Virological Surveillance and Preliminary Antigenic Characterization of Influenza Viruses in Pigs in Five European Countries from 2006 to 2008
Identifieur interne : 001D15 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001D14; suivant : 001D16Virological Surveillance and Preliminary Antigenic Characterization of Influenza Viruses in Pigs in Five European Countries from 2006 to 2008
Auteurs : C. S. Kyriakis ; I. H. Brown ; E. Foni ; G. Kuntz-Simon ; J. Maldonado ; F. Madec ; S. C. Essen ; C. Chiapponi ; K. Van ReethSource :
- Zoonoses and Public Health [ 1863-1959 ] ; 2011-03.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Afssa, Antibody titres, Antigenic, Antigenic evolution, Antigenic relatedness, Assay, Belgium, Blackwell verlag gmbh zoonoses, Chain reaction, European countries, European pigs, Ghent university, Gmbh, Great britain, Hemagglutination, Hemagglutination inhibition, Hipra, Hong kong, Human viruses, Hyperimmune, Hyperimmune sera, Isolation rate, Istituto sperimentale della lombardia, Izsler, Kyriakis, Loeffen, Novel reassortant viruses, Pensaert, Personal communication, Pig, Prototype, Reassortant, Reassortant viruses, Reeth, Second generation, Sivs, Subtypes, Subtyping, Surveillance, Swine, Swine populations, Swine viruses, Titre, Ugent, Vaccinated herds, Vaccine, Verlag, Veterinary medicine, Virological, Virological surveillance, Virus, Virus isolation, Zoonosis.
Abstract
This study presents the results of the virological surveillance for swine influenza viruses (SIVs) in Belgium, UK, Italy, France and Spain from 2006 to 2008. Our major aims were to clarify the occurrence of the three SIV subtypes – H1N1, H3N2 and H1N2 – at regional levels, to identify novel reassortant viruses and to antigenically compare SIVs with human H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses. Lung tissue and/or nasal swabs from outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in pigs were investigated by virus isolation. The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were determined using standard methods. Of the total 169 viruses, 81 were classified as ‘avian‐like’ H1N1, 36 as human‐like H3N2 and 47 as human‐like H1N2. Only five novel reassortant viruses were identified: two H1N1 viruses had a human‐like HA and three H1N2 viruses an avian‐like HA. All three SIV subtypes were detected in Belgium, Italy and Spain, while only H1N1 and H1N2 viruses were found in UK and Northwestern France. Cross‐hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests with hyperimmune sera against selected older and recent human influenza viruses showed a strong antigenic relationship between human H1N1 and H3N2 viruses from the 1980s and H1N2 and H3N2 human‐like SIVs, confirming their common origin. However, antisera against human viruses isolated during the last decade did not react with currently circulating H1 or H3 SIVs, suggesting that especially young people may be, to some degree, susceptible to SIV infections.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01301.x
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:C77AC63DBE76E501802B5C4B555AF23818DBCFDALe document en format XML
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Kyriakis</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, I H" sort="Brown, I H" uniqKey="Brown I" first="I. H." last="Brown">I. H. Brown</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Veterinary Laboratories Agency‐Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foni, E" sort="Foni, E" uniqKey="Foni E" first="E." last="Foni">E. Foni</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Parma, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuntz Imon, G" sort="Kuntz Imon, G" uniqKey="Kuntz Imon G" first="G." last="Kuntz-Simon">G. Kuntz-Simon</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Ploufragan, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maldonado, J" sort="Maldonado, J" uniqKey="Maldonado J" first="J." last="Maldonado">J. Maldonado</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Laboratorios HIPRA S.A., Girona, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madec, F" sort="Madec, F" uniqKey="Madec F" first="F." last="Madec">F. Madec</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Ploufragan, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Essen, S C" sort="Essen, S C" uniqKey="Essen S" first="S. C." last="Essen">S. C. Essen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Veterinary Laboratories Agency‐Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chiapponi, C" sort="Chiapponi, C" uniqKey="Chiapponi C" first="C." last="Chiapponi">C. Chiapponi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Parma, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Reeth, K" sort="Van Reeth, K" uniqKey="Van Reeth K" first="K." last="Van Reeth">K. Van Reeth</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Zoonoses and Public Health</title><title level="j" type="alt">ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH</title><idno