In vitro antiviral activity of hypothiocyanite against A/H1N1/2009 pandemic influenza virus
Identifieur interne : 000145 ( PascalFrancis/Corpus ); précédent : 000144; suivant : 000146In vitro antiviral activity of hypothiocyanite against A/H1N1/2009 pandemic influenza virus
Auteurs : L. Cegolon ; C. Salata ; E. Piccoli ; V. Juarez ; G. Palu' ; G. Mastrangelo ; A. CalistriSource :
- International journal of hygiene and environmental health [ 1438-4639 ] ; 2014.
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- Pascal (Inist)
English descriptors
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Abstract
Influenza virus spreads via small particle aerosols, droplets and fomites, and since it can survive for a short time on surfaces, can be introduced into the nasal mucosa before it loses infectivity. The hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN-), product of the lactoperoxidase/H2O2/SCN- system of central airways, is emerging as an important molecule for innate defense mechanism against bacteria, fungi and viruses. Here we demonstrated that OSCN- displays virucidal activity in vitro against the A/H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza virus. The concentration required to inhibit viral replication by 50% was 2 μM when virus were challenged directly with OSCN- before cell inoculation. These values were even lower when inoculated cells were maintained in contact with enzyme free-OSCN- in the culture medium. The last experimental conditions better reflect those of tracheobronchial mucosa, where HOSCN/OSCN- is retained in the air-liquid interface and inactivates both the viruses approaching the epithelium from outside and those released from the inoculated cells after the replication cycle. Importantly no OSCN- cytotoxicity was observed in the cellular system employed. The lack of toxicity in humans and the absence of damage on surfaces of fomites suggest a potential use of OSCN- to avoid mucosal and environmental transmission of influenza virus. Since hypothiocyanite is normally present in human airways a low risk of viral resistance is envisaged. In vivo confirmatory studies are needed to evaluate the appropriate dose, regimen and formulation.
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Format Inist (serveur)
| NO : | PASCAL 14-0075821 INIST |
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| ET : | In vitro antiviral activity of hypothiocyanite against A/H1N1/2009 pandemic influenza virus |
| AU : | CEGOLON (L.); SALATA (C.); PICCOLI (E.); JUAREZ (V.); PALU' (G.); MASTRANGELO (G.); CALISTRI (A.) |
| AF : | Padua University, Department of Molecular Medicine/Padua/Italie (1 aut., 2 aut., 3 aut., 5 aut., 6 aut., 7 aut.); Imperial College London, School of Public Health, St. Mary's Campus/London/Royaume-Uni (1 aut.); Alaxia SAS/Lyon/France (4 aut.) |
| DT : | Publication en série; Niveau analytique |
| SO : | International journal of hygiene and environmental health; ISSN 1438-4639; Allemagne; Da. 2014; Vol. 217; No. 1; Pp. 17-22; Bibl. 3/4 p. |
| LA : | Anglais |
| EA : | Influenza virus spreads via small particle aerosols, droplets and fomites, and since it can survive for a short time on surfaces, can be introduced into the nasal mucosa before it loses infectivity. The hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN-), product of the lactoperoxidase/H2O2/SCN- system of central airways, is emerging as an important molecule for innate defense mechanism against bacteria, fungi and viruses. Here we demonstrated that OSCN- displays virucidal activity in vitro against the A/H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza virus. The concentration required to inhibit viral replication by 50% was 2 μM when virus were challenged directly with OSCN- before cell inoculation. These values were even lower when inoculated cells were maintained in contact with enzyme free-OSCN- in the culture medium. The last experimental conditions better reflect those of tracheobronchial mucosa, where HOSCN/OSCN- is retained in the air-liquid interface and inactivates both the viruses approaching the epithelium from outside and those released from the inoculated cells after the replication cycle. Importantly no OSCN- cytotoxicity was observed in the cellular system employed. The lack of toxicity in humans and the absence of damage on surfaces of fomites suggest a potential use of OSCN- to avoid mucosal and environmental transmission of influenza virus. Since hypothiocyanite is normally present in human airways a low risk of viral resistance is envisaged. In vivo confirmatory studies are needed to evaluate the appropriate dose, regimen and formulation. |
| CC : | 002B03; 002B30A02A; 002B02S05 |
| FD : | Infection; Activité biologique; In vitro; Antiviral; 2009; Santé publique; Influenzavirus; Prévention; Traitement; Contrôle; Désinfection; Santé et environnement; Médecine environnementale; Pandémie; Grippe H1N1 |
| FG : | Orthomyxoviridae; Virus; Pathologie de l'appareil respiratoire; Virose |
| ED : | Infection; Biological activity; In vitro; Antiviral; 2009; Public health; Influenzavirus; Prevention; Treatment; Check; Disinfection; Health and environment; Environmental medicine; H1N1 influenza |
| EG : | Orthomyxoviridae; Virus; Respiratory disease; Viral disease |
| SD : | Infección; Actividad biológica; In vitro; Antiviral; 2009; Salud pública; Influenzavirus; Prevención; Tratamiento; Control; Desinfección; Salud y medio ambiente; Medicina ambiental; Gripe H1N1 |
