Mouse lung‐adapted mutation of E190G in hemagglutinin from H5N1 influenza virus contributes to attenuation in mice
Identifieur interne : 000920 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000919; suivant : 000921Mouse lung‐adapted mutation of E190G in hemagglutinin from H5N1 influenza virus contributes to attenuation in mice
Auteurs : Pengfei Han ; Yi Hu ; Wei Sun ; Sen Zhang ; Yuchang Li ; Xiaoyan Wu ; Yinhui Yang ; Qingyu Zhu ; Tao Jiang ; Jing Li ; Chengfeng QinSource :
- Journal of Medical Virology [ 0146-6615 ] ; 2015-11.
Abstract
The highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus is one of the greatest influenza pandemic threats since 2003. The association of the receptor binding domain (RBD) with the virulence of influenza virus is rarely addressed, particularly of H5N1 influenza viruses. In this study, BALB/c mice were intranasally infected with A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (VN1194, H5N1). The mouse lung‐adapted variants were isolated and the mutation of E190G (H3 numbering) in the RBD was recognized. The recombinant virus, rVN‐E190G carrying E190G in hemagglutinin (HA) was designed and rescued using reverse genetics techniques. The receptor binding activity, growth curve and pathogenicity in mice of the rVN‐E190G were investigated. Results demonstrated that rVN‐E190G virus increased the binding avidity to α2,6 SA (sialic acid) and reduced the affinity to α2,3 SA, meanwhile weakened the viral replication in vitro. Moreover, the virulence assessment demonstrated that rVN‐E190G was attenuated in mice. These results indicated that the mutation E190G in HA decreases H5N1 viral replication in vitro and significantly attenuates virulence in vivo. These findings identify one of the determinants in RBD which can be associated with H5N1 virulence in mice. J. Med. Virol. 87:1816–1822, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24257
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:B3ACC6CB74E03A31AD78DEECF543785DA5D9C4FDLe document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Mouse lung‐adapted mutation of E190G in hemagglutinin from H5N1 influenza virus contributes to attenuation in mice</title>
<author><name sortKey="Han, Pengfei" sort="Han, Pengfei" uniqKey="Han P" first="Pengfei" last="Han">Pengfei Han</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hu, Yi" sort="Hu, Yi" uniqKey="Hu Y" first="Yi" last="Hu">Yi Hu</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sun, Wei" sort="Sun, Wei" uniqKey="Sun W" first="Wei" last="Sun">Wei Sun</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Sen" sort="Zhang, Sen" uniqKey="Zhang S" first="Sen" last="Zhang">Sen Zhang</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Yuchang" sort="Li, Yuchang" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yuchang" last="Li">Yuchang Li</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wu, Xiaoyan" sort="Wu, Xiaoyan" uniqKey="Wu X" first="Xiaoyan" last="Wu">Xiaoyan Wu</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Yinhui" sort="Yang, Yinhui" uniqKey="Yang Y" first="Yinhui" last="Yang">Yinhui Yang</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhu, Qingyu" sort="Zhu, Qingyu" uniqKey="Zhu Q" first="Qingyu" last="Zhu">Qingyu Zhu</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jiang, Tao" sort="Jiang, Tao" uniqKey="Jiang T" first="Tao" last="Jiang">Tao Jiang</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Jing" sort="Li, Jing" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jing" last="Li">Jing Li</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Correspondence to: Jing Li and Chengfeng Qin, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China. E‐mail: (J. L.); (C. Q.)</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: lj-pbs@163.comqincf@bmi.ac.cn</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qin, Chengfeng" sort="Qin, Chengfeng" uniqKey="Qin C" first="Chengfeng" last="Qin">Chengfeng Qin</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Correspondence to: Jing Li and Chengfeng Qin, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China. E‐mail: (J. L.); (C. Q.)</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: lj-pbs@163.comqincf@bmi.ac.cn</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno>
<idno type="RBID">ISTEX:B3ACC6CB74E03A31AD78DEECF543785DA5D9C4FD</idno>
<date when="2015" year="2015">2015</date>
<idno type="doi">10.1002/jmv.24257</idno>
<idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-8W33562B-J/fulltext.pdf</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000920</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000920</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Mouse lung‐adapted mutation of E190G in hemagglutinin from H5N1 influenza virus contributes to attenuation in mice</title>
<author><name sortKey="Han, Pengfei" sort="Han, Pengfei" uniqKey="Han P" first="Pengfei" last="Han">Pengfei Han</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hu, Yi" sort="Hu, Yi" uniqKey="Hu Y" first="Yi" last="Hu">Yi Hu</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sun, Wei" sort="Sun, Wei" uniqKey="Sun W" first="Wei" last="Sun">Wei Sun</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Sen" sort="Zhang, Sen" uniqKey="Zhang S" first="Sen" last="Zhang">Sen Zhang</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Yuchang" sort="Li, Yuchang" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yuchang" last="Li">Yuchang Li</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wu, Xiaoyan" sort="Wu, Xiaoyan" uniqKey="Wu X" first="Xiaoyan" last="Wu">Xiaoyan Wu</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Yinhui" sort="Yang, Yinhui" uniqKey="Yang Y" first="Yinhui" last="Yang">Yinhui Yang</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhu, Qingyu" sort="Zhu, Qingyu" uniqKey="Zhu Q" first="Qingyu" last="Zhu">Qingyu Zhu</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jiang, Tao" sort="Jiang, Tao" uniqKey="Jiang T" first="Tao" last="Jiang">Tao Jiang</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Jing" sort="Li, Jing" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jing" last="Li">Jing Li</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Correspondence to: Jing Li and Chengfeng Qin, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China. E‐mail: (J. L.); (C. Q.)</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: lj-pbs@163.comqincf@bmi.ac.cn</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qin, Chengfeng" sort="Qin, Chengfeng" uniqKey="Qin C" first="Chengfeng" last="Qin">Chengfeng Qin</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Correspondence to: Jing Li and Chengfeng Qin, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China. E‐mail: (J. L.); (C. Q.)</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: lj-pbs@163.comqincf@bmi.ac.cn</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr></monogr>
<series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Medical Virology</title>
<title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1096-9071</idno>
<imprint><biblScope unit="vol">87</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="1816">1816</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="1822">1822</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page-count">7</biblScope>
<date type="published" when="2015-11">2015-11</date>
</imprint>
<idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus is one of the greatest influenza pandemic threats since 2003. The association of the receptor binding domain (RBD) with the virulence of influenza virus is rarely addressed, particularly of H5N1 influenza viruses. In this study, BALB/c mice were intranasally infected with A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (VN1194, H5N1). The mouse lung‐adapted variants were isolated and the mutation of E190G (H3 numbering) in the RBD was recognized. The recombinant virus, rVN‐E190G carrying E190G in hemagglutinin (HA) was designed and rescued using reverse genetics techniques. The receptor binding activity, growth curve and pathogenicity in mice of the rVN‐E190G were investigated. Results demonstrated that rVN‐E190G virus increased the binding avidity to α2,6 SA (sialic acid) and reduced the affinity to α2,3 SA, meanwhile weakened the viral replication in vitro. Moreover, the virulence assessment demonstrated that rVN‐E190G was attenuated in mice. These results indicated that the mutation E190G in HA decreases H5N1 viral replication in vitro and significantly attenuates virulence in vivo. These findings identify one of the determinants in RBD which can be associated with H5N1 virulence in mice. J. Med. Virol. 87:1816–1822, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName>
<author><json:item><name>Pengfei Han</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Yi Hu</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Wei Sun</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Sen Zhang</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Yuchang Li</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Xiaoyan Wu</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Yinhui Yang</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Qingyu Zhu</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Tao jiang</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Jing Li</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</json:string>
<json:string>Correspondence to: Jing Li and Chengfeng Qin, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China. E‐mail: (J. L.); (C. Q.)</json:string>
<json:string>E-mail: lj-pbs@163.comqincf@bmi.ac.cn</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Chengfeng Qin</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</json:string>
<json:string>Correspondence to: Jing Li and Chengfeng Qin, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China. E‐mail: (J. L.); (C. Q.)</json:string>
<json:string>E-mail: lj-pbs@163.comqincf@bmi.ac.cn</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
</author>
<subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>H5N1</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>hemagglutinin</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>receptor binding domain</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>mouse model</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>attenuation</value>
</json:item>
</subject>
<articleId><json:string>JMV24257</json:string>
</articleId>
<arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-8W33562B-J</arkIstex>
<language><json:string>eng</json:string>