type="ISSN">1863-1959</idno><idno type="eISSN">1863-2378</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">58</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="93">93</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="101">101</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">9</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-03">2011-03</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1863-1959</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1863-1959</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Afssa</term><term>Antibody titres</term><term>Antigenic</term><term>Antigenic evolution</term><term>Antigenic relatedness</term><term>Assay</term><term>Belgium</term><term>Blackwell verlag gmbh zoonoses</term><term>Chain reaction</term><term>European countries</term><term>European pigs</term><term>Ghent university</term><term>Gmbh</term><term>Great britain</term><term>Hemagglutination</term><term>Hemagglutination inhibition</term><term>Hipra</term><term>Hong kong</term><term>Human viruses</term><term>Hyperimmune</term><term>Hyperimmune sera</term><term>Isolation rate</term><term>Istituto sperimentale della lombardia</term><term>Izsler</term><term>Kyriakis</term><term>Loeffen</term><term>Novel reassortant viruses</term><term>Pensaert</term><term>Personal communication</term><term>Pig</term><term>Prototype</term><term>Reassortant</term><term>Reassortant viruses</term><term>Reeth</term><term>Second generation</term><term>Sivs</term><term>Subtypes</term><term>Subtyping</term><term>Surveillance</term><term>Swine</term><term>Swine populations</term><term>Swine viruses</term><term>Titre</term><term>Ugent</term><term>Vaccinated herds</term><term>Vaccine</term><term>Verlag</term><term>Veterinary medicine</term><term>Virological</term><term>Virological surveillance</term><term>Virus</term><term>Virus isolation</term><term>Zoonosis</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This study presents the results of the virological surveillance for swine influenza viruses (SIVs) in Belgium, UK, Italy, France and Spain from 2006 to 2008. Our major aims were to clarify the occurrence of the three SIV subtypes – H1N1, H3N2 and H1N2 – at regional levels, to identify novel reassortant viruses and to antigenically compare SIVs with human H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses. Lung tissue and/or nasal swabs from outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in pigs were investigated by virus isolation. The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were determined using standard methods. Of the total 169 viruses, 81 were classified as ‘avian‐like’ H1N1, 36 as human‐like H3N2 and 47 as human‐like H1N2. Only five novel reassortant viruses were identified: two H1N1 viruses had a human‐like HA and three H1N2 viruses an avian‐like HA. All three SIV subtypes were detected in Belgium, Italy and Spain, while only H1N1 and H1N2 viruses were found in UK and Northwestern France. Cross‐hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests with hyperimmune sera against selected older and recent human influenza viruses showed a strong antigenic relationship between human H1N1 and H3N2 viruses from the 1980s and H1N2 and H3N2 human‐like SIVs, confirming their common origin. However, antisera against human viruses isolated during the last decade did not react with currently circulating H1 or H3 SIVs, suggesting that especially young people may be, to some degree, susceptible to SIV infections.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>sivs</json:string><json:string>antigenic</json:string><json:string>hyperimmune</json:string><json:string>human viruses</json:string><json:string>reassortant</json:string><json:string>virological</json:string><json:string>reeth</json:string><json:string>hyperimmune sera</json:string><json:string>subtyping</json:string><json:string>virological surveillance</json:string><json:string>hipra</json:string><json:string>zoonosis</json:string><json:string>afssa</json:string><json:string>swine</json:string><json:string>izsler</json:string><json:string>pensaert</json:string><json:string>gmbh</json:string><json:string>blackwell verlag gmbh zoonoses</json:string><json:string>swine viruses</json:string><json:string>virus isolation</json:string><json:string>verlag</json:string><json:string>hemagglutination</json:string><json:string>ugent</json:string><json:string>kyriakis</json:string><json:string>loeffen</json:string><json:string>second generation</json:string><json:string>vaccine</json:string><json:string>virus</json:string><json:string>assay</json:string><json:string>subtypes</json:string><json:string>european countries</json:string><json:string>hemagglutination inhibition</json:string><json:string>belgium</json:string><json:string>veterinary medicine</json:string><json:string>great britain</json:string><json:string>novel reassortant viruses</json:string><json:string>antibody titres</json:string><json:string>european pigs</json:string><json:string>ghent university</json:string><json:string>hong