2009 pandemic characteristics and controlling experiences of influenza H1N1 virus 1 year after the inception in Hangzhou, China
Identifieur interne : 001981 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001980; suivant : 0019822009 pandemic characteristics and controlling experiences of influenza H1N1 virus 1 year after the inception in Hangzhou, China
Auteurs : She-Lan Liu ; Zhi-Ruo Zhang ; Chengmin Wang ; Ying Dong ; Lun-Biao Cui ; Xu-Hui Yang ; Zhou Sun ; Jing Wang ; Jin Chen ; Ren-Jie Huang ; Fan Miao ; Bing Ruan ; Li Xie ; Hong-Xuan He ; Jing DengSource :
- Journal of Medical Virology [ 0146-6615 ] ; 2010-12.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Chronic lung disease, Cleavage site, Critical cases, Disease control, Euro surveill, Exemplary contributions, Fatal cases, Fatality rate, Glycosylation sites, Grant number, Grant sponsor, Hangzhou, Hangzhou center, Hangzhou city, Hangzhou pandemic, Infectious diseases, Jiangsu province, Jiangsu province center, Laboratory results, Mmwr morb, Novel virus, November, Nucleic acid, Other cities, Other countries, Pandemic, Pandemic characteristics, Pregnant women, Protein templates, Public health, Regional distribution, Respiratory failure, Secondary attack rate, Secondary cases, Severe cases, Sore throat, Timeline distribution, Total number, Vaccine, Vaccine strain, Virol, Virus, Virus investigation team, Virus pandemic, Vital statistics, Zhejiang province, Zhejiang university.
Abstract
This paper described the epidemiology and controlling experiences of influenza H1N1 in Hangzhou in the past 1 year. A total of 2,078 cases confirmed by real‐time quantitative PCR till March 31, 2010, were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 software. During the early pandemic stage, a patient must be tested for H1N1 nucleic acid once he/she had influenza‐like symptoms with the epidemiological history in 7 days, and be diagnosed if it was positive. But in the pandemic peak, we made efforts to identify and save severe cases combined with pneumonia or hypoxemia or respiratory failure or septic shock or multiple organ dysfunctions and failure. In general, the prevalence was 2.77/100,000 (2,078/7,510,844); severity rate, 10.44% (217/2,078); fatality rate, 0.48% (10/2,078). The carrier and secondary attack rate were 9.52% (58/612) and 8.66% (53/612), respectively. About 50% of serious cases and 100% of deaths had the basic underlying diseases: cardiovascular diseases, 13.66% (25/217); chronic lung disease, 12.02% (22/217); pregnant, 7.1% (13/217). Of all cases aged from 1 month to 89 years, 52.99% (1,435/2,708) were in the 10–29 years, with most of them distributed in downtown area. The timeline showed two epidemic peaks occurred in September and November 2009, respectively. Furthermore, the hemagglutinin gene remained 99% identical with the American and vaccine strains, but only 70% with the 1947–2008 Chinese strains. In conclusion, Hangzhou pandemic influenza H1N1 was caused by the highly conserved virus, with low prevalence, transmission, and mortality, because we took efficient controlling methods. J. Med. Virol. 82:1985–1995, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21964
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:1810946C94E31D2F337DA78B0C1023AAA3103247Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">2009 pandemic characteristics and controlling experiences of influenza H1N1 virus 1 year after the inception in Hangzhou, China</title><author><name sortKey="Liu, She An" sort="Liu, She An" uniqKey="Liu S" first="She-Lan" last="Liu">She-Lan Liu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Zhi Uo" sort="Zhang, Zhi Uo" uniqKey="Zhang Z" first="Zhi-Ruo" last="Zhang">Zhi-Ruo Zhang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Health Policy Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Chengmin" sort="Wang, Chengmin" uniqKey="Wang C" first="Chengmin" last="Wang">Chengmin Wang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Concervation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dong, Ying" sort="Dong, Ying" uniqKey="Dong Y" first="Ying" last="Dong">Ying Dong</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cui, Lun Iao" sort="Cui, Lun Iao" uniqKey="Cui L" first="Lun-Biao" last="Cui">Lun-Biao Cui</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Microbiology Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Xu Ui" sort="Yang, Xu Ui" uniqKey="Yang X" first="Xu-Hui" last="Yang">Xu-Hui Yang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Zhou" sort="Sun, Zhou" uniqKey="Sun Z" first="Zhou" last="Sun">Zhou Sun</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jing" sort="Wang, Jing" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jing" last="Wang">Jing Wang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jin" sort="Chen, Jin" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Jin" last="Chen">Jin Chen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Ren Ie" sort="Huang, Ren Ie" uniqKey="Huang R" first="Ren-Jie" last="Huang">Ren-Jie Huang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miao, Fan" sort="Miao, Fan" uniqKey="Miao F" first="Fan" last="Miao">Fan Miao</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruan, Bing" sort="Ruan, Bing" uniqKey="Ruan B" first="Bing" last="Ruan">Bing Ruan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases in China, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xie, Li" sort="Xie, Li" uniqKey="Xie L" first="Li" last="Xie">Li Xie</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: hbxieli@tom.com</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Correspondence address: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mingshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, China.