Cholera is an ancient enteric disease originating from the Gange delta, and produces a first pandemic in 1817.The victory on cholera is a story of rich countries (Bourdelais 2003), in the global south, and in Africa in particular (Mengel et al.2014), the bacteria continues to prosper in the 21th century. Influenced by the imaginaries inherited from the 19th century, the contemporary manifestations of cholera are easily interpreted as a sign of a lack of modernity, which complexifies the production of knowledge on cholera and, in the context of scarce resources, favor the design and implementation of technological innovations at the center of the cholera control strategies. Our interest lies in the deployment of surveillance and control technologies (including vaccination) in the African Continent. We discuss the conceptualization and negotiation of surveillance devices, the crafting of the geographical spaces where the disease is anticipated (hotspots) and the innovations deployed. Our focus is also on the beneficiaries themselves, at those who live in the hotspots, at their manner of representing the disease and its’ control strategies, to their negotiation with simultaneous risks (including cholera) and their preventive practices.Our approach consists of following those who track cholera and design control strategies, and those who are labelled as at risk for cholera and targets of said control strategies. We have thus carried out a multisited symmetric ethnography (Falzon 2016), in which participant observation is enriched by an observing participation (Fassin 2017).