kong</json:string><json:string>istituto sperimentale della lombardia</json:string><json:string>reassortant viruses</json:string><json:string>antigenic evolution</json:string><json:string>swine populations</json:string><json:string>vaccinated herds</json:string><json:string>chain reaction</json:string><json:string>isolation rate</json:string><json:string>antigenic relatedness</json:string><json:string>personal communication</json:string><json:string>prototype</json:string><json:string>titre</json:string><json:string>pig</json:string><json:string>surveillance</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>C. S. Kyriakis</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>I. H. Brown</name><affiliations><json:string>Veterinary Laboratories Agency‐Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>E. Foni</name><affiliations><json:string>Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Parma, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G. Kuntz‐Simon</name><affiliations><json:string>Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Ploufragan, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J. Maldonado</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratorios HIPRA S.A., Girona, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>F. Madec</name><affiliations><json:string>Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Ploufragan, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. C. Essen</name><affiliations><json:string>Veterinary Laboratories Agency‐Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C. Chiapponi</name><affiliations><json:string>Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Parma, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>K. Van Reeth</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Swine influenza virus</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>pigs</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>virological surveillance</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>antigenic characterization</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Europe</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>ZPH1301</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-TK7W1WW4-Q</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>This study presents the results of the virological surveillance for swine influenza viruses (SIVs) in Belgium, UK, Italy, France and Spain from 2006 to 2008. Our major aims were to clarify the occurrence of the three SIV subtypes – H1N1, H3N2 and H1N2 – at regional levels, to identify novel reassortant viruses and to antigenically compare SIVs with human H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses. Lung tissue and/or nasal swabs from outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in pigs were investigated by virus isolation. The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were determined using standard methods. Of the total 169 viruses, 81 were classified as ‘avian‐like’ H1N1, 36 as human‐like H3N2 and 47 as human‐like H1N2. Only five novel reassortant viruses were identified: two H1N1 viruses had a human‐like HA and three H1N2 viruses an avian‐like HA. All three SIV subtypes were detected in Belgium, Italy and Spain, while only H1N1 and H1N2 viruses were found in UK and Northwestern France. Cross‐hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests with hyperimmune sera against selected older and recent human influenza viruses showed a strong antigenic relationship between human H1N1 and H3N2 viruses from the 1980s and H1N2 and H3N2 human‐like SIVs, confirming their common origin. However, antisera against human viruses isolated during the last decade did not react with currently circulating H1 or H3 SIVs, suggesting that especially young people may be, to some degree, susceptible to SIV infections.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>9.784</score><pdfWordCount>5678</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>36247</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>9</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 782.362 pts</pdfPageSize><pdfWordsPerPage>631</pdfWordsPerPage><pdfText>true</pdfText><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>232</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1498</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>5</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Virological Surveillance and Preliminary Antigenic Characterization of Influenza Viruses in Pigs in Five European Countries from 2006 to 2008</title><pmid><json:string>20042068</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>Zoonoses and Public