===</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="He, Hong Uan" sort="He, Hong Uan" uniqKey="He H" first="Hong-Xuan" last="He">Hong-Xuan He</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Concervation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deng, Jing" sort="Deng, Jing" uniqKey="Deng J" first="Jing" last="Deng">Jing Deng</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Correspondence address: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mingshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, China.===</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:1810946C94E31D2F337DA78B0C1023AAA3103247</idno><date when="2010" year="2010">2010</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/jmv.21964</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-W9T56T6G-J/fulltext.pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001981</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001981</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">2009 pandemic characteristics and controlling experiences of influenza H1N1 virus 1 year after the inception in Hangzhou, China</title><author><name sortKey="Liu, She An" sort="Liu, She An" uniqKey="Liu S" first="She-Lan" last="Liu">She-Lan Liu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Zhi Uo" sort="Zhang, Zhi Uo" uniqKey="Zhang Z" first="Zhi-Ruo" last="Zhang">Zhi-Ruo Zhang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Health Policy Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Chengmin" sort="Wang, Chengmin" uniqKey="Wang C" first="Chengmin" last="Wang">Chengmin Wang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Concervation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dong, Ying" sort="Dong, Ying" uniqKey="Dong Y" first="Ying" last="Dong">Ying Dong</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cui, Lun Iao" sort="Cui, Lun Iao" uniqKey="Cui L" first="Lun-Biao" last="Cui">Lun-Biao Cui</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Microbiology Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Xu Ui" sort="Yang, Xu Ui" uniqKey="Yang X" first="Xu-Hui" last="Yang">Xu-Hui Yang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Zhou" sort="Sun, Zhou" uniqKey="Sun Z" first="Zhou" last="Sun">Zhou Sun</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jing" sort="Wang, Jing" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jing" last="Wang">Jing Wang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jin" sort="Chen, Jin" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Jin" last="Chen">Jin Chen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Ren Ie" sort="Huang, Ren Ie" uniqKey="Huang R" first="Ren-Jie" last="Huang">Ren-Jie Huang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miao, Fan" sort="Miao, Fan" uniqKey="Miao F" first="Fan" last="Miao">Fan Miao</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruan, Bing" sort="Ruan, Bing" uniqKey="Ruan B" first="Bing" last="Ruan">Bing Ruan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases in China, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xie, Li" sort="Xie, Li" uniqKey="Xie L" first="Li" last="Xie">Li Xie</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: hbxieli@tom.com</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Correspondence address: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mingshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, China.===</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="He, Hong Uan" sort="He, Hong Uan" uniqKey="He H" first="Hong-Xuan" last="He">Hong-Xuan He</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Concervation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deng, Jing" sort="Deng, Jing" uniqKey="Deng J" first="Jing" last="Deng">Jing Deng</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Correspondence address: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mingshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, China.===</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Medical Virology</title><title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY</title><idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno><idno type="eISSN">1096-9071</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">82</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">12</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1985">1985</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1995">1995</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">11</biblScope><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-12">2010-12</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Chronic lung disease</term><term>Cleavage site</term><term>Critical cases</term><term>Disease control</term><term>Euro surveill</term><term>Exemplary contributions</term><term>Fatal cases</term><term>Fatality rate</term><term>Glycosylation sites</term><term>Grant number</term><term>Grant sponsor</term><term>Hangzhou</term><term>Hangzhou center</term><term>Hangzhou city</term><term>Hangzhou pandemic</term><term>Infectious diseases</term><term>Jiangsu province</term><term>Jiangsu province center</term><term>Laboratory results</term><term>Mmwr morb</term><term>Novel virus</term><term>November</term><term>Nucleic acid</term><term>Other cities</term><term>Other countries</term><term>Pandemic</term><term>Pandemic characteristics</term><term>Pregnant women</term><term>Protein templates</term><term>Public health</term><term>Regional