Meningococcal pneumonia: a review
Identifieur interne : 000055 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000054; suivant : 000056Meningococcal pneumonia: a review
Auteurs : Charles Feldman [Afrique du Sud] ; Ronald Anderson [Afrique du Sud]Source :
- Pneumonia [ 2200-6133 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Although
We conducted a review of the literature to describe the risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of meningococcal pneumonia.
Meningococcal pneumonia was first described in 1907 and during the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic large numbers of cases of meningococcal pneumonia occurred in patients following the initial viral infection. A number of publications, mainly case series or case reports, has subsequently appeared in the literature. Meningococcal pneumonia occurs mainly with serogroups Y, W-135 and B. Risk factors for meningococcal pneumonia have not been well characterised, but appear to include older age, smoking, people living in close contact (e.g. military recruits and students at university), preceding viral and bacterial infections, haematological malignancies, chronic respiratory conditions and various other non-communicable and primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases. Primary meningococcal pneumonia occurs in 5–10% of patients with meningococcal infection and is indistinguishable clinically from pneumonia caused by other common pathogens. Fever, chills and pleuritic chest pain are the most common symptoms, occurring in > 50% of cases. Productive sputum and dyspnoea are less common. Diagnosis of meningococcal pneumonia may be made by the isolation of the organism in sputum, blood, or normally sterile site cultures, but is likely to underestimate the frequency of meningococcal pneumonia. If validated, PCR-based techniques may be of value for diagnosis in the future. While penicillin was the treatment of choice for meningococcal infection, including pneumonia, prior to 1991, a third generation cephalosporin has been more commonly used thereafter, because of concerns of penicillin resistance. Chemoprophylaxis, using one of a number of antibiotics, has been recommended for close contacts of patients with meningococcal meningitis, and similar benefits may be seen in contacts of patients with meningococcal pneumonia. Effective vaccines are available for the prevention of infection with certain meningococcal serogroups, but this field is still evolving.
Meningococcal pneumonia occurs fairly frequently and should be considered as a possible cause of pneumonia, particularly in patients with specific risk factors.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s41479-019-0062-0
PubMed: 31463180
PubMed Central: 6708554
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Meningococcal pneumonia: a review</title><author><name sortKey="Feldman, Charles" sort="Feldman, Charles" uniqKey="Feldman C" first="Charles" last="Feldman">Charles Feldman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 1135</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11951.3d</institution-id><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences,</institution><institution>University of the Witwatersrand,</institution></institution-wrap>Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Ronald" sort="Anderson, Ronald" uniqKey="Anderson R" first="Ronald" last="Anderson">Ronald Anderson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2107 2298</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.49697.35</institution-id><institution>Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences,</institution><institution>University of Pretoria,</institution></institution-wrap>Pretoria, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Pretoria</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">31463180</idno><idno type="pmc">6708554</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6708554</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:6708554</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s41479-019-0062-0</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000304</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000304</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000304</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000304</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000055</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000055</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Meningococcal pneumonia: a review</title><author><name sortKey="Feldman, Charles" sort="Feldman, Charles" uniqKey="Feldman C" first="Charles" last="Feldman">Charles Feldman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 1135</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11951.3d</institution-id><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences,</institution><institution>University of the Witwatersrand,</institution></institution-wrap>Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Ronald" sort="Anderson, Ronald" uniqKey="Anderson R" first="Ronald" last="Anderson">Ronald Anderson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2107 2298</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.49697.35</institution-id><institution>Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences,</institution><institution>University of Pretoria,</institution></institution-wrap>Pretoria, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Pretoria</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Pneumonia</title><idno type="eISSN">2200-6133</idno><imprint><date when="2019">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p id="Par1">Although <italic>Neisseria meningitidis</italic> is one of the major causes of meningitis, meningococcal pneumonia is the most common non-neurological organ disease caused by this pathogen.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p id="Par2">We conducted a review of the literature to describe the risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of meningococcal pneumonia.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p id="Par3">Meningococcal pneumonia was first described in 1907 and during the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic large numbers of cases of meningococcal pneumonia occurred in patients following the initial viral infection. A number of publications, mainly case series or case reports, has subsequently appeared in the literature. Meningococcal pneumonia occurs mainly with serogroups Y, W-135 and B. Risk factors for meningococcal pneumonia have not been well characterised, but appear to include older age, smoking, people living in close contact (e.g. military recruits and students at university), preceding viral and bacterial infections, haematological malignancies, chronic respiratory conditions and various other non-communicable and primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases. Primary meningococcal pneumonia occurs in 5–10% of patients with meningococcal infection and is indistinguishable clinically from pneumonia caused by other common pathogens. Fever, chills and pleuritic chest pain are the most common symptoms, occurring in > 50% of cases. Productive sputum and dyspnoea are less common. Diagnosis of meningococcal pneumonia may be made by the isolation of the organism in sputum, blood, or normally sterile site cultures, but is likely to underestimate the frequency of meningococcal pneumonia. If validated, PCR-based techniques may be of value for diagnosis in the future. While penicillin was the treatment of choice for meningococcal infection, including pneumonia, prior to 1991, a third generation cephalosporin has been more commonly used thereafter, because of concerns of penicillin resistance. Chemoprophylaxis, using one of a number of antibiotics, has been recommended for close contacts of patients with meningococcal meningitis, and similar benefits may be seen in contacts of patients with meningococcal pneumonia. Effective vaccines are available for the prevention of infection with certain meningococcal serogroups, but this field is still evolving.