A unique cross section through the skin of the dinosaur Psittacosaurus from China showing a complex fibre architecture
Identifieur interne : 000268 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000267; suivant : 000269A unique cross section through the skin of the dinosaur Psittacosaurus from China showing a complex fibre architecture
Auteurs : Theagarten Lingham-SoliarSource :
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences [ 0962-8452 ] ; 2008.
Abstract
This paper reports on a unique preservation of soft tissues in the ventrolateral region of the plant-eating dinosaur
Url:
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2007.1342
PubMed: 18182372
PubMed Central: 2596897
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000268
Links to Exploration step
PMC:2596897Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A unique cross section through the skin of the dinosaur <italic>Psittacosaurus</italic> from China showing a complex fibre architecture</title><author><name sortKey="Lingham Soliar, Theagarten" sort="Lingham Soliar, Theagarten" uniqKey="Lingham Soliar T" first="Theagarten" last="Lingham-Soliar">Theagarten Lingham-Soliar</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">18182372</idno><idno type="pmc">2596897</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2596897</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2596897</idno><idno type="doi">10.1098/rspb.2007.1342</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000268</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000268</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000268</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000268</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A unique cross section through the skin of the dinosaur <italic>Psittacosaurus</italic> from China showing a complex fibre architecture</title><author><name sortKey="Lingham Soliar, Theagarten" sort="Lingham Soliar, Theagarten" uniqKey="Lingham Soliar T" first="Theagarten" last="Lingham-Soliar">Theagarten Lingham-Soliar</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</title><idno type="ISSN">0962-8452</idno><idno type="eISSN">1471-2954</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>This paper reports on a unique preservation of soft tissues in the ventrolateral region of the plant-eating dinosaur <italic>Psittacosaurus</italic> from the Jehol biota of China. The preservation is of a deep cross section through the dermis, which includes multiple layers of collagenous fibres in excess of 25, among the highest recorded in vertebrates, with a further 15 more layers (poorly preserved) estimated for the entire height of the section. Also, for the first time in a dinosaur two fibre layers parallel to the skin surface are preserved deep within the dermis at the base of the cross section. These fibre layers comprise regularly disposed fibres arranged in left- and right-handed geodesic helices, matching the pattern at the surface and reasonably inferred for the entire section. As noted from the studies on modern-day animals, this fibre structure plays a critical part in the stresses and strains the skin may be subjected to and is ideally suited to providing support and protection. <italic>Psittacosaurus</italic> gives a remarkable, unprecedented understanding of the dinosaur skin.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="EN"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Biol Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RSPB</journal-id><journal-title>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0962-8452</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1471-2954</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Royal Society</publisher-name><publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">18182372</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2596897</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">rspb20071342</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1098/rspb.2007.1342</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A unique cross section through the skin of the dinosaur <italic>Psittacosaurus</italic> from China showing a complex fibre architecture</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lingham-Soliar</surname><given-names>Theagarten</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff><institution>School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal</institution><addr-line>Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, Republic of South Africa</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label> (<email>linghamst@ukzn.ac.za</email>)</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>8</day><month>1</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>7</day><month>4</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><volume>275</volume><issue>1636</issue><fpage>775</fpage><lpage>780</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>28</day><month>9</month><year>2007</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>5</day><month>12</month><year>2007</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>6</day><month>12</month><year>2007</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2008 The Royal Society</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2008</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><p>This paper reports on a unique preservation of soft tissues in the ventrolateral region of the plant-eating dinosaur <italic>Psittacosaurus</italic> from the Jehol biota of China. The preservation is of a deep cross section through the dermis, which includes multiple layers of collagenous fibres in excess of 25, among the highest recorded in vertebrates, with a further 15 more layers (poorly preserved) estimated for the entire height of the section. Also, for the first time in a dinosaur two fibre layers parallel to the skin surface are preserved deep within the dermis at the base of the cross section. These fibre layers comprise regularly disposed fibres arranged in left- and right-handed geodesic helices, matching the pattern at the surface and reasonably inferred for the entire section. As noted from the studies on modern-day animals, this fibre structure plays a critical part in the stresses and strains the skin may be subjected to and is ideally suited to providing support and protection. <italic>Psittacosaurus</italic> gives a remarkable, unprecedented understanding of the dinosaur skin.