</language>
<originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string>
</originalGenre>
<abstract>The highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus is one of the greatest influenza pandemic threats since 2003. The association of the receptor binding domain (RBD) with the virulence of influenza virus is rarely addressed, particularly of H5N1 influenza viruses. In this study, BALB/c mice were intranasally infected with A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (VN1194, H5N1). The mouse lung‐adapted variants were isolated and the mutation of E190G (H3 numbering) in the RBD was recognized. The recombinant virus, rVN‐E190G carrying E190G in hemagglutinin (HA) was designed and rescued using reverse genetics techniques. The receptor binding activity, growth curve and pathogenicity in mice of the rVN‐E190G were investigated. Results demonstrated that rVN‐E190G virus increased the binding avidity to α2,6 SA (sialic acid) and reduced the affinity to α2,3 SA, meanwhile weakened the viral replication in vitro. Moreover, the virulence assessment demonstrated that rVN‐E190G was attenuated in mice. These results indicated that the mutation E190G in HA decreases H5N1 viral replication in vitro and significantly attenuates virulence in vivo. These findings identify one of the determinants in RBD which can be associated with H5N1 virulence in mice. J. Med. Virol. 87:1816–1822, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</abstract>
<qualityIndicators><score>8.891</score>
<pdfWordCount>4623</pdfWordCount>
<pdfCharCount>28075</pdfCharCount>
<pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion>
<pdfPageCount>7</pdfPageCount>
<pdfPageSize>593.972 x 792 pts</pdfPageSize>
<pdfWordsPerPage>660</pdfWordsPerPage>
<pdfText>true</pdfText>
<refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative>
<abstractWordCount>189</abstractWordCount>
<abstractCharCount>1297</abstractCharCount>
<keywordCount>5</keywordCount>
</qualityIndicators>
<title>Mouse lung‐adapted mutation of E190G in hemagglutinin from H5N1 influenza virus contributes to attenuation in mice</title>
<genre><json:string>article</json:string>
</genre>
<host><title>Journal of Medical Virology</title>
<language><json:string>unknown</json:string>
</language>
<doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071</json:string>
</doi>
<issn><json:string>0146-6615</json:string>
</issn>
<eissn><json:string>1096-9071</json:string>
</eissn>
<publisherId><json:string>JMV</json:string>
</publisherId>
<volume>87</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<pages><first>1816</first>
<last>1822</last>
<total>7</total>
</pages>
<genre><json:string>journal</json:string>
</genre>
<subject><json:item><value>Research Article</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><value>Research Articles</value>
</json:item>
</subject>
</host>
<ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-8W33562B-J</json:string>
</ark>
<categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string>
<json:string>2 - virology</json:string>
</wos>
<scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - health sciences</json:string>
<json:string>2 - biomedical research</json:string>
<json:string>3 - virology</json:string>
</scienceMetrix>
<scopus><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string>
<json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string>
<json:string>3 - Infectious Diseases</json:string>
<json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string>
<json:string>2 - Immunology and Microbiology</json:string>
<json:string>3 - Virology</json:string>
</scopus>
<inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string>
<json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string>
<json:string>3 - sciences medicales</json:string>
<json:string>4 - pathologie infectieuse</json:string>
</inist>
</categories>
<publicationDate>2015</publicationDate>
<copyrightDate>2015</copyrightDate>
<doi><json:string>10.1002/jmv.24257</json:string>
</doi>
<id>B3ACC6CB74E03A31AD78DEECF543785DA5D9C4FD</id>
<score>1</score>
<fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension>
<original>true</original>
<mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-8W33562B-J/fulltext.pdf</uri>
</json:item>
<json:item><extension>zip</extension>
<original>false</original>
<mimetype>application/zip</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-8W33562B-J/bundle.zip</uri>
</json:item>
<istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-8W33562B-J/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">Mouse lung‐adapted mutation of E190G in hemagglutinin from H5N1 influenza virus contributes to attenuation in mice</title>
<title level="a" type="short">E190G in HA of H5N1 Confer Attenuation</title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority>
<publisher ref="https://scientific-publisher.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/H02-QW5Q88H5-V">Wiley Publishing Ltd</publisher>
<availability><licence>© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</licence>
</availability>
<date type="published" when="2015-11"></date>
</publicationStmt>
<notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note>
<note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note>
</notesStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Mouse lung‐adapted mutation of E190G in hemagglutinin from H5N1 influenza virus contributes to attenuation in mice</title>
<title level="a" type="short">E190G in HA of H5N1 Confer Attenuation</title>
<author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Pengfei</forename>
<surname>Han</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Virology</orgName>
<orgName type="division">State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology</orgName>
<address><settlement>Beijing</settlement>
<country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Yi</forename>
<surname>Hu</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Virology</orgName>
<orgName type="division">State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology</orgName>
<address><settlement>Beijing</settlement>
<country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Wei</forename>
<surname>Sun</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Virology</orgName>
<orgName type="division">State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology</orgName>
<address><settlement>Beijing</settlement>
<country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Sen</forename>
<surname>Zhang</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Virology</orgName>
<orgName type="division">State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology</orgName>
<address><settlement>Beijing</settlement>
<country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Yuchang</forename>
<surname>Li</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Virology</orgName>
<orgName type="division">State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology</orgName>
<address><settlement>Beijing</settlement>
<country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">Xiaoyan</forename>
<surname>Wu</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Virology</orgName>
<orgName type="division">State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology</orgName>
<address><settlement>Beijing</settlement>
<country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">Yinhui</forename>
<surname>Yang</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Virology</orgName>
<orgName type="division">State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology</orgName>
<address><settlement>Beijing</settlement>
<country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0007"><persName><forename type="first">Qingyu</forename>
<surname>Zhu</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Virology</orgName>
<orgName type="division">State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology</orgName>
<address><settlement>Beijing</settlement>
<country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0008"><persName><forename type="first">Tao</forename>
<surname>jiang</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Virology</orgName>
<orgName type="division">State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology</orgName>
<address><settlement>Beijing</settlement>
<country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0009" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">Jing</forename>
<surname>Li</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Virology</orgName>
<orgName type="division">State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology</orgName>
<address><settlement>Beijing</settlement>
<country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0010" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">Chengfeng</forename>
<surname>Qin</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Virology</orgName>
<orgName type="division">State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology</orgName>
<address><settlement>Beijing</settlement>
<country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<idno type="istex">B3ACC6CB74E03A31AD78DEECF543785DA5D9C4FD</idno>
<idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-8W33562B-J</idno>
<idno type="DOI">10.1002/jmv.24257</idno>
<idno type="unit">JMV24257</idno>
<idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:JMV.JMV24257.pdf</idno>
</analytic>
<monogr><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Medical Virology</title>
<title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY</title>
<idno type="pISSN">0146-6615</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1096-9071</idno>
<idno type="book-DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071</idno>
<idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1002/jmv.v87.11</idno>
<idno type="product">JMV</idno>
<imprint><biblScope unit="vol">87</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="1816">1816</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="1822">1822</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page-count">7</biblScope>
<date type="published" when="2015-11"></date>
</imprint>
</monogr>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc><schemaRef type="ODD" url="https://xml-schema.delivery.istex.fr/tei-istex.odd"></schemaRef>
<appInfo><application ident="pub2tei" version="1.0.10" when="2019-12-20"><label>pub2TEI-ISTEX</label>
<desc>A set of style sheets for converting XML documents encoded in various scientific publisher formats into a common TEI format.