Health</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1863-2378</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>1863-1959</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1863-2378</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>ZPH</json:string></publisherId><volume>58</volume><issue>2</issue><pages><first>93</first><last>101</last><total>9</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>2011</json:string><json:string>1979</json:string><json:string>1968</json:string><json:string>1990s</json:string><json:string>2006</json:string><json:string>1998</json:string><json:string>31-03-2009</json:string><json:string>1987</json:string><json:string>1976</json:string><json:string>1994</json:string><json:string>1999</json:string><json:string>1970s</json:string><json:string>from January 2006 to December 2008</json:string><json:string>2008</json:string><json:string>1980s</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan</json:string><json:string>VLA</json:string><json:string>Spain Impacts</json:string><json:string>Veterinary Laboratories Agency</json:string><json:string>Northern Italy and Brittany</json:string><json:string>Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University</json:string><json:string>World Organization for Animal Health</json:string><json:string>Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge</json:string><json:string>Belgium, UK, Italy, France and Spain</json:string><json:string>Northern Italy and Spain</json:string><json:string>Ghent University</json:string><json:string>UK and Brittany</json:string><json:string>Ministry of Health</json:string><json:string>Belgium, Germany, Italy and Spain</json:string><json:string>Spain HI</json:string><json:string>Centers for Disease Control, Prevention (CDC)</json:string><json:string>World Health Organization (WHO)</json:string><json:string>OIE</json:string><json:string>PCR France Brittanyb HI</json:string><json:string>Thermo Electronic Corporation</json:string><json:string>UK and Northwestern France</json:string><json:string>Belgium, Italy and Spain</json:string><json:string>NIBSC</json:string><json:string>National Institute for Biological Standards and Control</json:string><json:string>Mexico, the United States of America</json:string><json:string>Italy and France</json:string><json:string>Belgium Flandersa HI</json:string><json:string>Italy Northern Italy HI</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>Eric Eveno</json:string><json:string>G. 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Brown</json:string><json:string>Van Reeth</json:string><json:string>Stephane Queguiner</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Hertfordshire</json:string><json:string>Chile</json:string><json:string>UK</json:string><json:string>Girona</json:string><json:string>Taiwan</json:string><json:string>Venlo</json:string><json:string>American</json:string><json:string>Parma</json:string><json:string>Europe</json:string><json:string>Solomon Islands</json:string><json:string>Philippines</json:string><json:string>Denmark</json:string><json:string>United Kingdom</json:string><json:string>France</json:string><json:string>Italy</json:string><json:string>Spain</json:string><json:string>Belgium</json:string><json:string>Netherlands</json:string></placeName><ref_url><json:string>http://www.esnip.ugent.be/</json:string></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Harkness et al., 1972</json:string><json:string>Campitelli et al., 1997</json:string><json:string>Kuntz-Simon et al., 2005</json:string><json:string>Masurel et al., 1983</json:string><json:string>Brown et al., 1998</json:string><json:string>Brown, 2000</json:string><json:string>Europe 2006</json:string><json:string>Top and Russel, 1977</json:string><json:string>Van Reeth et al., 2001</json:string><json:string>Brown et al., 1995b</json:string><json:string>Gourreau et al., 1994</json:string><json:string>Aymard-Henry et al. 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Kyriakis et al.</json:string><json:string>Heinen et al., 2001</json:string><json:string>Pensaert et al., 1981</json:string><json:string>Palmer et al., 1975</json:string><json:string>Castrucci et al., 1994</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-TK7W1WW4-Q</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - veterinary sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - infectious diseases</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - applied sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - agriculture, fisheries & forestry</json:string><json:string>3 - veterinary sciences</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - Infectious Diseases</json:string><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health</json:string><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Veterinary</json:string><json:string>3 - General Veterinary</json:string><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Immunology and Microbiology</json:string><json:string>3 - General Immunology and Microbiology</json:string><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - Epidemiology</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences