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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Climate change underlies global demographic, genetic, and cultural transitions in pre-Columbian southern Peru</title><author><name sortKey="Fehren Schmitz, Lars" sort="Fehren Schmitz, Lars" uniqKey="Fehren Schmitz L" first="Lars" last="Fehren-Schmitz">Lars Fehren-Schmitz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Anthropology,<institution>University of California, Santa Cruz</institution>,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 95064;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Historical Anthropology and Human Ecology,<institution>University of Göttingen</institution>, D-37073 Göttingen,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haak, Wolfgang" sort="Haak, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Haak W" first="Wolfgang" last="Haak">Wolfgang Haak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>, Adelaide, SA 5005,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Chtle, Bertil" sort="M Chtle, Bertil" uniqKey="M Chtle B" first="Bertil" last="M Chtle">Bertil M Chtle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Geographisches Institut,<institution>Universität Heidelberg</institution>, D-69120 Heidelberg,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masch, Florian" sort="Masch, Florian" uniqKey="Masch F" first="Florian" last="Masch">Florian Masch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Historical Anthropology and Human Ecology,<institution>University of Göttingen</institution>, D-37073 Göttingen,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Llamas, Bastien" sort="Llamas, Bastien" uniqKey="Llamas B" first="Bastien" last="Llamas">Bastien Llamas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>, Adelaide, SA 5005,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tomasto Cagigao, Elsa" sort="Tomasto Cagigao, Elsa" uniqKey="Tomasto Cagigao E" first="Elsa" last="Tomasto Cagigao">Elsa Tomasto Cagigao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Departmento de Humanidades,<institution>Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú</institution>, Lima 32,<country>Perú</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sossna, Volker" sort="Sossna, Volker" uniqKey="Sossna V" first="Volker" last="Sossna">Volker Sossna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">German Archaeological Institute (DAI),<institution>Commission for Archaeology of Non-European Cultures</institution> (KAAK), D-53173 Bonn,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schittek, Karsten" sort="Schittek, Karsten" uniqKey="Schittek K" first="Karsten" last="Schittek">Karsten Schittek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff7">Seminar of Geography and Geographical Education,<institution>University of Cologne</institution>, D-50931 Cologne,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isla Cuadrado, Johny" sort="Isla Cuadrado, Johny" uniqKey="Isla Cuadrado J" first="Johny" last="Isla Cuadrado">Johny Isla Cuadrado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Centro de Investigación para la Arqueología y el Desarrollo</institution> (ANDES), Lima 11,<country>Perú</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eitel, Bernhard" sort="Eitel, Bernhard" uniqKey="Eitel B" first="Bernhard" last="Eitel">Bernhard Eitel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Geographisches Institut,<institution>Universität Heidelberg</institution>, D-69120 Heidelberg,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reindel, Markus" sort="Reindel, Markus" uniqKey="Reindel M" first="Markus" last="Reindel">Markus Reindel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">German Archaeological Institute (DAI),<institution>Commission for Archaeology of Non-European Cultures</institution> (KAAK), D-53173 Bonn,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24979787</idno><idno type="pmc">4084453</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4084453</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4084453</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1403466111</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000310</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000310</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Climate change underlies global demographic, genetic, and cultural transitions in pre-Columbian southern Peru</title><author><name sortKey="Fehren Schmitz, Lars" sort="Fehren Schmitz, Lars" uniqKey="Fehren Schmitz L" first="Lars" last="Fehren-Schmitz">Lars Fehren-Schmitz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Anthropology,<institution>University of California, Santa Cruz</institution>,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 95064;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Historical Anthropology and Human Ecology,<institution>University of Göttingen</institution>, D-37073 Göttingen,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haak, Wolfgang" sort="Haak, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Haak W" first="Wolfgang" last="Haak">Wolfgang Haak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>, Adelaide, SA 5005,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Chtle, Bertil" sort="M Chtle, Bertil" uniqKey="M Chtle B" first="Bertil" last="M