<ref target="http://www.tei-c.org/">We use TEI</ref>
</desc>
</application>
</appInfo>
</encodingDesc>
<profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><p>The highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus is one of the greatest influenza pandemic threats since 2003. The association of the receptor binding domain (RBD) with the virulence of influenza virus is rarely addressed, particularly of H5N1 influenza viruses. In this study, BALB/c mice were intranasally infected with A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (VN1194, H5N1). The mouse lung‐adapted variants were isolated and the mutation of E190G (H3 numbering) in the RBD was recognized. The recombinant virus, rVN‐E190G carrying E190G in hemagglutinin (HA) was designed and rescued using reverse genetics techniques. The receptor binding activity, growth curve and pathogenicity in mice of the rVN‐E190G were investigated. Results demonstrated that rVN‐E190G virus increased the binding avidity to α2,6 SA (sialic acid) and reduced the affinity to α2,3 SA, meanwhile weakened the viral replication in vitro. Moreover, the virulence assessment demonstrated that rVN‐E190G was attenuated in mice. These results indicated that the mutation E190G in HA decreases H5N1 viral replication in vitro and significantly attenuates virulence in vivo. These findings identify one of the determinants in RBD which can be associated with H5N1 virulence in mice. <hi rend="bold"><hi rend="italic">J. Med. Virol. 87:1816–1822, 2015</hi>
.</hi>
© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>
</abstract>
<textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="jmv24257-kwd-0001">H5N1</term>
<term xml:id="jmv24257-kwd-0002">hemagglutinin</term>
<term xml:id="jmv24257-kwd-0003">receptor binding domain</term>
<term xml:id="jmv24257-kwd-0004">mouse model</term>
<term xml:id="jmv24257-kwd-0005">attenuation</term>
</keywords>
<keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Research Article</term>
</keywords>
<keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Research Articles</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
<langUsage><language ident="en"></language>
</langUsage>
</profileDesc>
<revisionDesc><change when="2019-12-20" who="#istex" xml:id="pub2tei">formatting</change>
</revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>
</istex:fulltextTEI>
<json:item><extension>txt</extension>
<original>false</original>
<mimetype>text/plain</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-8W33562B-J/fulltext.txt</uri>
</json:item>
</fulltext>
<metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration>
<istex:document><component version="2.0" xml:lang="en" type="serialArticle" xml:id="jmv24257"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071</doi>
<issn type="print">0146-6615</issn>
<issn type="electronic">1096-9071</issn>
<idGroup><id type="product" value="JMV"></id>
</idGroup>
<titleGroup><title type="main" sort="JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY">Journal of Medical Virology</title>
<title type="short">J. Med. Virol.</title>
</titleGroup>
</publicationMeta>
<publicationMeta level="part" position="110"><doi registered="yes">10.1002/jmv.v87.11</doi>
<copyright ownership="publisher">© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</copyright>
<numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="87">87</numbering>
<numbering type="journalIssue">11</numbering>
</numberingGroup>
<coverDate startDate="2015-11">November 2015</coverDate>
</publicationMeta>
<publicationMeta level="unit" position="20" type="article" status="forIssue"><doi>10.1002/jmv.24257</doi>
<idGroup><id type="unit" value="JMV24257"></id>
</idGroup>
<countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="7"></count>
</countGroup>
<titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Research Article</title>
<title type="tocHeading1">Research Articles</title>
</titleGroup>
<copyright ownership="publisher">© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</copyright>
<eventGroup><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2015-05-04"></event>
<event type="xmlCreated" agent="Thomson Digital" date="2015-07-28"></event>
<event type="publishedOnlineAccepted" date="2015-06-18"></event>
<event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2015-07-30"></event>
<event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2015-09-01"></event>
<event type="firstOnline" date="2015-07-30"></event>
<event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.7.2 mode:FullText" date="2015-12-14"></event>
</eventGroup>
<numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">1816</numbering>
<numbering type="pageLast">1822</numbering>
</numberingGroup>
<correspondenceTo><lineatedText><line>Correspondence to: Jing Li and Chengfeng Qin, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China. E‐mail: <email>lj-pbs@163.com</email>
(J. L.); <email>qincf@bmi.ac.cn</email>
(C. Q.)</line>
</lineatedText>
</correspondenceTo>
<linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JMV.JMV24257.pdf"></link>
</linkGroup>
</publicationMeta>
<contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="main">Mouse lung‐adapted mutation of E190G in hemagglutinin from H5N1 influenza virus contributes to attenuation in mice</title>
<title type="short">E190G in HA of H5N1 Confer Attenuation</title>
<title type="shortAuthors">Han et al</title>
</titleGroup>
<creators><creator xml:id="jmv24257-cr-0001" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jmv24257-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Pengfei</givenNames>
<familyName>Han</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="jmv24257-cr-0002" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jmv24257-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Yi</givenNames>
<familyName>Hu</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="jmv24257-cr-0003" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jmv24257-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Wei</givenNames>
<familyName>Sun</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="jmv24257-cr-0004" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jmv24257-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Sen</givenNames>
<familyName>Zhang</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="jmv24257-cr-0005" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jmv24257-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Yuchang</givenNames>
<familyName>Li</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="jmv24257-cr-0006" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jmv24257-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Xiaoyan</givenNames>
<familyName>Wu</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="jmv24257-cr-0007" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jmv24257-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Yinhui</givenNames>
<familyName>Yang</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="jmv24257-cr-0008" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jmv24257-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Qingyu</givenNames>
<familyName>Zhu</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="jmv24257-cr-0009" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jmv24257-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Tao</givenNames>
<familyName>jiang</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="jmv24257-cr-0010" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jmv24257-aff-0001" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Jing</givenNames>
<familyName>Li</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="jmv24257-cr-0011" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jmv24257-aff-0001" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Chengfeng</givenNames>
<familyName>Qin</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
</creators>
<affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="jmv24257-aff-0001" countryCode="CN"><orgDiv>Department of Virology</orgDiv>
<orgDiv>State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity</orgDiv>
<orgName>Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology</orgName>
<address><city>Beijing</city>
<country>PR China</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</affiliationGroup>
<keywordGroup type="author" xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="jmv24257-kwd-0001">H5N1</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="jmv24257-kwd-0002">hemagglutinin</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="jmv24257-kwd-0003">receptor binding domain</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="jmv24257-kwd-0004">mouse model</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="jmv24257-kwd-0005">attenuation</keyword>
</keywordGroup>
<fundingInfo><fundingAgency>National Nature Science Foundation of China</fundingAgency>
<fundingNumber>31200119</fundingNumber>
</fundingInfo>
<fundingInfo><fundingAgency>National 973 Projects</fundingAgency>
<fundingNumber>2011CB504706 and 2012CB518904</fundingNumber>
</fundingInfo>
<abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><section xml:id="jmv24257-sec-0001"><p>The highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus is one of the greatest influenza pandemic threats since 2003. The association of the receptor binding domain (RBD) with the virulence of influenza virus is rarely addressed, particularly of H5N1 influenza viruses. In this study, BALB/c mice were intranasally infected with A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (VN1194, H5N1). The mouse lung‐adapted variants were isolated and the mutation of E190G (H3 numbering) in the RBD was recognized. The recombinant virus, rVN‐E190G carrying E190G in hemagglutinin (HA) was designed and rescued using reverse genetics techniques. The receptor binding activity, growth curve and pathogenicity in mice of the rVN‐E190G were investigated. Results demonstrated that rVN‐E190G virus increased the binding avidity to α2,6 SA (sialic acid) and reduced the affinity to α2,3 SA, meanwhile weakened the viral replication in vitro. Moreover, the virulence assessment demonstrated that rVN‐E190G was attenuated in mice. These results indicated that the mutation E190G in HA decreases H5N1 viral replication in vitro and significantly attenuates virulence in vivo. These findings identify one of the determinants in RBD which can be associated with H5N1 virulence in mice. <b><i>J. Med. Virol. 87:1816–1822, 2015</i>
.</b>
© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>