medicales</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>2011</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2011</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01301.x</json:string></doi><id>C77AC63DBE76E501802B5C4B555AF23818DBCFDA</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-TK7W1WW4-Q/fulltext.pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-TK7W1WW4-Q/bundle.zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-TK7W1WW4-Q/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">Virological Surveillance and Preliminary Antigenic Characterization of Influenza Viruses in Pigs in Five European Countries from 2006 to 2008</title><title level="a" type="short">Virological Surveillance for Swine Influenza in Europe 2006–2008</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><licence>© 2009 Blackwell Verlag GmbH</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2011-03"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Virological Surveillance and Preliminary Antigenic Characterization of Influenza Viruses in Pigs in Five European Countries from 2006 to 2008</title><title level="a" type="short">Virological Surveillance for Swine Influenza in Europe 2006–2008</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">C. 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H.</forename><surname>Brown</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="laboratory"> Veterinary Laboratories Agency‐Weybridge</orgName><address><addrLine>Addlestone</addrLine><addrLine>Surrey, UK</addrLine><country key="GB" xml:lang="en">UNITED KINGDOM</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">E.</forename><surname>Foni</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution"> Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna</orgName><address><addrLine>Parma</addrLine><addrLine>Italy</addrLine><country key="IT" xml:lang="en">ITALY</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">G.</forename><surname>Kuntz‐Simon</surname></persName><affiliation><address><addrLine> Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments</addrLine><addrLine>Ploufragan, France</addrLine><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">J.</forename><surname>Maldonado</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="laboratory"> Laboratorios HIPRA S.A.</orgName><address><addrLine>Girona</addrLine><addrLine>Spain</addrLine><country key="ES" xml:lang="en">SPAIN</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">F.</forename><surname>Madec</surname></persName><affiliation><address><addrLine> Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments</addrLine><addrLine>Ploufragan, France</addrLine><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">S. C.</forename><surname>Essen</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="laboratory"> Veterinary Laboratories Agency‐Weybridge</orgName><address><addrLine>Addlestone</addrLine><addrLine>Surrey, UK</addrLine><country key="GB" xml:lang="en">UNITED KINGDOM</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0007"><persName><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Chiapponi</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution"> Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna</orgName><address><addrLine>Parma</addrLine><addrLine>Italy</addrLine><country key="IT" xml:lang="en">ITALY</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0008"><persName><forename type="first">K.</forename><surname>Van Reeth</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="laboratory"> Laboratory of Virology</orgName><orgName type="department">Faculty of Veterinary Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">Ghent University</orgName><address><addrLine>Merelbeke</addrLine><addrLine>Belgium</addrLine><country key="BE" xml:lang="en">BELGIUM</country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">C77AC63DBE76E501802B5C4B555AF23818DBCFDA</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-TK7W1WW4-Q</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01301.x</idno><idno type="unit">ZPH1301</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:ZPH.ZPH1301.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Zoonoses and Public Health</title><title level="j" type="alt">ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH</title><idno type="pISSN">1863-1959</idno><idno type="eISSN">1863-2378</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1863-2378</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/jvb.2011.58.issue-2</idno><idno type="product">ZPH</idno><idno type="publisherDivision">ST</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">58</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="93">93</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="101">101</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">9</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-03"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><encodingDesc><schemaRef type="ODD" url="https://xml-schema.delivery.istex.fr/tei-istex.odd"></schemaRef><appInfo><application ident="pub2tei" version="1.0.10" when="2019-12-20"><label>pub2TEI-ISTEX</label><desc>A set of style sheets for converting XML documents encoded in various scientific publisher formats into a common TEI format.