distribution</term><term>Respiratory failure</term><term>Secondary attack rate</term><term>Secondary cases</term><term>Severe cases</term><term>Sore throat</term><term>Timeline distribution</term><term>Total number</term><term>Vaccine</term><term>Vaccine strain</term><term>Virol</term><term>Virus</term><term>Virus investigation team</term><term>Virus pandemic</term><term>Vital statistics</term><term>Zhejiang province</term><term>Zhejiang university</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This paper described the epidemiology and controlling experiences of influenza H1N1 in Hangzhou in the past 1 year. A total of 2,078 cases confirmed by real‐time quantitative PCR till March 31, 2010, were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 software. During the early pandemic stage, a patient must be tested for H1N1 nucleic acid once he/she had influenza‐like symptoms with the epidemiological history in 7 days, and be diagnosed if it was positive. But in the pandemic peak, we made efforts to identify and save severe cases combined with pneumonia or hypoxemia or respiratory failure or septic shock or multiple organ dysfunctions and failure. In general, the prevalence was 2.77/100,000 (2,078/7,510,844); severity rate, 10.44% (217/2,078); fatality rate, 0.48% (10/2,078). The carrier and secondary attack rate were 9.52% (58/612) and 8.66% (53/612), respectively. About 50% of serious cases and 100% of deaths had the basic underlying diseases: cardiovascular diseases, 13.66% (25/217); chronic lung disease, 12.02% (22/217); pregnant, 7.1% (13/217). Of all cases aged from 1 month to 89 years, 52.99% (1,435/2,708) were in the 10–29 years, with most of them distributed in downtown area. The timeline showed two epidemic peaks occurred in September and November 2009, respectively. Furthermore, the hemagglutinin gene remained 99% identical with the American and vaccine strains, but only 70% with the 1947–2008 Chinese strains. In conclusion, Hangzhou pandemic influenza H1N1 was caused by the highly conserved virus, with low prevalence, transmission, and mortality, because we took efficient controlling methods. J. Med. Virol. 82:1985–1995, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>hangzhou</json:string><json:string>virol</json:string><json:string>severe cases</json:string><json:string>november</json:string><json:string>pandemic</json:string><json:string>pregnant women</json:string><json:string>disease control</json:string><json:string>secondary attack rate</json:string><json:string>virus pandemic</json:string><json:string>zhejiang province</json:string><json:string>vaccine</json:string><json:string>euro surveill</json:string><json:string>infectious diseases</json:string><json:string>public health</json:string><json:string>mmwr morb</json:string><json:string>chronic lung disease</json:string><json:string>sore throat</json:string><json:string>zhejiang university</json:string><json:string>fatality rate</json:string><json:string>nucleic acid</json:string><json:string>hangzhou pandemic</json:string><json:string>jiangsu province</json:string><json:string>novel virus</json:string><json:string>pandemic characteristics</json:string><json:string>other countries</json:string><json:string>grant sponsor</json:string><json:string>grant number</json:string><json:string>other cities</json:string><json:string>jiangsu province center</json:string><json:string>critical cases</json:string><json:string>fatal cases</json:string><json:string>laboratory results</json:string><json:string>respiratory failure</json:string><json:string>protein templates</json:string><json:string>secondary cases</json:string><json:string>total number</json:string><json:string>hangzhou city</json:string><json:string>timeline distribution</json:string><json:string>regional distribution</json:string><json:string>vaccine strain</json:string><json:string>glycosylation sites</json:string><json:string>cleavage site</json:string><json:string>vital statistics</json:string><json:string>hangzhou center</json:string><json:string>exemplary contributions</json:string><json:string>virus investigation team</json:string><json:string>virus</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>She‐Lan Liu</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Zhi‐Ruo Zhang</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Health Policy Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Chengmin Wang</name><affiliations><json:string>National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Concervation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ying Dong</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Lun‐Biao Cui</name><affiliations><json:string>Microbiology Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Province, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Xu‐Hui Yang</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Zhou Sun</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jing Wang</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jin Chen</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ren‐Jie Huang</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Fan Miao</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Bing Ruan</name><affiliations><json:string>National Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases in China, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Li Xie</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</json:string><json:string>E-mail: hbxieli@tom.com</json:string><json:string>Correspondence address: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mingshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, China.