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p id="Par4">Meningococcal pneumonia occurs fairly frequently and should be considered as a possible cause of pneumonia, particularly in patients with specific risk factors.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jacobitz, H" uniqKey="Jacobitz H">H Jacobitz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vossen, M" uniqKey="Vossen M">M Vossen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mitteregger, D" uniqKey="Mitteregger D">D Mitteregger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Steininger, C" uniqKey="Steininger C">C Steininger</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Holm, Mi" uniqKey="Holm M">MI Holm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davison, Wc" uniqKey="Davison 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Pneumonia (Nathan)</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Pneumonia (Nathan)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Pneumonia</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2200-6133</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name><publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">31463180</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6708554</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">62</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s41479-019-0062-0</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Meningococcal pneumonia: a review</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Feldman</surname><given-names>Charles</given-names></name><address><phone>+ 27 11 488-3840</phone><email>charles.feldman@wits.ac.za</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Anderson</surname><given-names>Ronald</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 1135</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11951.3d</institution-id><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences,</institution><institution>University of the Witwatersrand,</institution></institution-wrap>Johannesburg, South Africa</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2107 2298</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.49697.35</institution-id><institution>Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences,</institution><institution>University of Pretoria,</institution></institution-wrap>Pretoria, South Africa</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>8</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>25</day><month>8</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><elocation-id>3</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>4</day><month>3</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>7</day><month>8</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s) 2019</copyright-statement><license license-type="OpenAccess"><license-p><bold>Open Access</bold>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Background</title><p id="Par1">Although <italic>Neisseria meningitidis</italic> is one of the major causes of meningitis, meningococcal pneumonia is the most common non-neurological organ disease caused by this pathogen.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p id="Par2">We conducted a review of the literature to describe the risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of meningococcal pneumonia.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p id="Par3">Meningococcal pneumonia was first described in 1907 and during the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic large numbers of cases of meningococcal pneumonia occurred in patients following the initial viral infection. A number of publications, mainly case series or case reports, has subsequently appeared in the literature. Meningococcal pneumonia occurs mainly with serogroups Y, W-135 and B. Risk factors for meningococcal pneumonia have not been well characterised, but appear to include older age, smoking, people living in close contact (e.g. military recruits and students at university), preceding viral and bacterial infections, haematological malignancies, chronic respiratory conditions and various other non-communicable and primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases. Primary meningococcal pneumonia occurs in 5–10% of patients with meningococcal infection and is indistinguishable clinically from pneumonia caused by other common pathogens. Fever, chills and pleuritic chest pain are the most common symptoms, occurring in > 50% of cases. Productive sputum and dyspnoea are less common. Diagnosis of meningococcal pneumonia may be made by the isolation of the organism in sputum, blood, or normally sterile site cultures, but is likely to underestimate the frequency of meningococcal pneumonia. If validated, PCR-based techniques may be of value for diagnosis in the future. While penicillin was the treatment of choice for meningococcal infection, including pneumonia, prior to 1991, a third generation cephalosporin has been more commonly used thereafter, because of concerns of penicillin resistance. Chemoprophylaxis, using one of a number of antibiotics, has been recommended for close contacts of patients with meningococcal meningitis, and similar benefits may be seen in contacts of patients with meningococcal pneumonia. Effective vaccines are available for the prevention of infection with certain meningococcal serogroups, but this field is still evolving.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p id="Par4">Meningococcal pneumonia occurs fairly frequently and should be considered as a possible cause of pneumonia, particularly in patients with specific risk factors.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Antibiotics</kwd><kwd>Chemoprophylaxis</kwd><kwd>Diagnosis</kwd><kwd><italic>Neisseria meningitidis</italic></kwd><kwd>Pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>Pneumonia</kwd><kwd>Risk factors</kwd><kwd>Vaccination</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© The Author(s) 2019</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li></country></list><tree><country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Feldman, Charles" sort="Feldman, Charles" uniqKey="Feldman C" first="Charles" last="Feldman">Charles Feldman</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Anderson, Ronald" sort="Anderson, Ronald" uniqKey="Anderson R" first="Ronald" last="Anderson">Ronald Anderson</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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