Chtle">Bertil M Chtle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Geographisches Institut,<institution>Universität Heidelberg</institution>, D-69120 Heidelberg,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masch, Florian" sort="Masch, Florian" uniqKey="Masch F" first="Florian" last="Masch">Florian Masch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Historical Anthropology and Human Ecology,<institution>University of Göttingen</institution>, D-37073 Göttingen,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Llamas, Bastien" sort="Llamas, Bastien" uniqKey="Llamas B" first="Bastien" last="Llamas">Bastien Llamas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>, Adelaide, SA 5005,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tomasto Cagigao, Elsa" sort="Tomasto Cagigao, Elsa" uniqKey="Tomasto Cagigao E" first="Elsa" last="Tomasto Cagigao">Elsa Tomasto Cagigao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Departmento de Humanidades,<institution>Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú</institution>, Lima 32,<country>Perú</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sossna, Volker" sort="Sossna, Volker" uniqKey="Sossna V" first="Volker" last="Sossna">Volker Sossna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">German Archaeological Institute (DAI),<institution>Commission for Archaeology of Non-European Cultures</institution> (KAAK), D-53173 Bonn,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schittek, Karsten" sort="Schittek, Karsten" uniqKey="Schittek K" first="Karsten" last="Schittek">Karsten Schittek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff7">Seminar of Geography and Geographical Education,<institution>University of Cologne</institution>, D-50931 Cologne,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isla Cuadrado, Johny" sort="Isla Cuadrado, Johny" uniqKey="Isla Cuadrado J" first="Johny" last="Isla Cuadrado">Johny Isla Cuadrado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Centro de Investigación para la Arqueología y el Desarrollo</institution> (ANDES), Lima 11,<country>Perú</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eitel, Bernhard" sort="Eitel, Bernhard" uniqKey="Eitel B" first="Bernhard" last="Eitel">Bernhard Eitel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Geographisches Institut,<institution>Universität Heidelberg</institution>, D-69120 Heidelberg,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reindel, Markus" sort="Reindel, Markus" uniqKey="Reindel M" first="Markus" last="Reindel">Markus Reindel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">German Archaeological Institute (DAI),<institution>Commission for Archaeology of Non-European Cultures</institution> (KAAK), D-53173 Bonn,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Significance</title><p>It has long been assumed that climate played a major role in the population history of the Central Andes. Although adaptations of the Andean populations to climatic changes such as the intensification of agriculture have been inferred from the archaeological record, evidence for demographic adaptations such as migration is missing so far. In this paper, ancient DNA data from populations that lived in southern Peru between 840 BC and 1450 AD provide evidence for two large-scale migrations in the Central Andes coincident with episodes of drought and increased climatic variability. These migrations led to a successive genetic homogenization of southern Peruvian populations generally attributed to intrusions by the late pre-Columbian highland empires such as the Wari, Tiwanaku, or Inca.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24979787</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4084453</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">201403466</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1403466111</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Anthropology</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Environmental Sciences</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Climate change underlies global demographic, genetic, and cultural transitions in pre-Columbian southern Peru</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="short">Climate and prehistoric population history in Peru</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fehren-Schmitz</surname><given-names>Lars</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Haak</surname><given-names>Wolfgang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mächtle</surname><given-names>Bertil</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Masch</surname><given-names>Florian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Llamas</surname><given-names>Bastien</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tomasto Cagigao</surname><given-names>Elsa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sossna</surname><given-names>Volker</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schittek</surname><given-names>Karsten</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>g</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Isla Cuadrado</surname><given-names>Johny</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eitel</surname><given-names>Bernhard</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reindel</surname><given-names>Markus</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><sup>a</sup>Department