</section>
</abstract>
</abstractGroup>
</contentMeta>
</header>
</component>
</istex:document>
</istex:metadataXml>
<mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Mouse lung‐adapted mutation of E190G in hemagglutinin from H5N1 influenza virus contributes to attenuation in mice</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>E190G in HA of H5N1 Confer Attenuation</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Mouse lung‐adapted mutation of E190G in hemagglutinin from H5N1 influenza virus contributes to attenuation in mice</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Pengfei</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Han</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yi</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hu</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Wei</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Sun</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Sen</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yuchang</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Li</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Xiaoyan</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Wu</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yinhui</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yang</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Qingyu</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Zhu</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Tao</namePart>
<namePart type="family">jiang</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jing</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Li</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</affiliation>
<affiliation>Correspondence to: Jing Li and Chengfeng Qin, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China. E‐mail: (J. L.); (C. Q.)</affiliation>
<affiliation>E-mail: lj-pbs@163.comqincf@bmi.ac.cn</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Chengfeng</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Qin</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China</affiliation>
<affiliation>Correspondence to: Jing Li and Chengfeng Qin, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China. E‐mail: (J. L.); (C. Q.)</affiliation>
<affiliation>E-mail: lj-pbs@163.comqincf@bmi.ac.cn</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource>
<genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre>
<originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher>
<dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2015-11</dateIssued>
<dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2015-07-28</dateCreated>
<dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2015-05-04</dateValid>
<copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2015</copyrightDate>
</originInfo>
<language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm>
<languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm>
</language>
<abstract lang="en">The highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus is one of the greatest influenza pandemic threats since 2003. The association of the receptor binding domain (RBD) with the virulence of influenza virus is rarely addressed, particularly of H5N1 influenza viruses. In this study, BALB/c mice were intranasally infected with A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (VN1194, H5N1). The mouse lung‐adapted variants were isolated and the mutation of E190G (H3 numbering) in the RBD was recognized. The recombinant virus, rVN‐E190G carrying E190G in hemagglutinin (HA) was designed and rescued using reverse genetics techniques. The receptor binding activity, growth curve and pathogenicity in mice of the rVN‐E190G were investigated. Results demonstrated that rVN‐E190G virus increased the binding avidity to α2,6 SA (sialic acid) and reduced the affinity to α2,3 SA, meanwhile weakened the viral replication in vitro. Moreover, the virulence assessment demonstrated that rVN‐E190G was attenuated in mice. These results indicated that the mutation E190G in HA decreases H5N1 viral replication in vitro and significantly attenuates virulence in vivo. These findings identify one of the determinants in RBD which can be associated with H5N1 virulence in mice. J. Med. Virol. 87:1816–1822, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</abstract>
<note type="funding">National Nature Science Foundation of China - No. 31200119; </note>
<note type="funding">National 973 Projects - No. 2011CB504706 and 2012CB518904; </note>
<subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre>
<topic>H5N1</topic>
<topic>hemagglutinin</topic>
<topic>receptor binding domain</topic>
<topic>mouse model</topic>
<topic>attenuation</topic>
</subject>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Medical Virology</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Med. Virol.</title>
</titleInfo>
<genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre>
<subject><genre>article-category</genre>
<topic>Research Article</topic>
<topic>Research Articles</topic>
</subject>
<identifier type="ISSN">0146-6615</identifier>
<identifier type="eISSN">1096-9071</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071</identifier>
<identifier type="PublisherID">JMV</identifier>
<part><date>2015</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>87</number>
</detail>
<detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption>
<number>11</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1816</start>
<end>1822</end>
<total>7</total>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0001"><titleInfo><title>Pattern of mutation in the genome of influenza A virus on adaptation to increased virulence in the mouse lung: Identification of functional themes</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EG</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Brown</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Liu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LC</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kit</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Baird</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Nesrallah</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Brown EG, Liu H, Kit LC, Baird S, Nesrallah M. 2001. Pattern of mutation in the genome of influenza A virus on adaptation to increased virulence in the mouse lung: Identification of functional themes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:6883–6888.</note>
<part><date>2001</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>98</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>6883</start>
<end>6888</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2001</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>98</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>6883</start>
<end>6888</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0002"><titleInfo><title>Functional balance between the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 HA D222 variants</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Casalegno</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ferraris</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Escuret</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bouscambert</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bergeron</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Linès</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Excoffier</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Valette</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Frobert</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Pillet</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Pozzetto</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lina</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ottmann</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Casalegno JS, Ferraris O, Escuret V, Bouscambert M, Bergeron C, Linès L, Excoffier T, Valette M, Frobert E, Pillet S, Pozzetto B, Lina B, Ottmann M. 2014. Functional balance between the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 HA D222 variants. PLoS ONE 9:e104009.</note>
<part><date>2014</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>9</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>e104009</start>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>PLoS ONE</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2014</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>9</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>e104009</start>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0003"><titleInfo><title>Domain fishing: A first step in protein comparative modelling</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Contreras‐Moreira</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bates</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Contreras‐Moreira B, Bates PA. 2002. Domain fishing: A first step in protein comparative modelling. Bioinformatics 18:1141–1142.</note>
<part><date>2002</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>18</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1141</start>
<end>1142</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Bioinformatics</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2002</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>18</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1141</start>
<end>1142</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0004"><titleInfo><title>An updated loop‐mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid diagnosis of H5N1 avian influenza viruses</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DT</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Dinh</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MTQ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Le</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CD</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Vuong</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hasebe</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Morita</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Dinh DT, Le MTQ, Vuong CD, Hasebe F, Morita K. 2011. An updated loop‐mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid diagnosis of H5N1 avian influenza viruses. Trop Med Health 39:3–7.</note>
<part><date>2011</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>39</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>3</start>