===</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Hong‐Xuan He</name><affiliations><json:string>National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Concervation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jing Deng</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</json:string><json:string>Correspondence address: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mingshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, China.===</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>influenza A (H1N1)</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>epidemiological characteristics</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>hemagglutinin gene</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>JMV21964</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-W9T56T6G-J</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>This paper described the epidemiology and controlling experiences of influenza H1N1 in Hangzhou in the past 1 year. A total of 2,078 cases confirmed by real‐time quantitative PCR till March 31, 2010, were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 software. During the early pandemic stage, a patient must be tested for H1N1 nucleic acid once he/she had influenza‐like symptoms with the epidemiological history in 7 days, and be diagnosed if it was positive. But in the pandemic peak, we made efforts to identify and save severe cases combined with pneumonia or hypoxemia or respiratory failure or septic shock or multiple organ dysfunctions and failure. In general, the prevalence was 2.77/100,000 (2,078/7,510,844); severity rate, 10.44% (217/2,078); fatality rate, 0.48% (10/2,078). The carrier and secondary attack rate were 9.52% (58/612) and 8.66% (53/612), respectively. About 50% of serious cases and 100% of deaths had the basic underlying diseases: cardiovascular diseases, 13.66% (25/217); chronic lung disease, 12.02% (22/217); pregnant, 7.1% (13/217). Of all cases aged from 1 month to 89 years, 52.99% (1,435/2,708) were in the 10–29 years, with most of them distributed in downtown area. The timeline showed two epidemic peaks occurred in September and November 2009, respectively. Furthermore, the hemagglutinin gene remained 99% identical with the American and vaccine strains, but only 70% with the 1947–2008 Chinese strains. In conclusion, Hangzhou pandemic influenza H1N1 was caused by the highly conserved virus, with low prevalence, transmission, and mortality, because we took efficient controlling methods. J. Med. 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Hoffmann-LaRoche</json:string><json:string>Japanese</json:string><json:string>Fan Miao</json:string><json:string>Jin Chen</json:string><json:string>Li Xie</json:string><json:string>Ren-Jie Huang</json:string><json:string>J. Med</json:string><json:string>Caledonia</json:string><json:string>Professor Hua</json:string><json:string>Xu-Hui Yang</json:string><json:string>Bing Ruan</json:string><json:string>Zhai</json:string><json:string>Jing Deng</json:string><json:string>I. Primers</json:string><json:string>Vital Statistics</json:string><json:string>Blue</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Switzerland</json:string><json:string>Mexico</json:string><json:string>Hangzhou</json:string><json:string>American</json:string><json:string>China</json:string><json:string>Japan</json:string><json:string>America</json:string><json:string>Basel</json:string><json:string>Nanjing</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Maenaka and Jones, 1999</json:string><json:string>Efstathiou et al., 2010</json:string><json:string>Huang et al., 2009</json:string><json:string>Gavin et al., 2009</json:string><json:string>Dolin et al., 1977</json:string><json:string>Vincent et al., 2009</json:string><json:string>Janice et al., 2009</json:string><json:string>September and November 2009</json:string><json:string>Delaney and Fowler, 2010</json:string><json:string>Jamieson et al., 2009</json:string><json:string>Boone and Gerba, 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2000</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-W9T56T6G-J</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - virology</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - health sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - biomedical research</json:string><json:string>3 - virology</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - Infectious Diseases</json:string><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Immunology and Microbiology</json:string><json:string>3 - Virology</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences 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Hangzhou</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><availability><licence>Copyright © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2010-12"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">2009 pandemic characteristics and controlling experiences of influenza H1N1 virus 1 year after the inception in Hangzhou, China</title><title level="a" type="short" xml:lang="en">Influenza H1N1 Virus Pandemic in Hangzhou</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">She‐Lan</forename><surname>Liu</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Infectious Diseases</orgName><orgName type="institution">Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention</orgName><address><addrLine>Zhejiang Province</addrLine><addrLine>China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Zhi‐Ruo</forename><surname>Zhang</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="laboratory">Department