Checklist and Scoring System for the Assessment of Soft Tissue Preservation in CT Examinations of Human Mummies
Identifieur interne : 000024 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000023; suivant : 000025Checklist and Scoring System for the Assessment of Soft Tissue Preservation in CT Examinations of Human Mummies
Auteurs : Stephanie Panzer [Allemagne, Autriche] ; Mark R. Mc Coy [Autriche] ; Wolfgang Hitzl [Autriche] ; Dario Piombino-Mascali [Lituanie] ; Rimantas Jankauskas [Lituanie] ; Albert R. Zink [Italie] ; Peter Augat [Autriche]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a checklist for standardized assessment of soft tissue preservation in human mummies based on whole-body computed tomography examinations, and to add a scoring system to facilitate quantitative comparison of mummies. Computed tomography examinations of 23 mummies from the Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo, Sicily (17 adults, 6 children; 17 anthropogenically and 6 naturally mummified) and 7 mummies from the crypt of the Dominican Church of the Holy Spirit of Vilnius, Lithuania (5 adults, 2 children; all naturally mummified) were used to develop the checklist following previously published guidelines. The scoring system was developed by assigning equal scores for checkpoints with equivalent quality. The checklist was evaluated by intra- and inter-observer reliability. The finalized checklist was applied to compare the groups of anthropogenically and naturally mummified bodies. The finalized checklist contains 97 checkpoints and was divided into two main categories, “A. Soft Tissues of Head and Musculoskeletal System” and “B. Organs and Organ Systems”, each including various subcategories. The complete checklist had an intra-observer reliability of 98% and an inter-observer reliability of 93%. Statistical comparison revealed significantly higher values in anthropogenically compared to naturally mummified bodies for the total score and for three subcategories. In conclusion, the developed checklist allows for a standardized assessment and documentation of soft tissue preservation in whole-body computed tomography examinations of human mummies. The scoring system facilitates a quantitative comparison of the soft tissue preservation status between single mummies or mummy collections.
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DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133364
PubMed: 26244862
PubMed Central: 4526695
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Mc Coy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Division of Neuroradiology, SALK, Gemeinnützige Salzburger Landeskliniken Betriebsgesellschaft mbH, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Neuroradiology, SALK, Gemeinnützige Salzburger Landeskliniken Betriebsgesellschaft mbH, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hitzl, Wolfgang" sort="Hitzl, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Hitzl W" first="Wolfgang" last="Hitzl">Wolfgang Hitzl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Biostatistics, Research office, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Biostatistics, Research office, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piombino Mascali, Dario" sort="Piombino Mascali, Dario" uniqKey="Piombino Mascali D" first="Dario" last="Piombino-Mascali">Dario Piombino-Mascali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jankauskas, Rimantas" sort="Jankauskas, Rimantas" uniqKey="Jankauskas R" first="Rimantas" last="Jankauskas">Rimantas Jankauskas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zink, Albert R" sort="Zink, Albert R" uniqKey="Zink A" first="Albert R." last="Zink">Albert R. 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Mc Coy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Division of Neuroradiology, SALK, Gemeinnützige Salzburger Landeskliniken Betriebsgesellschaft mbH, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Neuroradiology, SALK, Gemeinnützige Salzburger Landeskliniken Betriebsgesellschaft mbH, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hitzl, Wolfgang" sort="Hitzl, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Hitzl W" first="Wolfgang" last="Hitzl">Wolfgang Hitzl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Biostatistics, Research office, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Biostatistics, Research office, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piombino Mascali, Dario" sort="Piombino Mascali, Dario" uniqKey="Piombino Mascali D" first="Dario" last="Piombino-Mascali">Dario Piombino-Mascali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jankauskas, Rimantas" sort="Jankauskas, Rimantas" uniqKey="Jankauskas R" first="Rimantas" last="Jankauskas">Rimantas Jankauskas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zink, Albert R" sort="Zink, Albert R" uniqKey="Zink A" first="Albert R." last="Zink">Albert R. Zink</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>EURAC-Institute for Mummies and the Iceman, Bolzano, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>EURAC-Institute for Mummies and the Iceman, Bolzano</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Augat, Peter" sort="Augat, Peter" uniqKey="Augat P" first="Peter" last="Augat">Peter Augat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Institute of Biomechanics, Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany, and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomechanics, Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany, and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of this study was to develop a checklist for standardized assessment of soft tissue preservation in human mummies based on whole-body computed tomography examinations, and to add a scoring system to facilitate quantitative comparison of mummies. Computed tomography examinations of 23 mummies from the Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo, Sicily (17 adults, 6 children; 17 anthropogenically and 6 naturally mummified) and 7 mummies from the crypt of the Dominican Church of the Holy Spirit of Vilnius, Lithuania (5 adults, 2 children; all naturally mummified) were used to develop the checklist following previously published guidelines. The scoring system was developed by assigning equal scores for checkpoints with equivalent quality. The checklist was evaluated by intra- and inter-observer reliability. The finalized checklist was applied to compare the groups of anthropogenically and naturally mummified bodies. The finalized checklist contains 97 checkpoints and was divided into two main categories, “A. Soft Tissues of Head and Musculoskeletal System” and “B. Organs and Organ Systems”, each including various subcategories. The complete checklist had an intra-observer reliability of 98% and an inter-observer reliability of 93%. Statistical comparison revealed significantly higher values in anthropogenically compared to naturally mummified bodies for the total score and for three subcategories. In conclusion, the developed checklist allows for a standardized assessment and documentation of soft tissue preservation in whole-body computed tomography examinations of human mummies. The scoring system facilitates a quantitative comparison of the soft tissue preservation status between single mummies or mummy collections.