<end>7</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Trop Med Health</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2011</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>39</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>3</start>
<end>7</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0005"><titleInfo><title>Antibody recognition of a highly conserved influenza virus epitope</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ekiert</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bhabha</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Elsliger</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Ekiert D, Bhabha G, Elsliger M. 2009. Antibody recognition of a highly conserved influenza virus epitope. Science 1857:246–251.</note>
<part><date>2009</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>1857</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>246</start>
<end>251</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Science</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2009</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>1857</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>246</start>
<end>251</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0006"><titleInfo><title>Specification of receptor‐binding phenotypes of influenza virus isolates from different hosts using synthetic sialylglycopolymers: Non‐egg‐adapted human H1 and H3 influenza A and influenza B viruses share a common high binding affinity for for 6'‐Sialyl (N‐acetyllactosamine)</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Gambaryan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AB</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tuzikov</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">VE</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Piskarev</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yamnikova</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DK</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lvov</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Gambaryan AS, Tuzikov AB, Piskarev VE, Yamnikova SS, Lvov DK. 1997. Specification of receptor‐binding phenotypes of influenza virus isolates from different hosts using synthetic sialylglycopolymers: Non‐egg‐adapted human H1 and H3 influenza A and influenza B viruses share a common high binding affinity for for 6'‐Sialyl (N‐acetyllactosamine). Virology 350:345–350.</note>
<part><date>1997</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>350</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>345</start>
<end>350</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Virology</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>1997</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>350</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>345</start>
<end>350</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0007"><titleInfo><title>Effective replication of human influenza viruses in mice lacking a major α2,6 sialyltransferase</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Glaser</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Conenello</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Paulson</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Palese</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Glaser L, Conenello G, Paulson J, Palese P. 2007. Effective replication of human influenza viruses in mice lacking a major α2,6 sialyltransferase. Virus Res 126:9–18.</note>
<part><date>2007</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>126</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>9</start>
<end>18</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Virus Res</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2007</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>126</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>9</start>
<end>18</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0008"><titleInfo><title>Mismatched hemagglutinin and neuraminidase specificities in recent human H3N2 influenza viruses</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">U</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Gulati</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Wu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Gulati</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kumari</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Waner</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Air</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Gulati U, Wu W, Gulati S, Kumari K, Waner JL, Air GM. 2005. Mismatched hemagglutinin and neuraminidase specificities in recent human H3N2 influenza viruses. Virology 339:12–20.</note>
<part><date>2005</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>339</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>12</start>
<end>20</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Virology</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2005</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>339</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>12</start>
<end>20</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0009"><titleInfo><title>Airborne transmission of influenza A/H5N1 virus between ferrets</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Herfst</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Schrauwen</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Linster</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chutinimitkul</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart>
<namePart type="family">de Wit</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">VJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Munster</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Sorrell</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bestebroer</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DF</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Burke</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Smith</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GF</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Rimmelzwaan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AD</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Osterhaus</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Fouchier</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Herfst S, Schrauwen EJ, Linster M, Chutinimitkul S, de Wit E, Munster VJ, Sorrell EM, Bestebroer TM, Burke DF, Smith DJ, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA. 2012. Airborne transmission of influenza A/H5N1 virus between ferrets. Science 336:1534–1541.</note>
<part><date>2012</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>336</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1534</start>
<end>1541</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Science</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2012</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>336</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1534</start>
<end>1541</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0010"><titleInfo><title>A DNA transfection system for generation of influenza A virus from eight plasmids</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hoffmann</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Neumann</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kawaoka</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hobom</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RG</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Webster</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Hoffmann E, Neumann G, Kawaoka Y, Hobom G, Webster RG. 2000. A DNA transfection system for generation of influenza A virus from eight plasmids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:6108–6113.</note>
<part><date>2000</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>97</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>6108</start>
<end>6113</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2000</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>97</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>6108</start>
<end>6113</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0011"><titleInfo><title>Influenza virus receptor specificity and cell tropism in mouse and human airway epithelial cells</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ibricevic</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Pekosz</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Walter</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Newby</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JT</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Battaile</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EG</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Brown</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Holtzman</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SL</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Brody</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Ibricevic A, Pekosz A, Walter MJ, Newby C, Battaile JT, Brown EG, Holtzman MJ, Brody SL. 2006. Influenza virus receptor specificity and cell tropism in mouse and human airway epithelial cells. J Virol 80:7469–7480.</note>
<part><date>2006</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>80</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>7469</start>
<end>7480</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Virol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2006</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>80</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>7469</start>
