 10–25, 2013. Simple descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the distributions and relationships between variables. Written responses were deductively analyzed.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>ANOVA showed that males hunted significantly more birds per year than did females (F<sub>1,96</sub>
= 12.1; p = 0.001) and that those who hunted significantly more days per year did not perceive a risk of AIV infection (F<sub>1,94</sub>
= 4.4; p = 0.040). Hunters engaged in bird harvesting practices that could expose them to AIVs, namely by cleaning, plucking, and gutting birds and having direct contact with water. It was reported that 18 (17.0%) hunters wore gloves and 2 (1.9%) hunters wore goggles while processing birds. The majority of hunters washed their hands (n = 105; 99.1%) and sanitized their equipment (n = 69; 65.1%) after processing birds. More than half of the participants reported being aware of avian influenza, while almost one third perceived a risk of AIV infection while harvesting birds. Participants aware of avian influenza were more likely to perceive a risk of AIV infection while harvesting birds. Our results suggest that knowledge positively influenced the use of a recommended protective measure. Regarding attitudes, the frequency of participants who would cease harvesting birds was highest if avian influenza was detected in regional birds (n = 55; 51.9%).</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Our study indicated a need for more education about avian influenza and precautionary behaviours that are culturally-appropriate. First Nations subsistence hunters should be considered an avian influenza risk group and have associated special considerations included in future influenza pandemic plans.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Avian influenza</kwd>
<kwd>Birds</kwd>
<kwd>Wild game</kwd>
<kwd>First Nations</kwd>
<kwd>Canada</kwd>
<kwd>Subsistence hunting</kwd>
<kwd>Harvesting</kwd>
<kwd>Pandemic plans</kwd>
<kwd>Risk perception</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© The Author(s) 2014</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list></list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Charania, Nadia A" sort="Charania, Nadia A" uniqKey="Charania N" first="Nadia A" last="Charania">Nadia A. Charania</name>
<name sortKey="Liberda, Eric N" sort="Liberda, Eric N" uniqKey="Liberda E" first="Eric N" last="Liberda">Eric N. Liberda</name>
<name sortKey="Martin, Ian D" sort="Martin, Ian D" uniqKey="Martin I" first="Ian D" last="Martin">Ian D. Martin</name>
<name sortKey="Meldrum, Richard" sort="Meldrum, Richard" uniqKey="Meldrum R" first="Richard" last="Meldrum">Richard Meldrum</name>
<name sortKey="Tsuji, Leonard Js" sort="Tsuji, Leonard Js" uniqKey="Tsuji L" first="Leonard Js" last="Tsuji">Leonard Js Tsuji</name>
</noCountry>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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