V-shaped Pits in Regions of Ancient Baekje Kingdom Paleoparasitologically Confirmed as Likely Human-Waste Reservoirs
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Auteurs : Dong Hoon Shin [Corée du Sud] ; Sang-Yuck Shim [Corée du Sud] ; Myeung Ju Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Chang Seok Oh [Corée du Sud] ; Mi-Hyun Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Suk Bae Jung [Corée du Sud] ; Geon Il Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Jong-Yil Chai [Corée du Sud] ; Min Seo [Corée du Sud]Source :
- The Korean Journal of Parasitology [ 0023-4001 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
In a paleo-parasitological analysis of soil samples obtained from V-shaped pits dating to the ancient Baekje period in Korean history, we discovered
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DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.569
PubMed: 25352710
PubMed Central: 4210744
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wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Korea National University of Cultural Heritage, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 323-812</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Geon Il" sort="Lee, Geon Il" uniqKey="Lee G" first="Geon Il" last="Lee">Geon Il Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Korea National University of Cultural Heritage, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 323-812, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Korea National University of Cultural Heritage, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 323-812</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chai, Jong Yil" sort="Chai, Jong Yil" uniqKey="Chai J" first="Jong-Yil" last="Chai">Jong-Yil Chai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" 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when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000243</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000243</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000243</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000243</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">V-shaped Pits in Regions of Ancient Baekje Kingdom Paleoparasitologically Confirmed as Likely Human-Waste Reservoirs</title><author><name sortKey="Shin, Dong Hoon" sort="Shin, Dong Hoon" uniqKey="Shin D" first="Dong Hoon" last="Shin">Dong Hoon Shin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shim, Sang Yuck" sort="Shim, Sang Yuck" uniqKey="Shim S" first="Sang-Yuck" last="Shim">Sang-Yuck Shim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Buyeo Cultural Heritage Center, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 323-802, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Buyeo Cultural Heritage Center, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 323-802</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Myeung Ju" sort="Kim, Myeung Ju" uniqKey="Kim M" first="Myeung Ju" last="Kim">Myeung Ju Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Anatomy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-715, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anatomy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-715</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, Chang Seok" sort="Oh, Chang Seok" uniqKey="Oh C" first="Chang Seok" last="Oh">Chang Seok Oh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Mi Hyun" sort="Lee, Mi Hyun" uniqKey="Lee M" first="Mi-Hyun" last="Lee">Mi-Hyun Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Buyeo Cultural Heritage Center, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 323-802, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Buyeo Cultural Heritage Center, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 323-802</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jung, Suk Bae" sort="Jung, Suk Bae" uniqKey="Jung S" first="Suk Bae" last="Jung">Suk Bae Jung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Korea National University of Cultural Heritage, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 323-812, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Korea National University of Cultural Heritage, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 323-812</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Geon Il" sort="Lee, Geon Il" uniqKey="Lee G" first="Geon Il" last="Lee">Geon Il Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Korea National University of Cultural Heritage, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 323-812, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Korea National University of Cultural Heritage, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 323-812</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chai, Jong Yil" sort="Chai, Jong Yil" uniqKey="Chai J" first="Jong-Yil" last="Chai">Jong-Yil Chai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seo, Min" sort="Seo, Min" uniqKey="Seo M" first="Min" last="Seo">Min Seo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Mummy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-715, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Mummy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-715</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Korean Journal of Parasitology</title><idno type="ISSN">0023-4001</idno><idno type="eISSN">1738-0006</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In a paleo-parasitological analysis of soil samples obtained from V-shaped pits dating to the ancient Baekje period in Korean history, we discovered <italic>Ascaris lumbricoides</italic>, <italic>Trichuris trichiura</italic>, and <italic>Clonorchis sinensis</italic> eggs. In light of the samples' seriously contaminated state, the V-shaped pits might have served as toilets, cesspits, or dung heaps. For a long period of time, researchers scouring archaeological sites in Korea have had difficulties locating such structures. In this context then, the present report is unique because similar kind of the ancient ruins must become an ideal resource for successful sampling in our forthcoming paleoparasitological studies.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Addyman, Pv" uniqKey="Addyman P">PV Addyman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ki, Hc" uniqKey="Ki H">HC Ki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bae, Jh" uniqKey="Bae J">JH Bae</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Dh" uniqKey="Shin D">DH Shin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, Mj" uniqKey="Kim M">MJ Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ki, Hc" uniqKey="Ki H">HC Ki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, S" uniqKey="Kim S">S Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chai, Jy" uniqKey="Chai J">JY Chai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seo, M" uniqKey="Seo M">M Seo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, Cs" uniqKey="Oh C">CS Oh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Dh" uniqKey="Shin D">DH Shin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Matsui, A" uniqKey="Matsui A">A Matsui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kanehara, M" uniqKey="Kanehara M">M Kanehara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kanehara, M" uniqKey="Kanehara M">M Kanehara</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Seo, M" uniqKey="Seo M">M Seo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, Cs" uniqKey="Oh C">CS Oh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chai, Jy" uniqKey="Chai J">JY Chai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Sj" uniqKey="Lee S">SJ Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Jb" uniqKey="Park J">JB Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Bh" uniqKey="Lee B">BH Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Jh" uniqKey="Park J">JH Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Gh" uniqKey="Cho