<end>7480</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0012"><titleInfo><title>The HA and NS genes of human H5N1 influenza A virus contribute to high virulence in ferrets</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Imai</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Shinya</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Takano</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kiso</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Muramoto</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Sakabe</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Murakami</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ito</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yamada</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MT</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Le</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Nidom</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Sakai‐Tagawa</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Takahashi</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Omori</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Noda</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Shimojima</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kakugawa</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Goto</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Iwatsuki‐Horimoto</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Horimoto</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kawaoka</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Imai H, Shinya K, Takano R, Kiso M, Muramoto Y, Sakabe S, Murakami S, Ito M, Yamada S, Le MT, Nidom CA, Sakai‐Tagawa Y, Takahashi K, Omori Y, Noda T, Shimojima M, Kakugawa S, Goto H, Iwatsuki‐Horimoto K, Horimoto T, Kawaoka Y. 2010. The HA and NS genes of human H5N1 influenza A virus contribute to high virulence in ferrets. PLoS Pathog 6:e1001106.</note>
<part><date>2010</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>6</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>e1001106</start>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>PLoS Pathog</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2010</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>6</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>e1001106</start>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0013"><titleInfo><title>Experimental adaptation of an influenza H5 HA confers respiratory droplet transmission to a reassortant H5 HA/H1N1 virus in ferrets</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Imai</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Watanabe</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hatta</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SC</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Das</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ozawa</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Shinya</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Zhong</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hanson</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Katsura</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Watanabe</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Li</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kawakami</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yamada</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kiso</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Suzuki</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Maher</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Neumann</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kawaoka</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Imai M, Watanabe T, Hatta M, Das SC, Ozawa M, Shinya K, Zhong G, Hanson A, Katsura H, Watanabe S, Li C, Kawakami E, Yamada S, Kiso M, Suzuki Y, Maher EA, Neumann G, Kawaoka Y. 2012. Experimental adaptation of an influenza H5 HA confers respiratory droplet transmission to a reassortant H5 HA/H1N1 virus in ferrets. Nature 486:420–428.</note>
<part><date>2012</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>486</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>420</start>
<end>428</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Nature</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2012</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>486</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>420</start>
<end>428</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0014"><titleInfo><title>Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus can enter the central nervous system and induce neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Jang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Boltz</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Sturm‐Ramirez</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KR</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Shepherd</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Jiao</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Webster</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Smeyne</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Jang H, Boltz D, Sturm‐Ramirez K, Shepherd KR, Jiao Y, Webster R, Smeyne RJ. 2009. Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus can enter the central nervous system and induce neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:14063–14068.</note>
<part><date>2009</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>106</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>14063</start>
<end>14068</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2009</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>106</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>14063</start>
<end>14068</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0015"><titleInfo><title>A single amino acid substitution in the hemagglutinin of H3N2 subtype influenza A Viruses iIs associated with resistance to the long pentraxin PTX3 and enhanced virulence in mice</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ER</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Job</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bottazzi</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KR</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Short</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Deng</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Mantovani</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AG</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Brooks</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PC</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Reading</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Job ER, Bottazzi B, Short KR, Deng YM, Mantovani A, Brooks AG, Reading PC. 2013. A single amino acid substitution in the hemagglutinin of H3N2 subtype influenza A Viruses iIs associated with resistance to the long pentraxin PTX3 and enhanced virulence in mice. J Immunol 192:271–281.</note>
<part><date>2013</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>192</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>271</start>
<end>281</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Immunol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2013</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>192</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>271</start>
<end>281</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0016"><titleInfo><title>Molecular correlates of influenza A H5N1 virus pathogenesis in mice</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Katz</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tumpey</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CB</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Smith</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MW</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Shaw</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Subbarao</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Katz JM, Lu X, Tumpey TM, Smith CB, Shaw MW, Subbarao K. 2000. Molecular correlates of influenza A H5N1 virus pathogenesis in mice. J Virol 74:10807–10810.</note>
<part><date>2000</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>74</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>10807</start>
<end>10810</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Virol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2000</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>74</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>10807</start>
<end>10810</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0017"><titleInfo><title>Altered receptor specificity and fusion activity of the haemagglutinin contribute to high virulence of a mouse‐adapted influenza A virus</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Koerner</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MN</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Matrosovich</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Haller</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Staeheli</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kochs</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Koerner I, Matrosovich MN, Haller O, Staeheli P, Kochs G. 2012. Altered receptor specificity and fusion activity of the haemagglutinin contribute to high virulence of a mouse‐adapted influenza A virus. J Gen Virol 93:970–979.</note>
<part><date>2012</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>93</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>970</start>
<end>979</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Gen Virol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2012</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>93</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>970</start>
<end>979</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0018"><titleInfo><title>Laver WG. 1969. In: Habel K, Salzman NP, editors. Purification of influenza virus. In fundamental techniques in virology. New York: Academic Press, pp 82–86.</title>
</titleInfo>
<note type="citation/reference">Laver WG. 1969. In: Habel K, Salzman NP, editors. Purification of influenza virus. In fundamental techniques in virology. New York: Academic Press, pp 82–86.</note>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WG</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Laver</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Habel</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NP</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Salzman</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>book</genre>
<originInfo><publisher>Academic Press</publisher>
<place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm>
</place>
</originInfo>
<part><date>1969</date>
<extent unit="pages"><start>82</start>
<end>86</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0019"><titleInfo><title>PB1‐mediated virulence attenuation of H5N1 influenza virus in mice is associated with P B2</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Li</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Li</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Sun</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Wu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Q</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Zhu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Li J, Li Y, Hu Y, Chang G, Sun W, Yang Y, Kang X, Wu X, Zhu Q. 2011a. PB1‐mediated virulence attenuation of H5N1 influenza virus in mice is associated with P B2. J Gen Virol 92:1435–1444.</note>