| LO : | INIST-7500.354000505792760030 |
| ID : | 14-0075821 |
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Pascal:14-0075821Le document en format XML
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Cegolon</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Padua University, Department of Molecular Medicine</s1><s2>Padua</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Imperial College London, School of Public Health, St. Mary's Campus</s1><s2>London</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salata, C" sort="Salata, C" uniqKey="Salata C" first="C." last="Salata">C. Salata</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Padua University, Department of Molecular Medicine</s1><s2>Padua</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piccoli, E" sort="Piccoli, E" uniqKey="Piccoli E" first="E." last="Piccoli">E. Piccoli</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Padua University, Department of Molecular Medicine</s1><s2>Padua</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juarez, V" sort="Juarez, V" uniqKey="Juarez V" first="V." last="Juarez">V. Juarez</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Alaxia SAS</s1><s2>Lyon</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palu, G" sort="Palu, G" uniqKey="Palu G" first="G." last="Palu'">G. Palu'</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Padua University, Department of Molecular Medicine</s1><s2>Padua</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mastrangelo, G" sort="Mastrangelo, G" uniqKey="Mastrangelo G" first="G." last="Mastrangelo">G. Mastrangelo</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Padua University, Department of Molecular Medicine</s1><s2>Padua</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Calistri, A" sort="Calistri, A" uniqKey="Calistri A" first="A." last="Calistri">A. Calistri</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Padua University, Department of Molecular Medicine</s1><s2>Padua</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">International journal of hygiene and environmental health</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Int. j. hyg. environ. health : (print)</title><idno type="ISSN">1438-4639</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">International journal of hygiene and environmental health</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Int. j. hyg. environ. health : (print)</title><idno type="ISSN">1438-4639</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>2009</term><term>Antiviral</term><term>Biological activity</term><term>Check</term><term>Disinfection</term><term>Environmental medicine</term><term>H1N1 influenza</term><term>Health and environment</term><term>In vitro</term><term>Infection</term><term>Influenzavirus</term><term>Prevention</term><term>Public health</term><term>Treatment</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infection</term><term>Activité biologique</term><term>In vitro</term><term>Antiviral</term><term>2009</term><term>Santé publique</term><term>Influenzavirus</term><term>Prévention</term><term>Traitement</term><term>Contrôle</term><term>Désinfection</term><term>Santé et environnement</term><term>Médecine environnementale</term><term>Pandémie</term><term>Grippe H1N1</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Influenza virus spreads via small particle aerosols, droplets and fomites, and since it can survive for a short time on surfaces, can be introduced into the nasal mucosa before it loses infectivity. The hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN<sup>-</sup>), product of the lactoperoxidase/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2/</sub>SCN<sup>-</sup> system of central airways, is emerging as an important molecule for innate defense mechanism against bacteria, fungi and viruses. Here we demonstrated that OSCN<sup>-</sup> displays virucidal activity in vitro against the A/H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza virus. The concentration required to inhibit viral replication by 50% was 2 μM when virus were challenged directly with OSCN<sup>-</sup> before cell inoculation. These values were even lower when inoculated cells were maintained in contact with enzyme free-OSCN<sup>-</sup> in the culture medium. The last experimental conditions better reflect those of tracheobronchial mucosa, where HOSCN/OSCN<sup>-</sup> is retained in the air-liquid interface and inactivates both the viruses approaching the epithelium from outside and those released from the inoculated cells after the replication cycle. Importantly no OSCN<sup>-</sup> cytotoxicity was observed in the cellular system employed. The lack of toxicity in humans and the absence of damage on surfaces of fomites suggest a potential use of OSCN<sup>-</sup> to avoid mucosal and environmental transmission of influenza virus. Since hypothiocyanite is normally present in human airways a low risk of viral resistance is envisaged. In vivo confirmatory studies are needed to evaluate the appropriate dose, regimen and formulation.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>1438-4639</s0></fA01><fA03 i2="1"><s0>Int. j. hyg. environ. health : (print)</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>217</s2></fA05><fA06><s2>1</s2></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>In vitro antiviral activity of hypothiocyanite against A/H1N1/2009 pandemic influenza virus</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>CEGOLON (L.