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Formulation, description and validation of a satiating bread

Identifieur interne : 000236 ( Hal/Corpus ); précédent : 000235; suivant : 000237

Formulation, description and validation of a satiating bread

Auteurs : Peio Touyarou

Source :

RBID : Hal:tel-00668177

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

This PhD project was aimed at the formulation, the characterization and the validation of one bread, processed from flour selected to increase the satiety effects on humans. For the last several decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity around the world has been increasing. The risks of obesity are responsible for a stagnation of life expectancy in some industrialized countries. In order to stop this pandemic phenomenon, dietary fibre appears to have beneficial effects on the decrease in feeling hunger, caloric intake and body weight of obese participants. The first goal of this work was to process two fibre-enriched breads: one of them was a “whole grain” bread (PF1), and the second one a “multigrain bread” (PF2). In order to validate the effects of these two breads on human metabolism, two experimental design studies have been led: short term studies, and long term studies. Two short-term studies have been led. The first study evidenced that the most fibre-enriched bread was expected to be more satiating than a white bread, and thus, participants reduced the weight of this bread eaten. The second experiment showed that hunger sensation reappeared more slowly for the most fibre-enriched bread. Finally, a long term study was conducted on average weight participants, aimed at serving a fixed and important weight of the PF1 and PF2 breads during breakfast. After two weeks of exposure to these fibre-enriched breads, participants felt less hungry. Furthermore, for the PF1 bread, participants also decreased their caloric intake in comparison to a controlled condition. In conclusion, all of these studies permitted to target one experimental bread and a paradigm to be followed, in order to lead a study examining overweight or obese participants during a weight-loss diet, with the aim of increasing the well-being experienced from the diet.


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Hal:tel-00668177

Le document en format XML

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<p>This PhD project was aimed at the formulation, the characterization and the validation of one bread, processed from flour selected to increase the satiety effects on humans. For the last several decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity around the world has been increasing. The risks of obesity are responsible for a stagnation of life expectancy in some industrialized countries. In order to stop this pandemic phenomenon, dietary fibre appears to have beneficial effects on the decrease in feeling hunger, caloric intake and body weight of obese participants. The first goal of this work was to process two fibre-enriched breads: one of them was a “whole grain” bread (PF1), and the second one a “multigrain bread” (PF2). In order to validate the effects of these two breads on human metabolism, two experimental design studies have been led: short term studies, and long term studies. Two short-term studies have been led. The first study evidenced that the most fibre-enriched bread was expected to be more satiating than a white bread, and thus, participants reduced the weight of this bread eaten. The second experiment showed that hunger sensation reappeared more slowly for the most fibre-enriched bread. Finally, a long term study was conducted on average weight participants, aimed at serving a fixed and important weight of the PF1 and PF2 breads during breakfast. After two weeks of exposure to these fibre-enriched breads, participants felt less hungry. Furthermore, for the PF1 bread, participants also decreased their caloric intake in comparison to a controlled condition. In conclusion, all of these studies permitted to target one experimental bread and a paradigm to be followed, in order to lead a study examining overweight or obese participants during a weight-loss diet, with the aim of increasing the well-being experienced from the diet.</p>
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<p>Ces travaux de thèse avaient pour but de formuler, de caractériser et de valider un pain élaboré à partir de farines sélectionnées pour améliorer son pouvoir satiétogène. Fort est de constater que depuis plusieurs décennies, la prévalence du surpoids et de l’obésité est croissante. Les risques liés à l’obésité ont un impact sur l’espérance de vie qui stagne dans certains pays développés. Pour lutter contre cette pandémie, la consommation de fibres alimentaires semblerait avoir un effet positif sur la diminution de la sensation de faim, sur la diminution des prises caloriques ainsi que sur la diminution du poids chez des personnes obèses. Ainsi, ce travail de thèse a d’abord consisté à formuler deux pains expérimentaux enrichis en fibres : un pain typé « pain complet » (PF1) et un pain typé « pain aux céréales ». (PF2) Afin de valider les effets de ces pains sur l’organisme, deux types d’études ont été menés : des études à court terme et des études à long terme. Deux études ont été réalisées à court terme. La première étude a montré que le pain le plus enrichi en fibres était considéré comme plus rassasiant qu’un pain de mie blanc, et les participants diminuaient les quantités consommées pour ce type de pain. La deuxième étude a montré que la réapparition de la faim était plus lente pour le pain le plus riche en fibres. Enfin, une étude à long terme menée auprès de participants normopondéraux consistait à proposer une quantité fixe et importante des pains PF1 et PF2 au petit-déjeuner. Au bout de 15 jours d’exposition, les participants déclaraient avoir moins faim suite à la consommation de ces pains enrichis en fibres. De plus, pour le pain PF1, les participants diminuaient leur prise calorique comparativement à une situation contrôle. Au final, l’ensemble de ces études a permis de cibler un pain expérimental et un paradigme à suivre pour une étude menée auprès de participants en surpoids et obèses dans le cadre d’un régime amaigrissant, pour améliorer le bien-être lié au vécu de ce régime.</p>
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