<part><date>2011</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>92</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1435</start>
<end>1444</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Gen Virol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2011</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>92</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1435</start>
<end>1444</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0020"><titleInfo><title>Virulence of H5N1 virus in mice attenuates after in vitro serial passages</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Li</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Liu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Zhan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Xia</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Li</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Q</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Zhu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Li J, Liu B, Chang G, Hu Y, Zhan D, Xia Y, Li Y, Yang Y, Zhu Q. 2011b. Virulence of H5N1 virus in mice attenuates after in vitro serial passages. Virol J 8:93.</note>
<part><date>2011</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>8</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>93</start>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Virol J</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2011</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>8</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>93</start>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0021"><titleInfo><title>Effect of receptor binding domain mutations on receptor binding and transmissibility of avian influenza H5N1 viruses</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TR</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Maines</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chen</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Van Hoeven</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tumpey</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Blixt</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Belser</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Gustin</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MB</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Pearce</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Pappas</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Stevens</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Cox</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Paulson</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Raman</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Sasisekharan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Katz</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RO</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Donis</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Maines TR, Chen LM, Van Hoeven N, Tumpey TM, Blixt O, Belser JA, Gustin KM, Pearce MB, Pappas C, Stevens J, Cox NJ, Paulson JC, Raman R, Sasisekharan R, Katz JM, Donis RO. 2011. Effect of receptor binding domain mutations on receptor binding and transmissibility of avian influenza H5N1 viruses. Virology 413:139–147.</note>
<part><date>2011</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>413</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>139</start>
<end>147</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Virology</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2011</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>413</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>139</start>
<end>147</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0022"><titleInfo><title>Early alterations of the receptor‐binding properties of H1, H2, and H3 avian influenza virus hemagglutinins after their introduction into mammals early alterations of the receptor‐binding properties of H1, H2, and H3 avian influenza virus hemagglutini</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Matrosovich</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tuzikov</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bovin</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Gambaryan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Klimov</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MR</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Castrucci</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Donatelli</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kawaoka</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Matrosovich M, Tuzikov A, Bovin N, Gambaryan A, Klimov A, Castrucci MR, Donatelli I, Kawaoka Y. 2000. Early alterations of the receptor‐binding properties of H1, H2, and H3 avian influenza virus hemagglutinins after their introduction into mammals early alterations of the receptor‐binding properties of H1, H2, and H3 avian influenza virus hemagglutini. J Virol 18:8502–8512.</note>
<part><date>2000</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>18</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>8502</start>
<end>8512</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Virol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2000</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>18</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>8502</start>
<end>8512</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0023"><titleInfo><title>A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Muench</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Reed</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Muench H, Reed LJ. 1938. A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints. Am J Hyginene 27:493–497.</note>
<part><date>1938</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>27</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>493</start>
<end>497</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Am J Hyginene</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>1938</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>27</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>493</start>
<end>497</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0024"><titleInfo><title>Emergence and pandemic potential of swine‐origin H1N1 influenza virus</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Neumann</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Noda</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kawaoka</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Neumann G, Noda T, Kawaoka Y. 2009. Emergence and pandemic potential of swine‐origin H1N1 influenza virus. Nature 459:931–939.</note>
<part><date>2009</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>459</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>931</start>
<end>939</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Nature</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2009</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>459</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>931</start>
<end>939</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0025"><titleInfo><title>Receptor specificity and transmission of H2N2 subtype viruses isolated from the pandemic of 1957</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Pappas</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Viswanathan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chandrasekaran</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Raman</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Katz</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Sasisekharan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tumpey</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Pappas C, Viswanathan K, Chandrasekaran A, Raman R, Katz JM, Sasisekharan R, Tumpey TM. 2010. Receptor specificity and transmission of H2N2 subtype viruses isolated from the pandemic of 1957. PLoS ONE 5:e11158.</note>
<part><date>2010</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>5</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>e11158</start>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>PLoS ONE</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2010</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>5</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>e11158</start>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0026"><titleInfo><title>H5N1 and 1918 pandemic influenza virus infection results in early and excessive infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in the lungs of mice</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Perrone</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JK</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Plowden</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart>
<namePart type="family">García‐Sastre</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Katz</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tumpey</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Perrone LA, Plowden JK, García‐Sastre A, Katz JM, Tumpey TM. 2008. H5N1 and 1918 pandemic influenza virus infection results in early and excessive infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in the lungs of mice. PLoS Pathog 4:e1000115.</note>
<part><date>2008</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>4</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>e1000115</start>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>PLoS Pathog</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2008</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>4</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>e1000115</start>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0027"><titleInfo><title>Enabling the ‘host jump’: Structural determinants of receptor‐binding specificity in influenza A viruses</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Shi</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Wu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Qi</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GF.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Gao</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Shi Y, Wu Y, Zhang W, Qi J, Gao GF. 2014. Enabling the ‘host jump’: Structural determinants of receptor‐binding specificity in influenza A viruses. Nat Rev Microbiol 12:822–831.</note>