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Van Reeth. Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B‐9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. Tel.: +32 9 264 73 69; Fax: +32 9 264 74 95; E‐mail: <email>kristien.vanreeth@ugent.be</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:ZPH.ZPH1301.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received for publication May 6, 2009</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="2"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="4"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Virological Surveillance and Preliminary Antigenic Characterization of Influenza Viruses in Pigs in Five European Countries from 2006 to 2008</title><title type="shortAuthors">C. S. Kyriakis et al.</title><title type="short">Virological Surveillance for Swine Influenza in Europe 2006–2008</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>C. S.</givenNames><familyName>Kyriakis</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>I. 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Our major aims were to clarify the occurrence of the three SIV subtypes – H1N1, H3N2 and H1N2 – at regional levels, to identify novel reassortant viruses and to antigenically compare SIVs with human H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses. Lung tissue and/or nasal swabs from outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in pigs were investigated by virus isolation. The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were determined using standard methods. Of the total 169 viruses, 81 were classified as ‘avian‐like’ H1N1, 36 as human‐like H3N2 and 47 as human‐like H1N2. Only five novel reassortant viruses were identified: two H1N1 viruses had a human‐like HA and three H1N2 viruses an avian‐like HA. All three SIV subtypes were detected in Belgium, Italy and Spain, while only H1N1 and H1N2 viruses were found in UK and Northwestern France. Cross‐hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests with hyperimmune sera against selected older and recent human influenza viruses showed a strong antigenic relationship between human H1N1 and H3N2 viruses from the 1980s and H1N2 and H3N2 human‐like SIVs, confirming their common origin. However, antisera against human viruses isolated during the last decade did not react with currently circulating H1 or H3 SIVs, suggesting that especially young people may be, to some degree, susceptible to SIV infections.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Virological Surveillance and Preliminary Antigenic Characterization of Influenza Viruses in Pigs in Five European Countries from 2006 to 2008</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Virological Surveillance for Swine Influenza in Europe 2006–2008</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Virological Surveillance and Preliminary Antigenic Characterization of Influenza Viruses in Pigs in Five European Countries from 2006 to 2008</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C. 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H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Brown</namePart><affiliation> Veterinary Laboratories Agency‐Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Foni</namePart><affiliation> Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Parma, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kuntz‐Simon</namePart><affiliation> Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Ploufragan, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Maldonado</namePart><affiliation> Laboratorios HIPRA S.A., Girona, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Madec</namePart><affiliation> Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Ploufragan, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Essen</namePart><affiliation> Veterinary Laboratories Agency‐Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chiapponi</namePart><affiliation> Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Parma, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Van Reeth</namePart><affiliation> Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-03</dateIssued><edition>Received for publication May 6, 2009</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">2</extent><extent unit="tables">4</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">This study presents the results of the virological surveillance for swine influenza viruses (SIVs) in Belgium, UK, Italy, France and Spain from 2006 to 2008. Our major aims were to clarify the occurrence of the three SIV subtypes – H1N1, H3N2 and H1N2 – at regional levels, to identify novel reassortant viruses and to antigenically compare SIVs with human H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses. Lung tissue and/or nasal swabs from outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in pigs were investigated by virus isolation. The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were determined using standard methods. Of the total 169 viruses, 81 were classified as ‘avian‐like’ H1N1, 36 as human‐like H3N2 and 47 as human‐like H1N2. Only five novel reassortant viruses were identified: two H1N1 viruses had a human‐like HA and three H1N2 viruses an avian‐like HA. All three SIV subtypes were detected in Belgium, Italy and Spain, while only H1N1 and H1N2 viruses were found in UK and Northwestern France. Cross‐hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests with hyperimmune sera against selected older and recent human influenza viruses showed a strong antigenic relationship between human H1N1 and H3N2 viruses from the 1980s and H1N2 and H3N2 human‐like SIVs, confirming their common origin. However, antisera against human viruses isolated during the last decade did not react with currently circulating H1 or H3 SIVs, suggesting that especially young people may be, to some degree, susceptible to SIV infections.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Swine influenza virus</topic><topic>pigs</topic><topic>virological surveillance</topic><topic>antigenic characterization</topic><topic>Europe</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Zoonoses and Public Health</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1863-1959</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1863-2378</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1863-2378</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ZPH</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>58</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>93</start><end>101</end><total>9</total></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit1"><titleInfo><title>Influenza virus neuraminidase and neuraminidase‐inhibition test procedures</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Aymard‐Henry</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. 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