of Health Policy Research</orgName><orgName type="institution">Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Public Health</orgName><address><addrLine>Shanghai</addrLine><addrLine>China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Chengmin</forename><surname>Wang</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases</orgName><orgName type="laboratory">Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Concervation Biology</orgName><orgName type="institution">Institute of Zoology</orgName><orgName type="institution">Chinese Academy of Sciences</orgName><address><addrLine>Beijing</addrLine><addrLine>China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Ying</forename><surname>Dong</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Oncology</orgName><orgName type="institution">the Second Affiliated Hospital</orgName><orgName type="institution">College of Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">Zhejiang University</orgName><address><addrLine>Zhejiang Province</addrLine><addrLine>China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Lun‐Biao</forename><surname>Cui</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="laboratory">Microbiology Laboratory</orgName><orgName type="institution">Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention</orgName><address><addrLine>Jiangsu Province</addrLine><addrLine>China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">Xu‐Hui</forename><surname>Yang</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Infectious Diseases</orgName><orgName type="institution">Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention</orgName><address><addrLine>Zhejiang Province</addrLine><addrLine>China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">Zhou</forename><surname>Sun</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Infectious Diseases</orgName><orgName type="institution">Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention</orgName><address><addrLine>Zhejiang Province</addrLine><addrLine>China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0007"><persName><forename type="first">Jing</forename><surname>Wang</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Infectious Diseases</orgName><orgName type="institution">Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention</orgName><address><addrLine>Zhejiang Province</addrLine><addrLine>China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0008"><persName><forename type="first">Jin</forename><surname>Chen</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Infectious Diseases</orgName><orgName type="institution">Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention</orgName><address><addrLine>Zhejiang Province</addrLine><addrLine>China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0009"><persName><forename type="first">Ren‐Jie</forename><surname>Huang</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Infectious Diseases</orgName><orgName type="institution">Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention</orgName><address><addrLine>Zhejiang Province</addrLine><addrLine>China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0010"><persName><forename type="first">Fan</forename><surname>Miao</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Infectious Diseases</orgName><orgName type="institution">Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention</orgName><address><addrLine>Zhejiang Province</addrLine><addrLine>China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0011"><persName><forename type="first">Bing</forename><surname>Ruan</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="laboratory">National Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases in China</orgName><orgName type="institution">The First Affiliated Hospital</orgName><orgName type="institution">College of Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">Zhejiang University</orgName><address><addrLine>Hangzhou</addrLine><addrLine>China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0012" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">Li</forename><surname>Xie</surname></persName><email>hbxieli@tom.com</email><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Infectious Diseases</orgName><orgName type="institution">Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention</orgName><address><addrLine>Zhejiang 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<ref target="http://www.tei-c.org/">We use TEI</ref></desc></application></appInfo></encodingDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><head>Abstract</head><p>This paper described the epidemiology and controlling experiences of influenza H1N1 in Hangzhou in the past 1 year. A total of 2,078 cases confirmed by real‐time quantitative PCR till March 31, 2010, were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 software. During the early pandemic stage, a patient must be tested for H1N1 nucleic acid once he/she had influenza‐like symptoms with the epidemiological history in 7 days, and be diagnosed if it was positive. But in the pandemic peak, we made efforts to identify and save severe cases combined with pneumonia or hypoxemia or respiratory failure or septic shock or multiple organ dysfunctions and failure. In general, the prevalence was 2.77/100,000 (2,078/7,510,844); severity rate, 10.44% (217/2,078); fatality rate, 0.48% (10/2,078). The carrier and secondary attack rate were 9.52% (58/612) and 8.66% (53/612), respectively. About 50% of serious cases and 100% of deaths had the basic underlying diseases: cardiovascular diseases, 13.66% (25/217); chronic lung disease, 12.02% (22/217); pregnant, 7.1% (13/217). Of all cases aged from 1 month to 89 years, 52.99% (1,435/2,708) were in the 10–29 years, with most of them distributed in downtown area. The timeline showed two epidemic peaks occurred in September and November 2009, respectively. Furthermore, the hemagglutinin gene remained 99% identical with the American and vaccine strains, but only 70% with the 1947–2008 Chinese strains. In conclusion, Hangzhou pandemic influenza H1N1 was caused by the highly conserved virus, with low prevalence, transmission, and mortality, because we took efficient controlling methods. J. Med. 