<part><date>2014</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>12</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>822</start>
<end>831</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Nat Rev Microbiol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2014</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>12</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>822</start>
<end>831</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0028"><titleInfo><title>A single residue substitution in the receptor‐binding domain of H5N1 hemagglutinin is critical for packaging into pseudotyped lentiviral particles</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lam</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YL</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Siu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CH</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lam</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SL</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Peiris</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Buchy</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Nal</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bruzzone</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Tang DJ, Lam YM, Siu YL, Lam CH, Chu SL, Peiris JS, Buchy P, Nal B, Bruzzone R. 2012. A single residue substitution in the receptor‐binding domain of H5N1 hemagglutinin is critical for packaging into pseudotyped lentiviral particles. PLoS ONE 7:e43596.</note>
<part><date>2012</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>7</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>e43596</start>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>PLoS ONE</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2012</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>7</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>e43596</start>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0029"><titleInfo><title>Structural analysis of the novel influenza A (H7N9) viral Neuraminidase interactions with current approved neuraminidase inhibitors Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, and Peramivir in the presence of mutation R289K</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tran‐To Su</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ouyang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Zheng</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CK</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kwoh</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Tran‐To Su C, Ouyang X, Zheng J, Kwoh CK. 2013. Structural analysis of the novel influenza A (H7N9) viral Neuraminidase interactions with current approved neuraminidase inhibitors Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, and Peramivir in the presence of mutation R289K. BMC Bioinformatics 14:S7.</note>
<part><date>2013</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>14</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>S7</start>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>BMC Bioinformatics</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2013</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>14</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>S7</start>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0030"><titleInfo><title>Novel approach to the development of effective H5N1 influenza A virus vaccines: Use of M2 cytoplasmic tail mutants</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Watanabe</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Watanabe</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JH</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kim</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hatta</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kawaoka</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Watanabe T, Watanabe S, Kim JH, Hatta M, Kawaoka Y. 2008. Novel approach to the development of effective H5N1 influenza A virus vaccines: Use of M2 cytoplasmic tail mutants. J Virol 82:2486–2492.</note>
<part><date>2008</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>82</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>2486</start>
<end>2492</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Virol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2008</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>82</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>2486</start>
<end>2492</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0031"><titleInfo><title>Structural characterization of the hemagglutinin receptor specificity from the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Xu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart>
<namePart type="family">McBride</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Nycholat</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Paulson</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">IA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Wilson</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Xu R, McBride R, Nycholat CM, Paulson JC, Wilson IA. 2012. Structural characterization of the hemagglutinin receptor specificity from the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. J Virol 86:982–990.</note>
<part><date>2012</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>86</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>982</start>
<end>990</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Virol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2012</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>86</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>982</start>
<end>990</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0032"><titleInfo><title>Molecular basis of the receptor binding specificity switch of the hemagglutinins from both the 1918 and 2009 pandemic influenza A viruses by a D225G substitution</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Shi</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Qi</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Gao</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Q</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Li</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Z</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Fan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GF.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Gao</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Zhang W, Shi Y, Qi J, Gao F, Li Q, Fan Z, Yan J, Gao GF. 2013. Molecular basis of the receptor binding specificity switch of the hemagglutinins from both the 1918 and 2009 pandemic influenza A viruses by a D225G substitution. J Virol 87:5949–5958.</note>
<part><date>2013</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>87</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>5949</start>
<end>5958</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Virol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2013</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>87</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>5949</start>
<end>5958</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="jmv24257-cit-0033"><titleInfo><title>Analysis of antigen epitopes and molecular pathogenic characteristics of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza A Virus in China</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Zhou</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tian</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DY</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Fang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Liang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Zhou</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HL</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Gao</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CY</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Fu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Liu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HZ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ni</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CW</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ke</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LF</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Jiang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Zhou JJ, Tian J, Fang DY, Liang Y, Yan HJ, Zhou JM, Gao HL, Fu CY, Liu Y, Ni HZ, Ke CW, Jiang LF. 2011. Analysis of antigen epitopes and molecular pathogenic characteristics of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza A Virus in China. Acta Virol 55:195–202.</note>
<part><date>2011</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>55</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>195</start>
<end>202</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Acta Virol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2011</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>55</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>195</start>
<end>202</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<identifier type="istex">B3ACC6CB74E03A31AD78DEECF543785DA5D9C4FD</identifier>
<identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-8W33562B-J</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1002/jmv.24257</identifier>
<identifier type="ArticleID">JMV24257</identifier>
<accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</accessCondition>
<recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-L0C46X92-X">wiley</recordContentSource>
<recordOrigin>Converted from (version ) to MODS version 3.6.</recordOrigin>
<recordCreationDate encoding="w3cdtf">2019-11-15</recordCreationDate>
</recordInfo>
</mods>
<json:item><extension>json</extension>
<original>false</original>
<mimetype>application/json</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-8W33562B-J/record.json</uri>
</json:item>
</metadata>
<serie></serie>
</istex>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/PandemieGrippaleV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000920 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000920 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Sante |area= PandemieGrippaleV1 |flux= Istex |étape= Corpus |type= RBID |clé= ISTEX:B3ACC6CB74E03A31AD78DEECF543785DA5D9C4FD |texte= Mouse lung‐adapted mutation of E190G in hemagglutinin from H5N1 influenza virus contributes to attenuation in mice }}
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.34. | ![]() |