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd><italic>Psittacosaurus</italic></kwd><kwd>dermal cross section</kwd><kwd>helical fibres</kwd><kwd>multiple layers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-wrap><fig id="fig1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>The dinosaur <italic>Psittacosaurus</italic>. (<italic>a</italic>) Specimen MV 53 (Nanjing Museum of Geology and Palaeontology, China). (<italic>b</italic>) Specimen SMF R 4970 (Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Germany). The figure shows the detail of the skin preservation of the left shoulder; plate-like scales are separated by numerous small polygonal and tubercle-like scales (photo courtesy of Prof. Gerhard Plodowski). (<italic>c</italic>) Demarcated area in (<italic>b</italic>); shows eroded epidermal scales and underlying fibres of the dermis. (<italic>d</italic>) Detail of beaded fibre. Scale bars, (<italic>a</italic>) 5 cm and (<italic>b</italic>) 1 cm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="rspb20071342f01"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Integumental fibres. (<italic>a</italic>) Left posterolateral side of the body shows a vertical fracture, i.e. a cross section, in the fossil (extending from a variable height of approx. 10–15 mm and width 35–40 mm) areas 1 and 2. The surface of the fossil shows fibres extending in opposing directions (described in detail in <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib9">Feduccia <italic>et al</italic>. 2005</xref>); the vertical section, area 1 (inset), is more fractured than area 2, as a consequence the cross section shows fibres in two slightly different planes (yellow arrows) and the fibre bundles are clearly visible (yellow arrowhead). (<italic>b</italic>) Cross section of numerous, compacted layers of structural fibres. A few fibres extending out of the cross section (yellow arrows) are also noted. Inset (from approximate circled area): photographed at a slightly different angle to the main picture; despite representing the poorest of the layers preserved, the fibre layers are clearly evident (10, numbered) excluding few missing layers. (<italic>c</italic>) Opposing layers of fibres (area 3 in (<italic>a</italic>)) in tangential view, i.e. parallel to the surface fibres, exposed at the base of the section; arrows show respective fibre angles; inset, also in tangential view, shows detail of the surface fibres from (<italic>a</italic>) oriented in opposing directions. (<italic>d</italic>,<italic>e</italic>) Dermal fibres in the white shark <italic>C. carcharias</italic>. (<italic>d</italic>) Tangential view of fibre bundles (left-handed); owing to the thinness of the histological section only a trace of the right-handed fibres are present (bottom right). (<italic>e</italic>) Cross section of fibre bundles from skin from the body of the shark. Scale bars, (<italic>a</italic>) 20 mm, (<italic>b</italic>) 1.5 mm and (<italic>c</italic>,<italic>d</italic>) 1 mm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="rspb20071342f02"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>SEM of collagen fibre bundles from the white shark <italic>C. carcharias</italic>. (<italic>a</italic>) Degraded and dehydrated collagen fibre bundles showing beaded structure. (<italic>b</italic>) High resolution of (<italic>a</italic>): shows fibres within the collagen fibre bundle; the waviness indicates loss of tension (see text). The waves transfer to the fibre bundle and ultimately create the beaded structure. (<italic>c</italic>) Fresh collagen fibre bundle in cross section. The fibre bundle is fractured down the middle, showing fibres still retaining original tension. (<italic>d</italic>) Component fibrils from the fibre showing 67 nm axial banding. Scale bars, (<italic>a</italic>) 500 μm, (<italic>b</italic>) 50 μm, (<italic>c</italic>) 10 μm and (<italic>d</italic>) 1 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="rspb20071342f03"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig4" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>A schematic three-dimensional view of the dermal fibre architecture in <italic>Psittacosaurus</italic> MV53 showing fibre layers and orientations, based on cross and tangential sections in the present study. Large arrow shows long axis of animal.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="rspb20071342f04"></graphic></fig></floats-wrap></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Archeologie/explor/PaleopathV1/Data/Pmc/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000268 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 000268 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Archeologie
|area= PaleopathV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Curation
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:2596897
|texte= A unique cross section through the skin of the dinosaur Psittacosaurus from China showing a complex fibre architecture
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:18182372" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a PaleopathV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.27. |  |