of Anthropology,<institution>University of California, Santa Cruz</institution>,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 95064;</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>b</sup>Historical Anthropology and Human Ecology,<institution>University of Göttingen</institution>, D-37073 Göttingen,<country>Germany</country>;</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>c</sup>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>, Adelaide, SA 5005,<country>Australia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>d</sup>Geographisches Institut,<institution>Universität Heidelberg</institution>, D-69120 Heidelberg,<country>Germany</country>;</aff><aff id="aff5"><sup>e</sup>Departmento de Humanidades,<institution>Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú</institution>, Lima 32,<country>Perú</country>;</aff><aff id="aff6"><sup>f</sup>German Archaeological Institute (DAI),<institution>Commission for Archaeology of Non-European Cultures</institution> (KAAK), D-53173 Bonn,<country>Germany</country>;</aff><aff id="aff7"><sup>g</sup>Seminar of Geography and Geographical Education,<institution>University of Cologne</institution>, D-50931 Cologne,<country>Germany</country>; and</aff><aff id="aff8"><sup>h</sup><institution>Centro de Investigación para la Arqueología y el Desarrollo</institution> (ANDES), Lima 11,<country>Perú</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>2</sup>To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: <email>lfehrens@ucsc.edu</email>.</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by Charles Stanish, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, and approved May 22, 2014 (received for review February 25, 2014)</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: L.F.-S. and W.H. designed research; L.F.-S., W.H., F.M., B.L., E.T.C., V.S., K.S., J.I.C., B.E., and M.R. performed research; L.F.-S., W.H., B.M., B.L., E.T.C., V.S., K.S., J.I.C., B.E., and M.R. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; L.F.-S., W.H., B.M., F.M., and V.S. analyzed data; and L.F.-S., W.H., B.M., B.L., and M.R. wrote the paper.</p></fn><fn fn-type="equal" id="fn1"><p><sup>1</sup>L.F.-S. and W.H. contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>1</day><month>7</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>6</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>111</volume><issue>26</issue><fpage>9443</fpage><lpage>9448</lpage><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pnas.201403466.pdf"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="executive-summary"><title>Significance</title><p>It has long been assumed that climate played a major role in the population history of the Central Andes. Although adaptations of the Andean populations to climatic changes such as the intensification of agriculture have been inferred from the archaeological record, evidence for demographic adaptations such as migration is missing so far. In this paper, ancient DNA data from populations that lived in southern Peru between 840 BC and 1450 AD provide evidence for two large-scale migrations in the Central Andes coincident with episodes of drought and increased climatic variability. These migrations led to a successive genetic homogenization of southern Peruvian populations generally attributed to intrusions by the late pre-Columbian highland empires such as the Wari, Tiwanaku, or Inca.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Several archaeological studies in the Central Andes have pointed at the temporal coincidence of climatic fluctuations (both long- and short-term) and episodes of cultural transition and changes of socioeconomic structures throughout the pre-Columbian period. Although most scholars explain the connection between environmental and cultural changes by the impact of climatic alterations on the capacities of the ecosystems inhabited by pre-Columbian cultures, direct evidence for assumed demographic consequences is missing so far. In this study, we address directly the impact of climatic changes on the spatial population dynamics of the Central Andes. We use a large dataset of pre-Columbian mitochondrial DNA sequences from the northern Rio Grande de Nasca drainage (RGND) in southern Peru, dating from ∼840 BC to 1450 AD. Alternative demographic scenarios are tested using Bayesian serial coalescent simulations in an approximate Bayesian computational framework. Our results indicate migrations from the lower coastal valleys of southern Peru into the Andean highlands coincident with increasing climate variability at the end of the Nasca culture at ∼640 AD. We also find support for a back-migration from the highlands to the coast coincident with droughts in the southeastern Andean highlands and improvement of climatic conditions on the coast after the decline of the Wari and Tiwanaku empires (∼1200 AD), leading to a genetic homogenization in the RGND and probably southern Peru as a whole.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>ancient DNA</kwd><kwd>South America</kwd><kwd>population history</kwd></kwd-group><counts><page-count count="6"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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