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>SALATA (C.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>PICCOLI (E.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>JUAREZ (V.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>PALU' (G.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>MASTRANGELO (G.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>CALISTRI (A.)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Padua University, Department of Molecular Medicine</s1><s2>Padua</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>Imperial College London, School of Public Health, St. Mary's Campus</s1><s2>London</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="03"><s1>Alaxia SAS</s1><s2>Lyon</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA20><s1>17-22</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2014</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>7500</s2><s5>354000505792760030</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2014 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>3/4 p.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>14-0075821</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>International journal of hygiene and environmental health</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>DEU</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Influenza virus spreads via small particle aerosols, droplets and fomites, and since it can survive for a short time on surfaces, can be introduced into the nasal mucosa before it loses infectivity. The hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN<sup>-</sup>), product of the lactoperoxidase/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2/</sub>SCN<sup>-</sup> system of central airways, is emerging as an important molecule for innate defense mechanism against bacteria, fungi and viruses. Here we demonstrated that OSCN<sup>-</sup> displays virucidal activity in vitro against the A/H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza virus. The concentration required to inhibit viral replication by 50% was 2 μM when virus were challenged directly with OSCN<sup>-</sup> before cell inoculation. These values were even lower when inoculated cells were maintained in contact with enzyme free-OSCN<sup>-</sup> in the culture medium. The last experimental conditions better reflect those of tracheobronchial mucosa, where HOSCN/OSCN<sup>-</sup> is retained in the air-liquid interface and inactivates both the viruses approaching the epithelium from outside and those released from the inoculated cells after the replication cycle. Importantly no OSCN<sup>-</sup> cytotoxicity was observed in the cellular system employed. The lack of toxicity in humans and the absence of damage on surfaces of fomites suggest a potential use of OSCN<sup>-</sup> to avoid mucosal and environmental transmission of influenza virus. Since hypothiocyanite is normally present in human airways a low risk of viral resistance is envisaged. In vivo confirmatory studies are needed to evaluate the appropriate dose, regimen and formulation.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002B03</s0></fC02><fC02 i1="02" i2="X"><s0>002B30A02A</s0></fC02><fC02 i1="03" i2="X"><s0>002B02S05</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Infection</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Infection</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Infección</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Activité biologique</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Biological activity</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Actividad biológica</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>In vitro</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>In vitro</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>In vitro</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Antiviral</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Antiviral</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Antiviral</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>2009</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>2009</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>2009</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Santé publique</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Public health</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Salud pública</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Influenzavirus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Influenzavirus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Influenzavirus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Prévention</s0><s5>11</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Prevention</s0><s5>11</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Prevención</s0><s5>11</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Traitement</s0><s5>12</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Treatment</s0><s5>12</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Tratamiento</s0><s5>12</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Contrôle</s0><s5>17</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Check</s0><s5>17</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Control</s0><s5>17</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Désinfection</s0><s5>18</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Disinfection</s0><s5>18</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Desinfección</s0><s5>18</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Santé