G">GH Cho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hong, Dw" uniqKey="Hong D">DW Hong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Hu" uniqKey="Park H">HU Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Dh" uniqKey="Shin D">DH Shin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Callen, Eo" uniqKey="Callen E">EO Callen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cameron, Twm" uniqKey="Cameron T">TWM Cameron</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Criscione, Cd" uniqKey="Criscione C">CD Criscione</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Jd" uniqKey="Anderson J">JD Anderson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sudimack, D" uniqKey="Sudimack D">D Sudimack</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peng, W" uniqKey="Peng W">W Peng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jha, B" uniqKey="Jha B">B Jha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williams Blangero, S" uniqKey="Williams Blangero S">S Williams-Blangero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Tj" uniqKey="Anderson T">TJ Anderson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vuorinen, Hs" uniqKey="Vuorinen H">HS Vuorinen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vuorinen, Hs" uniqKey="Vuorinen H">HS Vuorinen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Juuti, Ps" uniqKey="Juuti P">PS Juuti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Katko, Ts" uniqKey="Katko T">TS Katko</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taylor, C" uniqKey="Taylor C">C Taylor</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="brief-report"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Korean J Parasitol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Korean J. Parasitol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">KJP</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Korean Journal of Parasitology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0023-4001</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1738-0006</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25352710</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4210744</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.569</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Brief Communication</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>V-shaped Pits in Regions of Ancient Baekje Kingdom Paleoparasitologically Confirmed as Likely Human-Waste Reservoirs</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>Dong Hoon</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shim</surname><given-names>Sang-Yuck</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Myeung Ju</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oh</surname><given-names>Chang Seok</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Mi-Hyun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jung</surname><given-names>Suk Bae</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Geon Il</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chai</surname><given-names>Jong-Yil</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Seo</surname><given-names>Min</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Buyeo Cultural Heritage Center, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 323-802, Korea.</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Department of Anatomy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-715, Korea.</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Korea National University of Cultural Heritage, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 323-812, Korea.</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Mummy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-715, Korea.</aff><author-notes><corresp>Corresponding author (<email>bbbenji@naver.com</email>)
</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>52</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>569</fpage><lpage>573</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>09</day><month>1</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>14</day><month>7</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>16</day><month>8</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2014, Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>In a paleo-parasitological analysis of soil samples obtained from V-shaped pits dating to the ancient Baekje period in Korean history, we discovered <italic>Ascaris lumbricoides</italic>, <italic>Trichuris trichiura</italic>, and <italic>Clonorchis sinensis</italic> eggs. In light of the samples' seriously contaminated state, the V-shaped pits might have served as toilets, cesspits, or dung heaps. For a long period of time, researchers scouring archaeological sites in Korea have had difficulties locating such structures. In this context then, the present report is unique because similar kind of the ancient ruins must become an ideal resource for successful sampling in our forthcoming paleoparasitological studies.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd><italic>Ascaris lumbricoides</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Trichuris trichiura</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Clonorchis sinensis</italic></kwd><kwd>helminth egg</kwd><kwd>paleoparasitology</kwd><kwd>Baekje Kingdom</kwd><kwd>V-shaped pit</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="KR">National Research Foundation of Korea</funding-source><award-id>2013R1A1A2009688</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>(A) Ancient Korean kingdoms (Goguryo, Silla, and Baekje). (B) Magnified image of green rectangle area. a, Gua-ri; b, Gatap-ri. In both sites of 'a' and 'b', the toilets or cesspits could be identified by paleoparasitological examinations.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="kjp-52-569-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>(A) A photograph of Gua-ri 319 remains. Helminth eggs were recovered from the construct XII (arrow). (B) An aerial photograph on the Dusireoggol remains, Gatap-ri. BD, building; R, residential area; W, water collecting facility; RD, road. The helminth eggs were recovered from the construct suspected as the toilet (arrow).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="kjp-52-569-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 3</label><caption><p>Helminth egg discovery in the samples from Gua-ri (A) and Gatap-ri (B) sites in Buyeo. (A) Gua-ri site, the construct XII. V-shaped pit could be identified. Sampling points are marked by dots. In every sample examined, <italic>Ascaris</italic>, <italic>Trichuris</italic>, or <italic>Clonorchis</italic> eggs were discovered. (B) In Gatap-ri site, V-shaped pit was also discovered. The sampling point is marked by red dot. We also discovered <italic>Ascaris</italic>, <italic>Trichuris</italic>, and <italic>Clonorchis</italic> eggs. Scale bars in each egg plate=20 µm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="kjp-52-569-g003"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>V-shaped pit examined by paleoparasitological technique</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="kjp-52-569-i001"></graphic></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Informations on ancient parasite positive samples</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="kjp-52-569-i002"></graphic><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>a</sup>The average size was calculated on 10 eggs so far as circumstances permit.</p><p><sup>b</sup>EPG was calculated by multiplying 10 times to the average number of eggs counted in soil samples considering that 10 g of soils were dissolved in 20 ml of 0.5% trisodium phosphate solution per each sample.</p><p><sup>c</sup>Only 1 egg of <italic>C. sinensis</italic> was recovered from this sample.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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