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buikstra, J" uniqKey="Buikstra J">J Buikstra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beck, L" uniqKey="Beck L">L Beck</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chhem, Rk" uniqKey="Chhem R">RK Chhem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brothwell, Dr" uniqKey="Brothwell D">DR Brothwell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harwood Nash, Dc" uniqKey="Harwood Nash D">DC Harwood-Nash</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoffman, H" uniqKey="Hoffman H">H Hoffman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Torres, We" uniqKey="Torres W">WE Torres</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ernst, Rd" uniqKey="Ernst R">RD 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26244862</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4526695</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0133364</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-15-13501</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Checklist and Scoring System for the Assessment of Soft Tissue Preservation in CT Examinations of Human Mummies</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">CT Checklist for the Assessment of Soft Tissue Preservation in Mummies</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Panzer</surname><given-names>Stephanie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref rid="cor001" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mc Coy</surname><given-names>Mark R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hitzl</surname><given-names>Wolfgang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Piombino-Mascali</surname><given-names>Dario</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff005"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jankauskas</surname><given-names>Rimantas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff005"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zink</surname><given-names>Albert R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff006"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Augat</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff001"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Radiology, Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff002"><label>2</label><addr-line>Institute of Biomechanics, Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany, and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff003"><label>3</label><addr-line>Division of Neuroradiology, SALK, Gemeinnützige Salzburger Landeskliniken Betriebsgesellschaft mbH, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff004"><label>4</label><addr-line>Biostatistics, Research office, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff005"><label>5</label><addr-line>Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff006"><label>6</label><addr-line>EURAC-Institute for Mummies and the Iceman, Bolzano, Italy</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Ruaux</surname><given-names>Craig Gordon</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Oregon State University, UNITED STATES</addr-line></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="conflict" id="coi001"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con" id="contrib001"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: SP PA. Performed the experiments: SP MC. Analyzed the data: SP WH PA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SP MC WH DP RJ AZ PA. Wrote the paper: SP DP RJ AZ PA. Obtained permission for computed tomography examinations for the Sicilian mummies: DP. Obtained permission for computed tomography examinations for the Lithuanian mummies: DP RJ.</p></fn><corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>stephanie.panzer@bgu-murnau.de</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>5</day><month>8</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>8</issue><elocation-id>e0133364</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>31</day><month>3</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>25</day><month>6</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Panzer et al</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pone.0133364.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>The purpose of this study was to develop a checklist for standardized assessment of soft tissue preservation in human mummies based on whole-body computed tomography examinations, and to add a scoring system to facilitate quantitative comparison of mummies. Computed tomography examinations of 23 mummies from the Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo, Sicily (17 adults, 6 children; 17 anthropogenically and 6 naturally mummified) and 7 mummies from the crypt of the Dominican Church of the Holy Spirit of Vilnius, Lithuania (5 adults, 2 children; all naturally mummified) were used to develop the checklist following previously published guidelines. The scoring system was developed by assigning equal scores for checkpoints with equivalent quality. The checklist was evaluated by intra- and inter-observer reliability. The finalized checklist was applied to compare the groups of anthropogenically and naturally mummified bodies. The finalized checklist contains 97 checkpoints and was divided into two main categories, “A. Soft Tissues of Head and Musculoskeletal System” and “B. Organs and Organ Systems”, each including various subcategories. The complete checklist had an intra-observer reliability of 98% and an inter-observer reliability of 93%. Statistical comparison revealed significantly higher values in anthropogenically compared to naturally mummified bodies for the total score and for three subcategories. In conclusion, the developed checklist allows for a standardized assessment and documentation of soft tissue preservation in whole-body computed tomography examinations of human mummies. The scoring system facilitates a quantitative comparison of the soft tissue preservation status between single mummies or mummy collections.</p></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>For the Sicilian mummies: This study was supported by Dr. Dariusch Rafiy, 3W Production, Munich, Germany (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.3w-production.com">http://www.3w-production.com</ext-link>) and the Foundation Südtiroler Sparkasse (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.stiftungsparkasse.it/">http://www.stiftungsparkasse.it/</ext-link>). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript (see also in: Panzer S, Piombino-Mascali D, Zink AR. Herniation pits in human mummies: A CT investigation in the Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo Sicily. PLOS ONE. 2012;7(5): e36537.). For the Lithuanian mummies the authors have no support or funding to report.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="7"></fig-count><table-count count="3"></table-count><page-count count="18"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.</p></notes></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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