et environnement</s0><s5>25</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Health and environment</s0><s5>25</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Salud y medio ambiente</s0><s5>25</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Médecine environnementale</s0><s5>26</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Environmental medicine</s0><s5>26</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Medicina ambiental</s0><s5>26</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pandémie</s0><s4>INC</s4><s5>86</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Grippe H1N1</s0><s4>CD</s4><s5>96</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>H1N1 influenza</s0><s4>CD</s4><s5>96</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Gripe H1N1</s0><s4>CD</s4><s5>96</s5></fC03><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Orthomyxoviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Orthomyxoviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Orthomyxoviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Virus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Virus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pathologie de l'appareil respiratoire</s0><s5>37</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Respiratory disease</s0><s5>37</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Aparato respiratorio patología</s0><s5>37</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virose</s0><s5>38</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Viral disease</s0><s5>38</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Virosis</s0><s5>38</s5></fC07><fN21><s1>104</s1></fN21><fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1></fN44><fN82><s1>OTO</s1></fN82></pA></standard><server><NO>PASCAL 14-0075821 INIST</NO><ET>In vitro antiviral activity of hypothiocyanite against A/H1N1/2009 pandemic influenza virus</ET><AU>CEGOLON (L.); SALATA (C.); PICCOLI (E.); JUAREZ (V.); PALU' (G.); MASTRANGELO (G.); CALISTRI (A.)</AU><AF>Padua University, Department of Molecular Medicine/Padua/Italie (1 aut., 2 aut., 3 aut., 5 aut., 6 aut., 7 aut.); Imperial College London, School of Public Health, St. Mary's Campus/London/Royaume-Uni (1 aut.); Alaxia SAS/Lyon/France (4 aut.)</AF><DT>Publication en série; Niveau analytique</DT><SO>International journal of hygiene and environmental health; ISSN 1438-4639; Allemagne; Da. 2014; Vol. 217; No. 1; Pp. 17-22; Bibl. 3/4 p.</SO><LA>Anglais</LA><EA>Influenza virus spreads via small particle aerosols, droplets and fomites, and since it can survive for a short time on surfaces, can be introduced into the nasal mucosa before it loses infectivity. The hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN<sup>-</sup>), product of the lactoperoxidase/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2/</sub>SCN<sup>-</sup> system of central airways, is emerging as an important molecule for innate defense mechanism against bacteria, fungi and viruses. Here we demonstrated that OSCN<sup>-</sup> displays virucidal activity in vitro against the A/H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza virus. The concentration required to inhibit viral replication by 50% was 2 μM when virus were challenged directly with OSCN<sup>-</sup> before cell inoculation. These values were even lower when inoculated cells were maintained in contact with enzyme free-OSCN<sup>-</sup> in the culture medium. The last experimental conditions better reflect those of tracheobronchial mucosa, where HOSCN/OSCN<sup>-</sup> is retained in the air-liquid interface and inactivates both the viruses approaching the epithelium from outside and those released from the inoculated cells after the replication cycle. Importantly no OSCN<sup>-</sup> cytotoxicity was observed in the cellular system employed. The lack of toxicity in humans and the absence of damage on surfaces of fomites suggest a potential use of OSCN<sup>-</sup> to avoid mucosal and environmental transmission of influenza virus. Since hypothiocyanite is normally present in human airways a low risk of viral resistance is envisaged. In vivo confirmatory studies are needed to evaluate the appropriate dose, regimen and formulation.</EA><CC>002B03; 002B30A02A; 002B02S05</CC><FD>Infection; Activité biologique; In vitro; Antiviral; 2009; Santé publique; Influenzavirus; Prévention; Traitement; Contrôle; Désinfection; Santé et environnement; Médecine environnementale; Pandémie; Grippe H1N1</FD><FG>Orthomyxoviridae; Virus; Pathologie de l'appareil respiratoire; Virose</FG><ED>Infection; Biological activity; In vitro; Antiviral; 2009; Public health; Influenzavirus; Prevention; Treatment; Check; Disinfection; Health and environment; Environmental medicine; H1N1 influenza</ED><EG>Orthomyxoviridae; Virus; Respiratory disease; Viral disease</EG><SD>Infección; Actividad biológica; In vitro; Antiviral; 2009; Salud pública; Influenzavirus; Prevención; Tratamiento; Control; Desinfección; Salud y medio ambiente; Medicina ambiental; Gripe H1N1</SD><LO>INIST-7500.354000505792760030</LO><ID>14-0075821</ID></server></inist></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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