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number="4873"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">2009 pandemic characteristics and controlling experiences of influenza H1N1 virus 1 year after the inception in Hangzhou, China<link href="#fn1"></link></title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">Influenza H1N1 Virus Pandemic in Hangzhou</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>She‐Lan</givenNames><familyName>Liu</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Zhi‐Ruo</givenNames><familyName>Zhang</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3"><personName><givenNames>Chengmin</givenNames><familyName>Wang</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af4"><personName><givenNames>Ying</givenNames><familyName>Dong</familyName></personName></creator><creator 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affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Fan</givenNames><familyName>Miao</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au12" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af6"><personName><givenNames>Bing</givenNames><familyName>Ruan</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au13" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Li</givenNames><familyName>Xie</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email>hbxieli@tom.com</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="au14" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3"><personName><givenNames>Hong‐Xuan</givenNames><familyName>He</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au15" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Jing</givenNames><familyName>Deng</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="CN" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="CN" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Health Policy Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="CN" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Concervation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af4" countryCode="CN" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, China</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af5" countryCode="CN" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Microbiology Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Province, China</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af6" countryCode="CN" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>National Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases in China, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">influenza A (H1N1)</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">epidemiological characteristics</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">hemagglutinin gene</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>National Natural Science Foundation of China</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>30901285</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Mega‐projects of Science Research for the 11th Five‐Year Plan of China</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>2009ZX10004‐901</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>This paper described the epidemiology and controlling experiences of influenza H1N1 in Hangzhou in the past 1 year. A total of 2,078 cases confirmed by real‐time quantitative PCR till March 31, 2010, were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 software. During the early pandemic stage, a patient must be tested for H1N1 nucleic acid once he/she had influenza‐like symptoms with the epidemiological history in 7 days, and be diagnosed if it was positive. But in the pandemic peak, we made efforts to identify and save severe cases combined with pneumonia or hypoxemia or respiratory failure or septic shock or multiple organ dysfunctions and failure. In general, the prevalence was 2.77/100,000 (2,078/7,510,844); severity rate, 10.44% (217/2,078); fatality rate, 0.48% (10/2,078). The carrier and secondary attack rate were 9.52% (58/612) and 8.66% (53/612), respectively. About 50% of serious cases and 100% of deaths had the basic underlying diseases: cardiovascular diseases, 13.66% (25/217); chronic lung disease, 12.02% (22/217); pregnant, 7.1% (13/217). Of all cases aged from 1 month to 89 years, 52.99% (1,435/2,708) were in the 10–29 years, with most of them distributed in downtown area. The timeline showed two epidemic peaks occurred in September and November 2009, respectively. Furthermore, the hemagglutinin gene remained 99% identical with the American and vaccine strains, but only 70% with the 1947–2008 Chinese strains. In conclusion, Hangzhou pandemic influenza H1N1 was caused by the highly conserved virus, with low prevalence, transmission, and mortality, because we took efficient controlling methods. J. Med. Virol. 82:1985–1995, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p>She‐Lan Liu, Zhi‐Ruo Zhang, Chengmin Wang, and Ying Dong have contributed equally to this work.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>2009 pandemic characteristics and controlling experiences of influenza H1N1 virus 1 year after the inception in Hangzhou, China</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Influenza H1N1 Virus Pandemic in Hangzhou</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>2009 pandemic characteristics and controlling experiences of influenza H1N1 virus 1 year after the inception in Hangzhou, China</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">She‐Lan</namePart><namePart type="family">Liu</namePart><affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Zhi‐Ruo</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart><affiliation>Department of Health Policy Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Chengmin</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><affiliation>National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Concervation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ying</namePart><namePart type="family">Dong</namePart><affiliation>Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lun‐Biao</namePart><namePart type="family">Cui</namePart><affiliation>Microbiology Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Province, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Xu‐Hui</namePart><namePart type="family">Yang</namePart><affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Zhou</namePart><namePart type="family">Sun</namePart><affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jing</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jin</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ren‐Jie</namePart><namePart type="family">Huang</namePart><affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Fan</namePart><namePart type="family">Miao</namePart><affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bing</namePart><namePart type="family">Ruan</namePart><affiliation>National Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases in China, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Li</namePart><namePart type="family">Xie</namePart><affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: hbxieli@tom.com</affiliation><affiliation>Correspondence address: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mingshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, China.===</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hong‐Xuan</namePart><namePart type="family">He</namePart><affiliation>National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Concervation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jing</namePart><namePart type="family">Deng</namePart><affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China</affiliation><affiliation>Correspondence address: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mingshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, China.===</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-12</dateIssued><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2010-08-16</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">9</extent><extent unit="tables">1</extent><extent unit="references">38</extent><extent unit="words">4873</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">This paper described the epidemiology and controlling experiences of influenza H1N1 in Hangzhou in the past 1 year. A total of 2,078 cases confirmed by real‐time quantitative PCR till March 31, 2010, were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 software. During the early pandemic stage, a patient must be tested for H1N1 nucleic acid once he/she had influenza‐like symptoms with the epidemiological history in 7 days, and be diagnosed if it was positive. But in the pandemic peak, we made efforts to identify and save severe cases combined with pneumonia or hypoxemia or respiratory failure or septic shock or multiple organ dysfunctions and failure. In general, the prevalence was 2.77/100,000 (2,078/7,510,844); severity rate, 10.44% (217/2,078); fatality rate, 0.48% (10/2,078). The carrier and secondary attack rate were 9.52% (58/612) and 8.66% (53/612), respectively. About 50% of serious cases and 100% of deaths had the basic underlying diseases: cardiovascular diseases, 13.66% (25/217); chronic lung disease, 12.02% (22/217); pregnant, 7.1% (13/217). Of all cases aged from 1 month to 89 years, 52.99% (1,435/2,708) were in the 10–29 years, with most of them distributed in downtown area. The timeline showed two epidemic peaks occurred in September and November 2009, respectively. Furthermore, the hemagglutinin gene remained 99% identical with the American and vaccine strains, but only 70% with the 1947–2008 Chinese strains. In conclusion, Hangzhou pandemic influenza H1N1 was caused by the highly conserved virus, with low prevalence, transmission, and mortality, because we took efficient controlling methods. J. Med. Virol. 82:1985–1995, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><note type="content">*She‐Lan Liu, Zhi‐Ruo Zhang, Chengmin Wang, and Ying Dong have contributed equally to this work.</note><note type="funding">National Natural Science Foundation of China - No. 30901285; </note><note type="funding">Mega‐projects of Science Research for the 11th Five‐Year Plan of China - No. 2009ZX10004‐901; </note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>influenza A (H1N1)</topic><topic>epidemiological characteristics</topic><topic>hemagglutinin gene</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Medical Virology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Med. 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